DNA methylation as a potential mediator between environmental pollutants and osteoporosis; a current hypothesis (original) (raw)
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Exposure to Air pollution Increases the Risk of Osteoporosis
Medicine, 2015
Several studies have indicated that air pollution induces systemic as well as tissue-specific inflammation. Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reduce bone mineral density (BMD), leading to increased release of immune cells from the bone marrow. However, the association between air pollution and osteoporosis remains poorly defined. Therefore, we conducted this population-based retrospective cohort study to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis in Taiwanese residents exposed to air pollution.
Environmental risk factors for osteoporosis
Environmental Health Perspectives, 1994
The objective of the conference was to review what is known about risk factors for osteoporosis and to identify gaps in the present state of knowledge that might be addressed by future research. The conference was divided into two broad themes. The first session focused on current knowledge regarding etiology, risk factors, and approaches to clinical and laboratory diagnosis. This was followed by three sessions in which various environmental pollutants were discussed. Topics selected for review included environmental agents that interfere with bone and calcium metabolism, such as the toxic metals lead, cadmium, aluminum, and fluoride, natural and antiestrogens, calcium, and vitamin D.
Osteoporosis International
Long-term environmental air pollution exposure was associated with osteoporosis' risk in a cohort of women at high risk of fracture. Cortical sites seemed to be more susceptible to the exposure's effect. Introduction Environmental air pollution has been associated with disruption of bone health at a molecular level. Particulate matter (PM) exposure can simultaneously stimulate bone resorption and halt bone formation. The primary aim of the present study is to describe the association between long-term exposure to PM and osteoporosis in a large cohort of women at high risk of fracture. Methods Clinical, demographic, and densitometric data were extracted from the DeFRAcalc79 dataset, which gathers data on women at risk for osteoporosis. Data on the monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were retrieved from the Italian institute of environment protection and research (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, ISPRA). Generalized linear models with robust estimators were employed to determine the relationship between BMD and PM longterm exposure. Results A total 59,950 women from 110 Italian provinces were included in the study. PM 2.5 exposure was negatively associated with T-score levels at the femoral neck (β −0.005, 95 CI −0.007 to −0.003) and lumbar spine (β −0.003, 95% CI −0.006 to −0.001). Chronic exposure to PM2.5 above 25 μg/m 3 was associated with a 16% higher risk of having osteoporotic T-score at any site (aOR 1.161, 95% CI 1.105 to 1.220), and exposure to PM10 above 30 μg/m 3 was associated with a 15% higher risk of having osteoporotic T-score at any site (aOR 1.148, 95% CI 1.098 to 1.200). Conclusion Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with higher risk of osteoporosis. Femoral neck site seemed to be more susceptible to the detrimental effect of PM exposure than lumbar spine site. Key message Exposure to air pollution is associated with osteoporosis, mainly at femoral site.
Environmental Toxins Are a Major Cause of Bone Loss
Integrative medicine, 2021
The environmental metals cadmium, lead, and mercury, and chemicals such as pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenols, disrupt bone metabolism in many ways. Body levels of these toxins directly correlate, in a dose-dependent manner, with risk of fracture and osteoporosis. This editorial provides a brief summary of key research showing mechanisms of damage, sources, and key strategies to decrease body load.
Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
Air pollution is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which predispose to several chronic diseases in human. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity and progression of osteoporosis are directly associated with inflammation induced by air pollutants like particulate matter (PM). This systematic review examined the relationship between PM and bone health or fractures. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January until February 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Human cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies were considered. Of the 1500 papers identified, 14 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The air pollution index investigated by most studies were PM 2.5 and PM 10. Current studies demonstrated inconsistent associations between PM and osteoporosis risk or fractures, which may partly due to the heterogeneity in subjects' characteristics, study design and analysis. In conclusion, there is an inconclusive relationship between osteoporosis risk and fracture and PM exposures which require further validation.
The Lancet. Planetary health, 2017
Air particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous environmental exposure associated with oxidation, inflammation, and age-related chronic disease. Whether PM is associated with loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and risk of bone fractures is undetermined. We conducted two complementary studies of: (i) long-term PM <2.5 μm (PM) levels and osteoporosis-related fracture hospital admissions among 9.2 million Medicare enrollees of the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic United States between 2003-2010; (ii) long-term black carbon [BC] and PMlevels, serum calcium homeostasis biomarkers (parathyroid hormone, calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D), and annualized BMD reduction over a 8-year follow-up of 692 middle-aged (46.7±12.3 yrs), low-income BACH/Bone cohort participants. In the Medicare analysis, risk of bone fracture admissions at osteoporosis-related sites was greater in areas with higher PMlevels (Risk ratio [RR] 1.041, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.030, 1.051). This risk was particularly high among ...
Bone mineral density changes in relation to environmental PCB exposure
Environmental health …, 2008
Background Bone toxicity has been linked to organochlorine exposure following a few notable poisoning incidents, but epidemiologic studies in populations with environmental organochlorine exposure have yielded inconsistent results.Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether organochlorine exposure was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in a population 60–81 years of age (154 males, 167 females) living near the Baltic coast, close to a river contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).Methods We measured forearm BMD in participants using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; and we assessed low BMD using age- and sex-standardized Z-scores. We analyzed blood samples for five dioxin-like PCBs, the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs, and p,p′-dichloro-phenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE).Results In males, dioxin-like chlorobiphenyl (CB)-118 was negatively associated with BMD; the odds ratio for low BMD (Z-score less than −1) was 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.12) per 10 pg/mL CB-118. The sum of the three most abundant non-dioxin-like PCBs was positively associated with BMD, but not with a decreased risk of low BMD. In females, CB-118 was positively associated with BMD, but this congener did not influence the risk of low BMD in women.Conclusions Environmental organochlorine exposures experienced by this population sample since the 1930s in Sweden may have been sufficient to result in sex-specific changes in BMD.
JAMA Network Open, 2020
IMPORTANCE Air pollution is a major threat to global health. Osteoporosis is responsible for a substantial burden of disease globally and is expected to increase in prevalence because of population aging. Few studies have investigated the association between air pollution and bone health, and their findings were inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To quantify the association between ambient and household air pollution and bone mass in a sample of the general population in peri-urban India. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a population-based cross-sectional analysis of the Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study cohort, which recruited participants from 28 villages near Hyderabad, South India, during 2009 to 2012. Separate linear mixed models were fitted with nested random intercepts (household within villages) for each exposure-outcome pair and were sequentially adjusted for potential confounders. Data analysis was conducted between April 2019 and July 2019. EXPOSURES Annual mean ambient particulate matter air pollution less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5) and black carbon (BC) levels at the residence estimated by land-use regression and self-reported use of biomass cooking fuel. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was bone mineral content (BMC) measured in grams, corrected by bone area at the lumbar spine and left hip, as measured by dualenergy x-ray absorptiometry. The secondary outcome was bone mineral density measured in grams per centimeters squared. RESULTS A total of 3717 participants were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 35.7 [14.0] years; 1711 [46.0%] women). The annual mean (SD) PM 2.5 exposure was 32.8 (2.5) μg/m 3 , and the annual mean (SD) BC exposure was 2.5 (0.2) μg/m 3 ; 57.8% of participants used biomass cooking fuels. In fully adjusted models, PM 2.5 was associated with lower BMC in the spine (mean difference, −0.57 g per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 ; 95% CI, −1.06 to −0.07 g per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5) and hip (mean difference, −0.13 g per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 ; 95% CI, −0.3 to 0.03 g per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5). After confounder adjustment, exposure to PM 2.5 was also associated with lower bone mineral density in the spine (mean difference, −0.011 g/cm 2 per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 ; 95% CI, −0.021 to 0 g/cm 2 per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5) and hip (mean difference, −0.004 g/cm 2 per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 ; 95% CI, −0.008 to 0.001 g/cm 2 per 3 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5). Exposure to BC was associated with lower BMC in the spine (mean difference, −1.13 g per 1 μg/m 3 increase in BC; 95% CI, −2.81 to 0.54 g per 1 μg/m 3 increase in BC) and hip (mean difference, −0.35 g per 1 μg/m 3 increase in BC; 95% CI, −0.96 to 0.25 g per 1 μg/m 3 increase in BC), although the confidence intervals were wider. There was no association between biomass fuel use and spine BMC (mean difference, 0.12 g; 95% CI, −0.45 to 0.68 g).
International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2015
Negative associations between bone turnover markers and bone mineral density have been reported. In order to study the association between ambient air pollution and bone turnover markers, as indicators of bone loss, we investigated associations between land-use regression modeled air pollution (NO2, PM2.5 mass, PM2.5 - 10 [coarse particles], PM10 mass and PM2.5 absorbance) and bone turnover markers in 2264 children aged 10 years. Serum osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), measured by Modular-System (Roche), were the two bone turnover markers considered in this analysis. In total population, NO2, PM2.5 - 10 and PM10 mass exposure were positively and significantly associated with both osteocalcin and CTx. A 2.5 (95% CI: 0.6, 4.4) ng/ml increase in osteocalcin and a 24.0 (95% CI: 6.7, 41.3) ng/L increase in CTx were observed per IQR (6.7μg/m(3)) increase in NO2, independent of socioeconomic status, sex, age, pubertal status, fasting status and total physical...
Phthalate Exposure and Long-Term Epigenomic Consequences: A Review
Frontiers in Genetics, 2020
Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid which are used in cosmetics and other daily personal care products. They are also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics to increase durability and plasticity. Phthalates are not present in plastics by covalent bonds and thus can easily leach into the environment and enter the human body by dermal absorption, ingestion, or inhalation. Several in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that phthalates can act as endocrine disruptors and cause moderate reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, phthalates can pass through the placental barrier and affect the developing fetus. Thus, phthalates have ubiquitous presence in food and environment with potential adverse health effects in humans. This review focusses on studies conducted in the field of toxicogenomics of phthalates and discusses possible transgenerational and multigenerational effects caused by phthalate exposure during any point of the life-cycle.