Electrophoresis in the Separation of Biological Macromolecules (original) (raw)
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Cell suspension cultures of higher plants: Isolation and growth energetics
Experimental Cell Research, 1964
THE application of microbiological techniques to higher plants via the cell suspension technique is potentially useful in studying almost all aspects of plant metabolism. Thus recent work bears out Haberlandt's [12] prediction that cell suspension cultures would allow the experimental study of many important problems from a new vantage point. For example, the primary cell wall-part instrument, part result of morphogenesis-as the major component of the cell and the ultimate site of auxin action, is uniquely visible from such a vantage point. Cell suspension cultures allow a study of the primary cell wall from the novel consideration that the wall is a "cell particle" possessing structural integrity and a certain degree of enzymic autonomy [17-21]' Or consider the study of organised development in cultured carrot cells. It is reported [41] that" ... cells withdrawri from the phloem of the storage carrot root and which have passed through many transfers in which they were reduced to the single cellular state, have developed into cell aggregates, which have, in turn, differentiated to form roots and, when transplanted, have given rise also to shoots and to a secondarily thickened storage carrot root." These workers do not indicate whether they obtained a single cell clone by the "nurse" tissue technique [28-29] before finally "reconstituting" an entire carrot plant. Despite the usefulness of the cell suspension technique, it is surprising ,1 to note how little the technique has been used for metabolic studies since its introduction by Nickell [31]. The technique's main advantage is the ease with which the fairly large amount of an optically homogeneous, rapidly growing and metabolically active pipeiiable tissue can be grown and used intact or homogenised. The use of sycamore cell suspension cultures, for instance, led to the demonstration of a specific hydroxyproline-rich cell wall protein (provisionally named "extensiu") which may be involved in the control of cell wall extension [17-21]. Some aspects of hydroxyproline bio
Experiments in plant tissue culture
USA, 1985
The second edition of Experiments in Plant Tissue Culture makes available much new information that has resulted from recent advances in the applications of plant tissue culture tech niques to agriculture and industry. This laboratory text fea tures an enlarged section on terminology and definitions as well as additional information on equipment and facilities. Also included is a nonexperimental section on two special topics: virus eradication and plant tumors and genetic engi neering.
Biochemical and molecular basis of differentiation in plant tissue culture
Current Science, 1998
The present report summarizes and compares the effects of three cell cycle inhibitors, viz. aphidicolin, hydroxyurea and mimosine, in inducing synchronization of a rapidly proliferating suspension culture of carrot. These treatments efficiently synchronized the cell cycle as the doubling time of the cell population was roughly equal to the total length of one cell cycle. Protoplasts derived from mimosine treated cell suspension culture wen! resolved via flow cytometry to get an idea of the temporal organization of the cell cycle events. The biochemical analysis showed a rise in stage specific activity of glyoxalase I, an auxin inducible marker enzyme. activated at G2-M. This activity peak could be shifted to an early phase of interphase in response to auxin treatment.
Biologia Plantarum, 1992
substances in a period of four weeks, one week prior to transfer and on transferring to hormone free media was investigated using callus forming explants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. vat. capitata) hypocotyl explants. Different uptake of both labelled substances was observed prior to visible organogenesis, i.e. prior to transferring onto hormone free media. This suggests that this process is connected with an increase of sucrose and auxin (NAA) uptake. A more detailed study on the uptake of age of cabbage hypocotyl explant on the uptake of labelled sucrose revealed that the uptake of 14C-sucrose increases up to the age of 12 d of the donor plant. During this period the difference in uptake was obvious between explants of different capacity of organogenesis. The results indicate that the process of organ initiation affects the whole metabolism of culture resulting in an increase in both substances uder study. More intensive uptake of 14C-NAA compared to 14C-sucrose suggests that the process is selective as early as in the period prior to visible organogenesis.
Secondary product formation in plant cell cultures
Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1987
2. Properties of plant cell cultures, 105s 2.1 Cell suspension cultures, 105s 2.2 Immobilized plant cell cultures, 109s 3. Plant organ cultures and secondary product formation, 110s 4. Conclusions, 113s 5. Acknowledgements, 11 3s 6. References, 1 1 3s
Adjustments to in Vitro Culture Conditions and Associated Anomalies in Plants
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica, 2016
Plant tissue culture techniques have become an integral part of progress in plant science research due to the opportunity offered for close study of detailed plant development with applications in food production through crop improvement, secondary metabolites production and conservation of species. Because the techniques involve growing plants under controlled conditions different from their natural outdoor environment, the plants need adjustments in physiology, anatomy and metabolism for successful
Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks, 1995
The productivity of a cell culture for the production of a secondary metabolite is defined by three factors: specific growth rate, specific product formation rate, and biomass concentration during production. The effect of scaling-up from shake flask to bioreactor on growth and production and the effect of increasing the biomass concentration were investigated for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. Growth of biomass was not affected by the type of culture vessel. Growth, carbohydrate storage, glucose and oxygen consumption, and the carbon dioxide production could be predicted rather well by a structured model with the internal phosphate and the external glucose concentration as the controlling factors. The production of ajmalicine on production medium in a shake flask was not reproduced in a bioreactor. The production could be restored by creating a gas regime in the bioreactor comparable to that in a shake flask. Increasing the biomass concentration both in a shake flask and in a stirred fermenter decreased the ajmalicine production rate. This effect could be removed partly by controlling the oxygen concentration in the more dense culture at 85% air saturation.
Primary and Secondary Metabolism of Plants and Cell Cultures III
Springer eBooks, 1995
The productivity of a cell culture for the production of a secondary metabolite is defined by three factors: specific growth rate, specific product formation rate, and biomass concentration during production. The effect of scaling-up from shake flask to bioreactor on growth and production and the effect of increasing the biomass concentration were investigated for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions. Growth of biomass was not affected by the type of culture vessel. Growth, carbohydrate storage, glucose and oxygen consumption, and the carbon dioxide production could be predicted rather well by a structured model with the internal phosphate and the external glucose concentration as the controlling factors. The production of ajmalicine on production medium in a shake flask was not reproduced in a bioreactor. The production could be restored by creating a gas regime in the bioreactor comparable to that in a shake flask. Increasing the biomass concentration both in a shake flask and in a stirred fermenter decreased the ajmalicine production rate. This effect could be removed partly by controlling the oxygen concentration in the more dense culture at 85% air saturation.
Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology
Principles and Practice, 2009
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