ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous MW Eco-Friendly Protocol for Amino Group Protection (original) (raw)

Atmospheric Deposition and Element Accumulation in Moss Sampled across Germany 1990–2015: Trends and Relevance for Ecological Integrity and Human Health

Atmosphere, 2021

Deposition of N and heavy metals can impact ecological and human health. This state-of-the-art review addresses spatial and temporal trends of atmospheric deposition as monitored by element accumulation in moss and compares heavy metals Critical Loads for protecting human health and ecosystem’s integrity with modelled deposition. The element accumulation due to deposition was measured at up to 1026 sites collected across Germany 1990–2015. The deposition data were derived from chemical transport modelling and evaluated with regard to Critical Loads published in relevant legal regulations. The moss data indicate declining nitrogen and HM deposition. Ecosystem and human health Critical Loads for As, Ni, Zn, and Cr were not exceeded in Germany 2009–2011. Respective Critical Loads were exceeded by Hg and Pb inputs, especially in the low rainfall regions with forest coverage. The Critical Load for Cu was exceeded by atmospheric deposition in 2010 in two regions. Human health Critical Loa...

New GABA modulators protect photoreceptor cells from light-induced degeneration in mouse models

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2018

No clinically approved therapies are currently available that prevent the onset of photoreceptor death in retinal degeneration. Signaling between retinal neurons is regulated by the release and uptake of neurotransmitters, wherein GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter. In this work, novel 3-chloropropiophenone derivatives and the clinical anticonvulsants tiagabine and vigabatrin were tested to modulate GABA signaling and protect against light-induced retinal degeneration. Abca4Rdh8mice, an accelerated model of retinal degeneration, were exposed to intense light after prophylactic injections of one of these compounds. Imaging and functional assessments of the retina indicated that these compounds successfully protected photoreceptor cells from degeneration to maintain a full-visual-field response. Furthermore, these compounds demonstrated a strong safety profile in wild-type mice and did not compromise visual function or damage the retina, despite repeated administration. Thes...

Assessing the relevance of atmospheric heavy metal deposition with regard to ecosystem integrity and human health in Germany

Environmental Sciences Europe, 2021

BackgroundThe critical values for heavy metal fluxes for protecting the human health and ecosystem’s integrity in Germany, especially the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG in Gesetz zum Schutz vor schädlichen Umwelteinwirkungen durch Luftverunreinigungen, Geräusche, Erschütterungen und ähnliche Vorgänge (Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz-BImSchG), 1974/2020) with its implementing ordinances (especially the 39th BImSchV in Neununddreißigste Verordnung zur Durchführung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes Verordnung über Luftqualitätsstandards und Emissionshöchstmengen vom 2. August 2010, zuletzt geändert durch Art. 2 V v. 18.7.2018 I 1222, 2010, 2018), the Federal Soil Protection Ordinance (BBodSchV in Bundes-Bodenschutz- und Altlastenverordnung (BBodSchV) (GBBl. I S. 1554 vom 12. Juli 1999, zuletzt durch Artikel 3 Absatz 4 der Verordnung vom 27. September 2017 (BGBl. I S. 3465) ge-ändert, 1999/2015) and the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (Luft in Erste Allgemeine Verw...

Air-exposure behavior: a restricted or a common conduct among intertidal hermit crabs?

Nauplius, 2020

A new behavior related to shell care was recently reported for the intertidal hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus (Latreille, 1818) in the Gulf of Cádiz (southwestern Europe). It also has been observed in other species of the diogenid genera Clibanarius Dana, 1952, and Calcinus Dana, 1951, however, it has not been described as an active behavior. In the present study, intertidal hermit crabs from different species and localities were sampled to assess if air-exposure is a shell cleaning behavior restricted to some species of intertidal hermit crabs or if it is a more generalized behavior among species inhabiting intertidal habitats. The results revealed that air-exposure is an active behavior in species of Clibanarius and Calcinus, since we observed it also in Clibanarius albidigitus Nobili, 1901, and Calcinus obscurus Stimpson, 1859, from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, although not in other intertidal species studied by us. We found interspecific differences in tolerance to physical stress of emerged hermit crabs. This air-exposure tolerance can be interpreted as a physiological adaptation to desiccation stress and is also related to the shell type they inhabit. Also, we provide additional features and details of the air-exposure behavior, combining observations of the first description in 2015 with our new field observations.

Should negatory action against immissions be reformed in the light of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the right to live in a healthy environment?

Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine

In this paper, the authors rely on the results of scientific research based on which they concluded that although there are notable differences between the Croatian national regulation of immission protection and the one provided by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and taking into account the role of the Convention (the principle of subsidiarity), it is not inconceivable that protecting this right (which all states are obligated to protect) strengthens the position of the authorized national representative for negatory protection (e.g., the possibility of determining the basis relevant for negatory action in a less complex way; removing discrepancies, such as, for example, the requirement that proprietary legal protection of ownership and other proprietary rights against immissions is preceded by protections pursuant to special regulations, etc.). In this light, the authors analyse recent Convention case-law and compare the regulat...

Faculty of 1000 evaluation for A comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of leading oxime therapies in guinea pigs exposed to organophosphorus chemical warfare agents or pesticides

F1000 - Post-publication peer review of the biomedical literature, 2014

The currently fielded pre-hospital therapeutic regimen for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in the United States (U.S.) is the administration of atropine in combination with an oxime antidote (2-PAM Cl) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Depending on clinical symptoms, an anticonvulsant, e.g., diazepam, may also be administered. Unfortunately, 2-PAM Cl does not offer sufficient protection across the range of OP threat agents, and there is some question as to whether it is the most effective oxime compound available. The objective of the present study is to identify an oxime antidote, under standardized and comparable conditions, that offers protection at the FDA approved human equivalent dose (HED) of 2-PAM Cl against tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), cyclosarin (GF), and VX, and the pesticides paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon, and phorate oxon. Male Hartley guinea pigs were subcutaneously challenged

ONLINE DATA PRIVACY REGULATIONS IN CHILE AND AUSTRALIA: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

2018

Privacy is still a right protected by international conventions and some domestic laws. However, it seems that data protection is not efficient in the Internet. Personal data presently has an increasing economic value, due to the spreading new and affordable technology and profuse use of social media, the amount of personal information available and generated is significantly growing each moment. Nonetheless, this easy-access technology provides several challenges for the Law to preserve data protection. In the Inter-net, it is difficult to enforce a practical legal framework, especially to enforce the law and cross-border flow of personal information. The discussion will be focused on a description of data protection regimes in Australia and Chile, both legal frameworks, and a critical review, particularly in the online environment. Then we will provide an overview of the international approach for cross-border personal data flow, the efforts for harmonisation and addressing the necessity of data protection authorities with appropriate faculties. Lastly, we will conclude that both Australian and Chilean systems are not entirely efficient in the Internet environment, and address some proposals to improve these legal regimes.

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Frontiers in immunology, 2018

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health issue reported as the second illness in mortality among all tropical diseases. Clinical trials have shown that protection against VL is associated with robust T cell responses, especially those producing IFN-γ. Theamastigote 2 (A2) protein has been repeatedly described as immunogenic and protective against VL in different animal models; it is recognized by human T cells, and it is also commercially available in a vaccine formulation containing saponin against canine VL. Moving toward a more appropriate formulation for human vaccination, here, we tested a new optimized version of the recombinant protein (rA2), designed forexpression, in combination with adjuvants that have been approved for human use. Moreover, aiming at improving the cellular immune response triggered by rA2, we generated a recombinant live vaccine vector usingCL-14 non-virulent strain, named CL-14 A2. Mice immunized with respective rA2, adsorbed in Alum/CpG B297,...

Australian Exceptionalism: Temporary Protection and the Rights of Refugees

Melbourne Journal of International Law, 2015

CONTENTS I Temporary Protection and the Refugee Convention II The Development of Temporary Protection in International Law and Practice III Temporary Protection Australian Style A The Evolution of Temporary Protection Schemes in Australia B Controlled Protection: The 'Temporary Safe Haven' Concept C Playing Games with Names: Recent Initiatives to Reintroduce Temporary Protection D The Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Act 2014 (Cth) IV Towards a Convention-Compliant Temporary Protection Regime A Australia's Use of Temporary Protection is Exceptional B The Content of Refugee Rights Following the passage of the Migration and Maritime Powers Legislation Amendment (Resolving the Asylum Legacy Caseload) Act 2014 (Cth) ("Legacy Caseload Act') in December 2014, Australia once again has acquired a formal temporary protection regime for persons recognised as refugees. This article addresses the contested issue of h...