[Application of image processing technique in scoliosis detection] (original) (raw)
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A computer vision system for diagnosing scoliosis using moiré images
Computers in Biology and Medicine, 1996
For young people, scoliosis deformities are an evolving process which must be detected and treated as early as possible. The moiré technique is simple, inexpensive, not aggressive and especially convenient for detecting spinal deformations. Doctors make their diagnosis by analysing the symmetry of fringes obtained by such techniques. In this paper, we present a computer vision system for help diagnosing spinal deformations using noisy moiré images of the human back. The approach adopted in this paper consists in extracting fringe contours from moiré images, then localizing some anatomical features (the spinal column, lumbar hollow and shoulder-blades) which are crucial for 3D surface generation that is carried out using Mota's relaxation operator. Finally, rules furnished by doctors are used to derive the kind of the spinal deformation and to yield the diagnosis. The proposed system has been tested on a set of noisy moiré images, and the experimental results have shown its robustness and reliability for the recognition of most scoliosis deformities.
Cobb Angle Quantification for Scoliosis using Image Processing Techniques
IJCA Proceedings on International Conference on Recent Advances and Future Trends in Information Technology (iRAFIT 2012), 2012
Measurement of Cobb angle is the standard technique used for scoliosis assessment. The challenging task in computerized method lies in totally automating the method of curvature measurement from digital X-ray images. In this paper we presented a method which automatically measures the Cobb angle from radiographs after selection of the end vertebrae of the curve. The image processing methods used shows an appreciable measurement of scoliosis curvature in digital Xray image, reducing user intervention. The proposed method detects the inclination of the vertebra by identifying the lines of the endplate from edge image, helping in calculating the Cobb angle in the direction of the endplates automatically. An intra-observer and inter-observer assessment was performed over the radiographs using the manual and the proposed digital method. A level of improvement for Cobb angle measurement is achieved in the proposed computerized image processing technique in terms of estimating the vertebral slope and limiting user intervention.
Spinal deformity refers to a range of disorders that are defined by anomalous curvature of the spine and may be classified as scoliosis, lordosis, or kyphosis. Among these, scoliosis stands out as the most common type of spinal deformity in human beings, and it can be distinguished by abnormal lateral spine curvature accompanied by axial rotation. Accurate identification of spinal deformity is crucial for a person's diagnosis, and numerous assessment methods have been developed by researchers. Therefore, the present study aims to systematically review recent works on spinal deformity as-assessment for scoliosis diagnosis, utilizing image processing techniques. To gather relevant studies, a search strategy was conducted on three electronic databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed) between 2012 and 2022, using specific keywords and focusing on scoliosis cases. A total of 17 papers fully satisfied the established criteria and were extensively evaluated. Despite variations in me...
IJERT-A Method for Enhancing The Images for Early Detection of Scoliosis
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2021
https://www.ijert.org/a-method-for-enhancing-the-images-for-early-detection-of-scoliosis https://www.ijert.org/research/a-method-for-enhancing-the-images-for-early-detection-of-scoliosis-IJERTCONV9IS07023.pdf Methodical analysis of features of spinal canal is important for early diagnosis of diseases that affect spine. Main issues with CT images are that they have poor illumining. In this paper, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE) method is used to improve the poor illumination. Finally, the spinal canal is segmented and the shape is determined. So with minimum effort and time, accurate diagnosis of spinal curvature disorder can be found. This proposed method can accurately extract and analyse features from CT Sagittal images and will help in the early diagnosis of the disease. Scoliosis is an unusual horizontal bend of the spine. It is regularly analysed in youth or early immaturity. Indications of scoliosis, when they do show up, can go from an absolutely restorative deformation to gentle inconvenience to hazardous breathing interruptions. Fortunately, most cases are effectively correctable. By far most of individuals with scoliosis-with a little information and the assistance of spine trained professionals-will not allow the condition to back them off. The key inquiry identified with scoliosis is that how a little deformation, which doesn't need treatment, winds up as a huge disfigurement with careful mediation as time progress. In basic cases, it might require spinal fusion surgical procedure, which may have a post-activity inconvenience as it influences the spinal flexibleness. It is essential to distinguish which minor deformations will ultimately bring about significant disfigurements. To examine the minor distortions, automated segmentation of the spine is needed, as the bigger scope perspective on the spinal picture can't viably help in the finding of minor disfigurements in the spinal column. In the proposed framework for pre-preparing, we utilize CLAHE for picture improvement.
Scoliosis testing features on the basis of electronically generated moire patterns
2010 IEEE 8th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI), 2010
The Dept. of Mechatronics, Optics and Information Engineering, within the project team, had built an electronic moire equipment to visualize and diagnose scoliosis. The device generates a computerized moire phenomenon, which can be viewed and save for later examination. The applicability of the system was tested with statistical method from the moire patterns, which was created by the prototype device. The results of the calculations-to determine the rate of scoliosis by moire patterns-are promising and comparable with X-ray examinations.
Virtually and Depth Sensor Generated Moire Pictures in Screening and Treatment of Scoliosis
Optics, 2015
In this paper, different moiré picture generation techniques are presented. This paper presents the basics of moiré effects, a virtual way of moiré generation, depth sensor based moiré picture generation and usage. One of the most common advantages of these methods is rapidity. The computer generated moiré pictures provide an opportunity of screening diagnosis. The depth sensor generated moiré fringes are precise and easy to process. A neural network based reconstruction of vertebral supports both the screening diagnosis and the treatment of scoliosis.
Automatic extraction of the 3D symmetry line of back surface: application on scoliotic adolescents
2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2018
We propose a new method to extract automatically the symmetry line of the 3D back surface of patients affected by scoliosis. Our method is based on the detection of local symmetry planes computed on thick layers of the back. Results have been obtained on a sample of 112 scoliotic adolescents and we compare the symmetry line obtained by our method with a reference line defined by clinicians. We also study the influence of the scoliosis severity and of the Body Mass Index on the results.
A new system for measuring three-dimensional back shape in scoliosis
European Spine Journal, 2008
The aim of this work was to develop a low-cost automated system to measure the three-dimensional shape of the back in patients with scoliosis. The resulting system uses structured light to illuminate a patient's back from an angle while a digital photograph is taken. The height of the surface is calculated using Fourier transform profilometry with an accuracy of ±1 mm. The surface is related to body axes using bony landmarks on the back that have been palpated and marked with small coloured stickers prior to photographing. Clinical parameters are calculated automatically and presented to the user on a monitor and as a printed report. All data are stored in a database. The database can be interrogated and successive measurements plotted for monitoring the deformity changes. The system developed uses inexpensive hardware and open source software. Accurate surface topography can help the clinician to measure spinal deformity at baseline and monitor changes over time. It can help the patients and their families to assess deformity. Above all it reduces the dependence on serial radiography and reduces radiation exposure when monitoring spinal deformity.
Computer-aided Measurement System Using Image Processing for Measuring Cobb Angle in Scoliosis
Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies, 2021
Background: One of the spine deformities is scoliosis, and Cobb angle is generally used to assess it. Objectives: In this study, a computer-aided measurement system (CAMS) was presented as a new repeatable and reproducible approach to assess the Cobb angle in idiopathic scoliosis patients. Methods: Python libraries, including OpenCV and Numpy were used for image processing and design of the software. To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the CAMS, a series of 98 anterior-posterior radiographs from patients with idiopathic scoliosis were used. Assessments were done by five independent observers. Each radiograph was assessed by each observer three times with a minimum break of two weeks among assessment. The single measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the mean absolute difference (MAD), and the standard error measurement (SEM) values were used for intra- and inter-observer reliability. Results: The inter-observer analysis indicated that the ICCs ranged from 0...
International Archives of …, 2000
Back disease is a very common illness among the young people, nowadays. Scoliosis, especially, is appearing during the growth of the human skeleton and it is usually accompanied with other deformations like kyphosis and lordosis. The deformation is changing rapidly while the patient is growing and a continuous monitoring of its progress is essential in order to achieve the best possible treatment. So far the most reliable method for the diagnosis and monitoring of the illness is the radiograph examination. However the radiograph is a dangerous and destructive examination and it should not be repeated frequently. An attempt has been made for the automatic extraction of the 3D surface model from digital images of the human back with the use of video cameras connected to a typical PC-based computer. The configuration of the automated system consists of three video cameras, (for blunder detection and consistency checks purposes) capturing the image of the human back from three different positions, having a distance of about 1.5-2.5m from the object. The cameras' resolution is rather low (768x576) using 6mm camera lenses. The method is using epipolar image matching techniques in order to find conjugate points and reconstruct the back surface. The cost of the system is rather low. The hardware cost does not exceed the amount of 3.500$. The system has been designed for use of non-expert personnel and most of the procedures are fully automated.