Relationship between myofascial pain and facial types: an observational study (original) (raw)
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Health Psychology Report, 2018
health psychology report • volume 6(3), 8 original article background Dysfunctions in the face, due to the psychological importance of the structures in the face and head, have long been a subject of interest for researchers exploring issues concerning health-related quality of life. The surprising results of previous clinical trials for myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome of the temporomandibular joints encouraged the present authors to plan a study focused on obtaining systematic knowledge of the issue. participants and procedure The study included 26 patients of the Masticatory System Disorders Laboratory of the Dental Prosthetic Clinic at the Jagiellonian University Medical College diagnosed with the painful form of muscle-related functional masticatory organ disorders. The study was part of a larger research project. The data to be analysed for this article was obtained in the course of a single questionnaire survey conducted prior to the start of the treatment process. results The results showed the quantitative characteristics of pain experiences in the clinical group, observed in the context of the circadian dynamics, psychophysical factors, and the location of pain, as well as their quality characteristics. The analyses showed negative covariances of the quality of life perceived by patients and the length of periods without pain, pain intensifying factors, and emotional image of pain. The strongest pain experienced by the patients negatively correlated with the quality of life related to the sphere of physical pain and mental distress, whereas the weakest pain correlated with the quality of life related to the social sphere. The lower quality of life occurred together with the frontal, zygomatic, mental, parotideomasseteric, and occipital region. conclusions It is necessary to further analyse the issue on a larger sample in order to explain and clarify the obtained results.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2012
In this study, relevant cases were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who were diagnosed as suffering from myofascial pain only according to the research diagnostic criteria ⁄ temporomandibular disorders (RDC ⁄ TMD) criteria, in order to examine whether or not they could fulfil the American Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP) diagnostic criteria for TMD-related masticatory muscle disorders. One hundred and twenty-seven patients, diagnosed according to the RDC ⁄ TMD criteria as having myofascial pain with or without limited jaw opening only, were allocated to two groups according to their answers to the RDC ⁄ TMD 'jaw disability checklist'. The two groups were compared for Axis I and II data taken from the RDC ⁄ TMD questionnaire. Thirty-eight of the patients (29AE9%) did not associate their symptoms with jaw functions (e.g. chewing and yawning). This group was characterised by increased range of motion (ROM) and older average age. The AAOP diagnostic criteria for TMD require pain on function in all subtypes of TMD-related muscle disorders. An association between pain and jaw function is common and research is needed to determine whether this should be categorised differently to muscle pain unrelated to jaw function. There may well be different pathophysiological mechanisms and consequently different management strategies for these two pain conditions.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2014
Background: Subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have rarely been studied by age group. We aimed to compare self-reported pain intensity, sleeping difficulty, and treatment outcomes of patients with myofascial TMDs among three age groups. Methods: The study population included 179 consecutive patients (151 women and 28 men) who underwent comprehensive clinical examinations at a university-based orofacial pain center. They were classified into myofascial pain subgroups based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. They were stratified by age group: M1, under 20 years; M2, 20-39 years; and M3, 40 years and older. The patients scored their pretreatment symptoms (first visit) and post-treatment symptoms (last visit) on a form composed of three items that assessed pain intensity and one item that assessed sleeping difficulty. Their treatment options (i.e., pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and orthopedic appliances) and duration were recorded. All variables were compared between sexes in each group and between the age groups by using the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi-square test, and analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results: No significant sex differences were found in any age group. Only sleeping difficulty was significantly different before treatment (p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed in the treatment options or treatment duration. After treatment, the intensity of jaw/face pain and headache and sleeping difficulty was significantly reduced in groups M2 and M3, but only the intensity of jaw/face pain was significantly decreased in group M1. The changes in the scores of pain intensity and sleeping difficulty were not different between the groups. Conclusions: Pain intensity does not differ by age group, but older patients with myofascial TMDs had greater sleeping difficulties. However, there were no differences between the age groups in the treatment outcomes. Clinicians should carefully consider the age-related characteristics of patients with myofascial TMDs when developing appropriate management strategies.
Characteristics and Distribution of Facial Pain Related to Dental Conditions
Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research, 2019
The head face, temporomandibular joint, and the maxillary and the mandibular muscles consist of the trigeminal system and hence the pain is more prevalent in these structures. The orofacial pain affects the patient's quality of life dramatically. In order to manage the orofacial pain disorders, the clinician need to be familiar with different types of etiologies and characteristics of facial region. In order to attain safe and best therapeutic results, the trigeminal system plays a significant role. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at evaluation of prevalence and characteristics of dental orofacial pain. The Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) questionnaire was disseminated online, limiting participants to those who resided in Saudi Arabia. A total of 226 participants completed the survey. Axis I related disorders were diagnosed in 195 patients, whereas Axis II related disorders were diagnosed in 36 of patients. This study showed high prevalence rate and an immense range in pain intensity with commensurate and often significant impact on the quality of life. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/ TMD), has been widely used globally to estimate prevalences of TMD. Additional research is necessary to establish comprehensive classification schemes for all patients with orofacial pain.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Among temporomandibular disorder classifications, masticatory muscles myofascial pain is the most frequent. Its multifactorial etiology makes its treatment difficult. Identifying other painful sites related to temporomandibular disorders may help controlling comorbidities and, as a consequence, improving their symptoms. This study aimed at evaluating the presence of body pain in temporomandibular disorder patients, the frequency of such reports and their location. METHODS: We have evaluated 328 medical charts of the Dental Research Center São Leopoldo Mandic, with diagnosis of muscular temporomandibular disorder. Patients were evaluated by means of a body map to locate pain complaints. RESULTS: From 328 analyzed medical charts, 180 (55%) had body pain (160 females, 20 males), and 148 (45%) had facial pain only (116 females, 32 males). Areas with most frequent pain reports were cervical, lumbar and shoulders. Females had more body pain (with pain n=160, without pain n=116, p<0.001) as compared to males (with pain n=20, without pain n=32) with statistical difference. In most cases pain has affected both body sides (bilateral face 67%, bilateral body 92%). CONCLUSION: Most patients with temporomandibular disorder had pain in body parts different from the face. Regions marked in human body drawings with more pain were cervical followed by lumbar and shoulders.
Revista CEFAC, 2018
Purpose: to evaluate the pain threshold upon palpation of the masticatory muscles in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted involving the evaluation of pain threshold upon palpation of the extraoral muscles (temporal, masseter, posterior mandibular region, submandibular region) and intraoral muscles (lateral pterygoid area and temporal tendon) in women using the RDC/TMD clinical examination. Results: 60 women were evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found among the muscles evaluated regarding the pain threshold. The lateral pterygoid area, bilaterally, had the lowest pain threshold, followed by the masseter and temporal muscles. Conclusion: this study suggests that the lateral pterygoid muscle, bilaterally, has the lowest pain threshold upon palpation among the masticatory muscles, followed by masseter and temporal muscles, in ...
Painful Temporomandibular Disorder
Journal of Dental Research
In 2006, the OPPERA project (Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment) set out to identify risk factors for development of painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A decade later, this review summarizes its key findings. At 4 US study sites, OPPERA recruited and examined 3,258 community-based TMD-free adults assessing genetic and phenotypic measures of biological, psychosocial, clinical, and health status characteristics. During follow-up, 4% of participants per annum developed clinically verified TMD, although that was a “symptom iceberg” when compared with the 19% annual rate of facial pain symptoms. The most influential predictors of clinical TMD were simple checklists of comorbid health conditions and nonpainful orofacial symptoms. Self-reports of jaw parafunction were markedly stronger predictors than corresponding examiner assessments. The strongest psychosocial predictor was frequency of somatic symptoms, although not somatic reactivity. Pressure pain thres...
Importance of evaluating the presence of temporomandibular disorders in chronic pain patients
Revista Dor, 2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic pain patients have lower pain threshold, thus having pain in other parts of the body. This study aimed at evaluating the presence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with chronic pain in different parts of the body comparing them to a pain-free control group. In addition, we tried to determine which group had more temporomandibular disorder symptoms and myofascial changes in masticatory muscles. METHODS: Sample was made up of 180 individuals divided in 2 groups, being 90 patients with chronic pain in different parts of the body: study group, and 90 pain-free patients: control group. The questionnaire proposed by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain was used to diagnose temporomandibular disorder symptoms. A directed and validated physical evaluation was performed. Analyses were done to determine the frequency of temporomandibular symptoms both in the control group and the study group, and the presence of muscular temporomandibular disorders in both groups. RESULTS: Among chronic pain patients, 70% had temporomandibular disorder symptoms and in the control group they were 55%. Patients with symptoms were physically evaluated and it was observed that 45% had masticatory muscles myofascial pain as compared to 28% in the control group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorder symptoms and masticatory muscles pain was higher among chronic pain patients as compared to the control group and should be taken into consideration when the proposal is to evaluate and control all pains of such patients.
Revista CEFAC
Purpose: to investigate the possible association between the severity of the temporomandibular disorder, cervical pain, and mandibular function impairment. Methods: is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, conducted with 32 individuals with temporomandibular disorder, categorized by degree of severity, according to the Fonseca Index. Using the diagnosis criteria for temporomandibular disorder, the likely etiological factors for the disorder were established, as well as the intensity of the functional disability, resulting from cervical pain and of the mandibular impairment. The data obtained were statistically treated, adopting the significance level of 5%. Results: the mean age was 33.8 years, 90.6% being females. As for the degree of disorder, 56.3% presented severe TMD, followed by 28.1% showing a moderate one. The myogenic etiology was present in 93.7% of the patients. Cervical pain was present in 90.6% of them, of which, 59.4% presented a mild disability, and 25%, a moderate on...