A Study on Prevalence of Thyroid Function Disorders Amongst The Population of Barpeta District, Assam (original) (raw)
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Introduction: WHO in 2004 has classified India as having optimal iodine nutrition. Despite this India has large burden of thyroid disease, Hypothyroidism is the commonest endocrine disease Autoimmune thyroiditis is an emerging cause for increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism in the population. This study was done to find out the current trend in the prevalence of undetected hypothyroidism in central Kerala, study the risk factors associated with prevalence of hypothyroidism and to determine the Anti TPO antibody titres among those found to have undetected hypothyroidism. Methods: This was adescriptive (cross sectional) study: Total of 935 subjects including patients, relatives, students, staff and other volunteers of the age group 20-70 years, ina Govt. Medical College, meeting the inclusion criteria (resident of Ernakulam for 5 years) excluding pregnant and post-partum women, history of thyroid surgery/disease/radiation exposure, severe illness, intake of drugs affecting thyroid, and malignancies, were tested for TSH values. In 44 subjects of 157 with raised TSH, Anti TPO antibody titres were assessed. Results: Total of935 adults were screened, between the ages of 18-70 years. Out of 935 subjects, 157 had raised TSH (16.7%). Only 44 of them could be followed up for further antibody (Anti TPO)testing. Of the 44 (out of 157) hypothyroid study subjects who were tested, 42(95.5%)had raised antibody titres suggestive of autoimmune thyroiditis which is highly significant. Interpretation and Conclusion: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be higher than studies done in similar population, previously. The study showed an increased prevalence of undetected hypothyroidism in midlife(41-50 yrs. of age) with higher prevalence in females (19.2%).Most of the subjects who were tested for Anti TPO antibodies were found to be having raised Anti TPO antibody titre suggestive of autoimmune thyroiditis .It has been reported as one of the leading causes for hypothyroidism. There is a large and increasing number of undetected hypothyroidism in the population, affecting the wellbeing, work efficiency and productivity of the community, despite iodine sufficiency. Hypothyroidism being an easily tested and treated condition, larger population based screening studies need to be undertaken.
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2014
Background: Significant incidence of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, has been reported in Kashmir Valley of India. There is a paucity of studies that assessed the presence of thyroid dysfunction in various age groups of people in Srinagar. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the local population who visit the outpatient department of Ramakrishna Mission Clinic at Srinagar. Materials and Methods: This work is a cross-sectional study carried out for 18 months. The study subjects were the patients who attended outpatient department of Ramakrishna Mission Clinic; patients referred by private practitioners of Srinagar and adjoining areas. The data were from those subjects who got thyroid function tests done for the first time. Thyroid function was assessed by clinical examination and thyroid function tests (T3, T4, and TSH). Results: The total number of subjects tested for thyroid function was 612 of which 120 were men and 492 were women. Total prevalence of thyroid disorders in the study population was 40.36% (247 of 612). Of the total 247 subjects with thyroid disorders, 17.8% were men (44) and 81.2% were women (203). Overall prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 33% (206 of 612); prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 5% (31 of 612); and prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 1.6% (10 of 612). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in Kashmir population, and subclinical hypothyroidism is the most prevalent thyroid disorder. In females, maximum prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is seen in the reproductive age group.
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
Appropriate treatment of hypothyroidism requires accurate diagnosis. This registry aimed to study the disease profile and treatment paradigm in hypothyroid patients in India. We registered 1500 newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve, adult hypothyroid males and nonpregnant females across 33 centers and collected relevant data from medical records. The first analysis report on baseline data is presented here. The mean age of the study population was 41.1 ± 14.01 years with a female to male ratio of 7:3. The most frequently reported symptoms and signs were fatigue (60.17%) and weight gain with poor appetite (36.22%). Menstrual abnormalities were reported in all women (n = 730) who had not attained menopause. Grades 1 and 2 goiter (as per the WHO) were observed in 15.41% and 3.27% patients, respectively. Comorbidities were reported in 545 patients (36.36%), type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent (13.54%) followed by hypertension (11.34%). Total serum thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-sti...
THYROID DISORDERS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE IN EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH.
International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019
Background: Thyroid hormone abnormalities are the commonest endocrine disorder in India, but there is scarcity of data on the status of thyroid disorders in this part of eastern Uttar Pradesh of India. Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical profile and associated co-morbidities of thyroid disorders in Prayagraj and nearby areas. Methods and Materials: A hospital based, cross sectional study was conducted at MLN Medical College and Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Prayagraj. Patients visiting the medicine out-patient department (OPD) and in-patient department (IPD) were included if they had clinical suspicion of thyroid dysfunction. Clinical features of the 783 recruited patients were noted. Thyroid profile consisting of Tri-iodothyronin (T3), Thyroxin (T4) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were tested in all. Investigations were also carried out to look for the co-morbidities associated with hypothyroidism. Results: Out of the 783 patients tested, 626 were females and 157 were males. 190 patients were found to have thyroid function abnormalities, 29 having subclinical hypothyroidism, 145 were overt hypothyroidism and 16 having hyperthyroidism. There was a high prevalence of goitre (43.75%) among patients of hyperthyroidism. The clinical feature of patients with hypo and hyperthyroidism was similar to other reported studies. Fatigue (70.38%) being the most common symptom in patients of overt hypothyroidism while palpitation (75%) was the most common presentation in patients of hyperthyroidism. A host of co-morbidities was observed along with thyroid dysfunction; anemia (n=47) was the most common followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=33). Conclusion: Higher prevalence of hypothyroidism was observed in patients (especially females) in their third to fourth decade of life. Goiter is more frequent finding in patients of hyperthyroidism. The findings also support the indication of thyroid hormone screening during third decade of life and afterwards.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism among patients of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh - A hospital based study
International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 2013
Background: Hypothyroidism is a widespread thyroid problem, but there are no reports on the incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism in this part of our country, that is western UP. Aims & Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in Meerut and nearby areas. Material and Methods: This retrospective hospital based study involved 4739 patients having undergone thyroid function assay, in the central clinical biochemistry laboratory of Subharti Medical College and its associated hospital. These patients were evaluated for thyroid hormonal assay-tri iodo thyronine (T3), tetra iodo thyronine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by Mini Vidas auto analyzer using enzyme linked fluorescent assay technique. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 17 software. Results: Our study shows high prevalence of abnormal thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism was 8.2% & subclinical hypothyroidism was 8.4%) with female preponderance. Conclusion: The study has defined thyroid function status in thyroid patients of Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (U.P). Higher prevalence of hypothyroidism was observed in patients (especially females) in their second & third decade of life. The findings also supports the usefulness of screening of thyroid function compulsory after age of 30 years, for early detection and treatment to reduce the ill effects of thyroid dysfunctions.
Free Thyroid Hormones in Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Its Preponderance in Jammu Region
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.5\_Issue.7\_July2018/Abstract\_IJRR0019.html, 2018
Hypothyroidism is one of the commonest endocrine disorders. Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by increased thyroid stimulating hormone levels and normal free T3 and free T4 levels. It is more common in females than males. Its prevalence varies with population, race, region, age, and sex, the presence of auto antibodies to thyroid hormone and method of TSH estimation. It is interrelated with various disease conditions like cardiovascular diseases, hip fractures, cognitive dysfunctions and pulmonary complications and in women, it is related with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, increased incidence of preeclampsia. The present study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry with the aim to find out the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. It was observed that out of 500 patients included in the study, 24.4% have subclinical hypothyroidism which includes 18% females and 6.4% males. Thus, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is much more in females. Hence, future studies which include the thyroid antibodies should be done to find the exact reason behind this preponderance of thyroid disorder in women.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2013
Risk assessment, Thyroid function, Nepal Objective: To know the status of thyroid disorder in population of far western region of Nepal. Methods: A total of 808 cases (133 men and 675 non pregnant women) were included and study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital between 1st January, 2011 and 28th February, 2012. The variables collected were age, sex, and thyroid function profile including free T3, free T4 and TSH. Results: The percentage of thyroid disorders was 33.66% in far western region of Nepal. The people were highly affected by overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). The subclinical hypothyroidism was 7.9% while 1% overt hypothyroidism only in a far western region of Nepal. Females were highly affected by overt hyperthyroidism (17.8%), followed by subclinical hyperthyroidism (11.9%). A total of 5.9% females were affected by subclinical hypothyroidism while only 1.2% by overt hypothyroidism. Males were affected only by subclinical hypothyroidism (18.0%) in this present study. High number of total thyroid dysfunction was observed in 21 to 40 years of age groups, followed by 41 to 60 years of age groups. Less than 40 years people were having 1.03, 0.99, 2.51 and 1.15 times risk of developing overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism respectively compared to greater than 40. Female were having 0.29 times risk of developing subclinical hyperthyroidism compared to male. But overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt hypothyroidism female were having more risk of developing compared to male. Conclusions: The thyroid disorder, especially overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%) was high. Further studies are required to characterize the reasons for this high prevalence.
Thyroid Function Status in Indian Adult Nonpregnant Females in Ranchi, India
Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry
Aim Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine diseases in India. Thyroid disorders are more common in women than in men and contribute to significant morbidity. In this postiodization era, there is paucity of pan-Indian data of thyroid disorder status among adult nonpregnant women. This study was done to analyze the thyroid hormone levels in women of Jharkhand region, which is traditionally known to be an iodine-deficient area. Materials and methods Three hundred and forty nonpregnant adult females in Ranchi area who were consuming iodized salt formed part of the study group. Clinical evaluation was done by a gynecologist pertaining to thyroid illness. Thyroid function tests encompassing triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were carried out by quantitative enzyme immunoassay method. Thyroid status of the population was defined as per kit reference range. Results Subjects with age range 20 to 67 years were divided into three groups as per clinical...
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2016
Endocrine disorders are common amongst Indian population, out of which thyroid disorders represent an important subset of these endocrine disorders. According to western literature, around 50% of people in the community have microscopic nodules, 5% women have overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, 15% have palpable goitre, 3.5% have occult papillary carcinoma & 10% demonstrate an abnormal TSH level. 1 The prevalence of these thyroid disorders varies widely according to geographical distribution, diet and nutrition, and patient population. According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid disease. 2 Thyroid diseases are different from other diseases in terms of their ease of diagnosis, accessibility of medical treatment and relative visibility that even a ABSTRACT Background: Endocrine disorders are common amongst Indian population, out of which thyroid disorders represent an important subset of these endocrine disorders. According to a projection from various studies on thyroid disease, it has been estimated that about 42 million people in India suffer from thyroid disease. Hypothyroidism in young women is linked to menstrual irregularities, polycystic ovaries and infertility. Also, several studies have highlighted the importance of diagnosing and treating hypothyroidism in pregnancy. So, this study was done to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in young women attending college who are going to become pregnant in future. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in government PG girls college of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, from October 2015 to December 2015 (3 months). The study population was the college girls in the age group 17-25 years. After taking permission from principal of the college, a survey was conducted on 249 students of M.L.B Girls College, Bhopal using a semi-structured questionnaire. It was followed by clinical examination of 249 girls and recognizing the high risk group by Zulewski's Scoring Criteria for thyroid dysfunction. Those who were having score of >5 points were taken for TSH estimation to confirm the diagnosis. Girls with history of hypothyroidism and receiving treatment were also included to calculate the prevalence. The data thus obtained was tabulated and analysis was done using MS Excel 2013. Results: Out of 249 girls, 32 girls have score >5. Thus, prevalence by clinical score came out to be 11%. Prevalence by TSH estimation came out to be 7.63%. Conclusions: Since prevalence of hypothyroidism in the college going age group came out to be 7.6% in our study, which is quite prominent and who are destined to conceive in the years to come, hence thyroid screening should be included in medical checkup in all colleges.
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2016
BACKGROUND Sub-clinically hypo-functioning thyroid is a condition in which there is biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism but patient is clinically asymptomatic. This concept is not new. The typical picture of this condition is increased thyroid stimulating hormone and normal thyroxine levels. Subclinical hypothyroidism has been found to have variable prevalence ranging from 4-10% to 10- 26%. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted on 378 adult patients coming to outpatient department of District Headquarter Hospital Abbottabad over a period of two years from February 2013 to February 2015. RESULTS Out of the 378 individuals studied, 37 (9.78%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. Mean age of the patients was 43.5±10.5 years. Females outnumbered males, i.e., 24 out of 37 (65%). It was noted that there was no correlation between mean TSH level and gender or age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism is not an uncommon condition and its diagnosis is established e...