Spice Oils for the Control of Co-Occurring Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi (original) (raw)

Abstract

The effect of nine different oils was evaluated on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium moniliforme. The experimental design to examine the inhibition of mycotoxins involved the incorporation of each of seven oils into broth and patty cultures. The fungal mycotoxin was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clove oil (eugenol) was the most inhibitory to the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, followed by cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde), oregano (thymol and carvacol) and mace oils (myristin). Neem and eucalyptus oil (cineole) did not affect fungal growth. The feasibility of implementing the results of this study to control mycotoxin toxicity was examined by costoring whole and ground cloves with mycotoxin-infected grain. Addition of both whole and ground cloves markedly reduced the aflatoxin contamination of the grain. These results clearly suggest that commonly occurring mycotoxigenic fungi can be controlled with clove oil (eugenol), thus spice oil su...

Figures (20)

inhibition of growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

inhibition of growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

parasiticus growth

parasiticus growth

Table 1.5: Levels of fumonisins associated with high incidence of human oesophagea 1.3.1. Physical and chemical properties of the fumonisins

Table 1.5: Levels of fumonisins associated with high incidence of human oesophagea 1.3.1. Physical and chemical properties of the fumonisins

The structural similarity of fumonisins with sphingolipids has led to the hypothesis that

The structural similarity of fumonisins with sphingolipids has led to the hypothesis that

Figure 1.6: Disruption of the sphingolipid pathway by fumonisins. ceramide synthases (sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase) (Riley et al., 1993).

Figure 1.6: Disruption of the sphingolipid pathway by fumonisins. ceramide synthases (sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferase) (Riley et al., 1993).

Aspergillus parasiticus in SMKY broth culture determined by thin layer chromatography A TLC plate showing the effect of varying concentrations (0.2-2.0 ppm) of clove oil on Table 3.4: Minimum inhibitory concentration of clove oil for aflatoxin production by

Aspergillus parasiticus in SMKY broth culture determined by thin layer chromatography A TLC plate showing the effect of varying concentrations (0.2-2.0 ppm) of clove oil on Table 3.4: Minimum inhibitory concentration of clove oil for aflatoxin production by

Figure 3.9: HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxin standards showing retention times for AFG2, AFG), AFB: and AFB, respectively. in very large quantity compared to the other three aflatoxins which were 43 ppm for AFB), 34 the fungus. All four aflatoxins were produced but in varying concentrations, with AFG, produced

Figure 3.9: HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxin standards showing retention times for AFG2, AFG), AFB: and AFB, respectively. in very large quantity compared to the other three aflatoxins which were 43 ppm for AFB), 34 the fungus. All four aflatoxins were produced but in varying concentrations, with AFG, produced

Figure 3.10; HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxins AFG, , AFG, AFB, and AFB, produced by Aspergillus parasiticus grown in SMKY broth containing no spice oil (control). Figure 3.10: HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxins AFG,, AFG,, AFB, and AFB, produced by Aspergillus parasiticus grown in SMKY broth containing no spice oil (control). found that all the toxins eluted out earlier for the next few runs. This was most probably due tc

Figure 3.10; HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxins AFG, , AFG, AFB, and AFB, produced by Aspergillus parasiticus grown in SMKY broth containing no spice oil (control). Figure 3.10: HPLC chromatogram of aflatoxins AFG,, AFG,, AFB, and AFB, produced by Aspergillus parasiticus grown in SMKY broth containing no spice oil (control). found that all the toxins eluted out earlier for the next few runs. This was most probably due tc

approximately a third less AFG, and 5 times less AFB; and AFB2 than AFG;. Th

approximately a third less AFG, and 5 times less AFB; and AFB2 than AFG;. Th

Aflatoxin concentrations are mean values of 2 results.

Aflatoxin concentrations are mean values of 2 results.

Aspergillus parasiticus in SMKY broth

Aspergillus parasiticus in SMKY broth

List of common and botanical names of spices

List of common and botanical names of spices

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