Influence of Extraction Techniques and Solvents on the Antioxidant and Biological Potential of Different Parts of Scorzonera undulata (original) (raw)
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Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Scorzonera Species
2013
Scorzonera species (Asteraceae) are mainly used as vegetables and medicinal plants in Europe and in Turkey. Current study is aimed to evaluate antioxidant capacities of Scorzonera species and characterize the phytochemical content of tested extracts to determine the responsible compounds. Superoxide anion scavenging method was used to determine antioxidant activities. Chemical composition of the tested extracts was also investigated by RP-HPLC method using phenolic acid and flavonoid standards. All extracts exhibited significant scavenger activity against superoxide anion radical. The highest inhibitory activity was observed with S. parviflora root extract with IC50=2.25 mg/mL value. Hyperoside and rutin were found to be in the extracts from the aerial parts and chlorogenic acid was detected in all the extracts investigated.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 2015
Background. Phenolic compounds were extracted and isolated from S. undulata roots. Methods. Sample of roots from E. hirta was tested for phenolic compounds, and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ABTS, FRAP and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method. Results. The methanolic fraction exhibited the highest total phenol content (6.12 ±0.11 mg AGE/g DW). On the other hand, the highest fl avonoids concentration was observed in ethyl acetate fraction (2.90 ±0.05 mg CE/g DW) in addition to anthocyanins (28.56 ±3.96 mg/l). Besides, the highest level of tannins content was measured in the polar aprotic solvent ethyl acetate extract (3.25 ±0.06 mg CE/g DW). The different extracts of S. undulata were evaluated for their radical scavenging activities by means of the DPPH assay. The strongest scavenging activity was observed in methanolic fraction scavenged radicals effectively with IC 50 values of 0.14 ±0.02 mg/ml. Similarly, the potassium ferricyanide reduction (FRAP) and ABTS •+ of methanol extract. On the other hand, the total reducing power of ethyl acetate extract was found higher than of other extracts. This paper presents the application of the design-of experiment method for optimizing the extraction of phenolic content using methanol solvent. The resulting regression model has shown that the effect of temperature is not statistically signifi cant (with >95% certainty), while that of agitation speed is. The two main effects are contributed by the solvent concentration and the maceration period. Conclusion. Our results clearly showed that the extraction of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant capacity is signifi cantly affected by solvent combinations. S. undulata presented the highest total phenolic content, total fl avonoids content and antioxidant capacity values. The resulting regression model has shown that the effect of temperature is not statistically signifi cant (with >95% certainty), while that of agitation speed is.
South African Journal of Botany, 2020
The genus Scorzonera contains important plants as traditional drugs and foods. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects of the root and aerial part of Scorzonera hispanica L. (S. hispanica) extracts. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 0-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays and the enzyme inhibitory properties were assessed against acetyl-(AChE) and butyryl-cholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, a-amylase and a-glucosidase. The results showed that the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts possessed the highest phenol and flavonoid contents. The methanolic aerial part extract represented the highest antioxidant properties (FRAP: 58.41 §1.55; CUPRAC: 126.18 §0.94; DPPH: 47.92 §0.07; ABTS: 71.69 §0.03 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g) compared to the root extracts. The root extract significantly depressed AChE (2.64 §0.02 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), BChE (5.36 §0.45 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g), tyrosinase (60.36 §0.23 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), a-amylase (0.61 §0.01 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) and a-glucosidase (0.82 §0.01 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) enzymes. Liquid chromatography hyphenated with photodiode-array detection and tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS n) analysis revealed phytochemical fingerprint of the two part of the plant and the most abundant constituents were rutin and orientin for aerial parts, 3,5 and 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acids for roots respectively. This is the first report gathering scientific data on antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory activities and phytochemical composition of S. hispanica. Thus, this research can be used as one methodological starting point for further investigation on this plant.
The phenolic profile and biological activities of common Scorzonera species from Eastern Anatolia
International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 2022
The present study focused on chemical composition and base therapeutic potential of common three Scorzonera species (Scorzonera mollis M.Bieb. subsp. mollis, Scorzonera papposa DC. and Scorzonera semicana DC), which have been utilized as food and medicine by local people of Eastern Anatolia for a long time. Comparative analytical studies were performed on ethanol-based extracts and traditional preparations (infusions) through chromatographic (HPLC-MS/MS) and reagent-based antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. Results revealed that leaf extracts were rich in phenolics, particularly hydroxycinnamic acids that were confirmed by HPLC-MS/MS, chlorogenic acids and luteolin were the major phytochemical compounds of extracts. With regards to biological activities findings, it was determined that ethanol-based extracts showed better antioxidant activities and effectively suppressed the activities of α-glucosidase. In addition, both of the extracts were found as strong suppressive agents of pancreatic lipase activity so Scorzonera species were rich sources of bioactive compounds that able to deactivate reactive oxygen species and free radicals and as well as suppress the activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. Finally, obtained findings reveal base data of Scorzonera species for researches that focused on novel candidates of nutraceuticals and biotherapeutics.
Antioxidant and in vitro wound healing activities of Scorzonera veratrifolia
Toxicology Letters, 2016
The ancient Mediterranean genus Scorzonera L. is a member of the family Asteraceae, subfamily Liguliflorae, tribe Cichorieae. About 160 species of the genus are widely distributed in Eurasia, Central Asia and Africa. Turkey is considered as a diversity centre for the genus with its 52 species, 31 of which are endemic (Altınordu et al. 2015; Coşkunçelebi et al. 2015). Some Scorzonera species have been used as a vegetable (raw or cooked).
Members of Scorzonera genus are known for their potential application in both food and pharmaceutical industries. The present study reports the chemical component and bioactivity of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol and infused extracts of Scorzonera hieraciifolia Hayek aerial parts and roots. The methanolic extracts of both aerial parts and roots were good sources of total phenolic and flavonoid content. For the aerial parts, the infused and methanolic extracts showed highest (p < 0.05) free radical scavenging (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)), reducing (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC))and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and metal chelating capacities. Whilst, for the root extracts, overall most remarkable free scavenging and reducing activity was observed for the methanolic extracts (p < 0.05) while the hexane extracts showed highest metal chelating activity. The inhibitory activity of the extracts was evaluated against key enzymes. Overall, the hexane extracts of both aerial parts (acetylcholinesterase (AChE): 2.27 ± 0.04 and butyrlcholinesterase (BChE): 5.75 ± 0.48 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g) and roots (AChE: 2.44 ± 0.35 and BChE: 53.17 ± 0.22 mg GALAE/g) were most potent against AChE and BChE, suggesting a role for the more lipophilic compounds in this regard. The highest inhibitory activity against tyrosinase was displayed by methanolic extracts of aerial parts (64.70 ± 0.26 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g) and roots (63.63 ± 0.20 mg KAE/g). Modest activity was observed against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, two major enzymes implicated in the pathology of diabetes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed the presence of 40 compounds such as caffeic, ursolic, betulinic and oleanolic acid and their derivatives in the studied extracts. Multivariate analysis showed that the biological activities were dependent on the plant parts used as well as on the type of solvent used. Overall, the results showed that S. hieraciifolia is a valuable source of phytochemicals for both the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2014
Context: Scorzonera L. species (Asteraceae) are edible and as medicinal plants are used for various purposed in folk medicine. Objective: The methanol extracts of the aerial parts and roots from 27 Scorzonera taxa were investigated for their possible neurobiological effects. Materials and methods: Inhibitory potential of the Scorzonera species was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYRO) at 100 mg mL À1 using ELISA microtiter assay. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested with radical scavenging activity, metal-chelation capacity, ferric-(FRAP), and phosphomolibdenumreducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, and scorzotomentosin-4-O-b-glucoside were also screened in the same manner. Total phenol and flavonoid quantification in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The aerial parts of Scorzonera pisidica (40.25 AE 0.74%) and chlorogenic acid (46.97 AE 0.82%) displayed the highest TYRO inhibition, while the remaining samples showed only trivial inhibition against cholinesterases (2.08 AE 1.35%-25.32 AE 1.37%).
Industrial Crops and Products, 2020
Scorzonera tomentosa L. (family Asteraceae), endemic to Turkey is reputed for its medicinal attributes in the folkloric medicine. However, only few studies on the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have been published so far. In this direction, this study aimed to shed light on the phenolic composition, antioxidant and key enzyme inhibitory properties of S. tomentosa aerial parts and roots extracts prepared using different solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, water and methanol). Overall, the methanolic extracts and the infusion of both plant parts were better sources of total polyphenolics with 40.33 and 39.30 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, respectively, while for the aerial parts, 22.42 and 21.84 mg GAE/g were measured for methanolic extract and root infusion, respectively. Extracts of the aerial parts showed considerable amount of total flavonoid content (2.96-34.93 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g) as compared with the root extract (0.40-2.65 mg RE/g), with highest content observed in methanolic extract. For this reason, the methanolic extract of roots and aerial parts were subjected to liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS n) analysis. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of both plant parts proved to be most significant radical quenchers (1.05-45.89 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay; and 1.82-82.94 mg TE/g in 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay) and reducing agents (39.40-164.06 mg TE/g in cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 15.54-79.78 mg TE/g in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). The dichloromethane extracts were significant metal chelators (13.92 and 6.24 mg ethylenediaminetetraacetate equivalent (EDTAE)/g for aerial parts and roots). Extracts of both plant parts showed selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Notable anti-tyrosinase activity was observed for all the extracts (aerial part: 16.40 ± 1.30-64.83 ± 0.28 and roots: 6.29 ± 0.50-65.46 ± 0.31 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g), while modest inhibitory activity against α-amylase (0.08−0.61 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) and α-glucosidase (0.09−0.83 mmol ACAE/g) for all the tested extracts. In addition, to provide the first scientific insight on the biological and chemical profile of S. tomentosa, observations from this present study tend to identify this plant as a valuable source of biologically active molecules for possible phytopharmaceutical and cosmeceuticals exploitation.