Ophthalmic considerations in pregnancy (original) (raw)
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A review of the changes in the ophthalmic and visual system in pregnancy
African Journal of Reproductive Health, 2008
Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally, permanent. It may be associated with the development of new ocular conditions, or can exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions. Adnexial changes include chloasma, spider angiomas and ptosis. Anterior segment changes include a decrease in conjunctival capillaries and an increase in the granularity of conjunctival venules and in corneal curvature, changes in corneal thickness, refractive index, accommodation and refractive errors, and a decrease in intraocular pressure. Posterior segment changes include worsening of diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, increased risk of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophies and retinal detachment, and a beneficial effect on non-infectious uveitis. Systemic disorders of importance include preeclampsia, Graves dis...
Ophthalmic associations in pregnancy
Australian Journal of General Practice, 2020
Background A range of ocular pathology exists during pregnancy. Some pre-existing eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, can be exacerbated during pregnancy. Other conditions manifest for the first time during pregnancy as a result of complications such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Early recognition and understanding of the management of ophthalmic conditions is crucial. Objective The aim of this article is to discuss the physiological and pathological changes in the eyes of pregnant women. Pathological changes are subdivided into: 1) pre-existing eye conditions modified during pregnancy, 2) pathological conditions occurring for the first time and 3) ophthalmic associations due to complications in pregnancy. Discussion This article reviews the ophthalmic conditions that can manifest during pregnancy and discusses their pathophysiology and clinical implications. Recognition, history and examination of ophthalmic conditions and a diagnostic framework for referral are provided. Fundamental multidisciplinary care principles involving the primary care physician, ophthalmologist, rheumatologist or haematologist and obstetrician in the care of the pregnant patient are discussed.
Pregnancy induced ocular changes
Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System
Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally permanent. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions. The ophthalmological manifestations occurring during pregnancy may be pre-existing before pregnancy or may be aggravated or induced by pregnancy itself. Irrespective of the visual health status of the pregnant women, regular perinatal eye examination should be scheduled in order to assure continuous surveillance of healthy eyes. Careful surveillance for appropriate and timely diagnosis is imperative for understanding management. The aim of this review is to elaborate the physiological and pathological changes occurring in the eye during pregnancy and the needful management.
[Ocular changes during pregnancy]
Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia
Pregnancy can cause several alterations in human eye function in healthy condition as well in ocular disease; these effects on the eyes are divided into three categories: physiologic alterations, ocular diseases changes already existing before the pregnancy, and pathological alterations. The present text proposes a bibliographical revision on the theme. The authors researched PubMed (MEDLINE) and LILACS databases.
The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 2006
Changes in metabolism, hormone profile and blood circulation that normally occur during pregnancy can affect functioning of the mother's eyes. Visual changes in pregnancy are common and many are specifically associated with pregnancy itself. Knowledge of these ocular changes can help to differentiate the physiological changes from ocular manifestation of systemic disease and diseases pertaining to the eye in a pregnant woman. The effects of pregnancy on the eye are reviewed in this article.
A Narrative Review of the Complex Relationship between Pregnancy and Eye Changes
Diagnostics, 2021
Pregnancy is a condition often characterized by changes that occur in different parts of the body. Generally, the eyes suffer several changes during pregnancy that are usually transient but may become permanent at times. This may occur due to the release of placental hormones and those of maternal endocrine glands and fetal adrenal glands. Due to hormonal influences, physiological ocular changes during pregnancy have been shown in Caucasian women, so corneal sensitivity, refractive status, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity may change during pregnancy. Within this review, all studies that referred to physiological aspects and to changes of ocular pathology of pregnancy, the effect of the pregnancy on pre-existing (diabetic retinopathy, neuro-ophthalmic disorders) eye disorders, postpartum ocular changes, the intraocular pressure and the effect of hypotensive ophthalmic medicine during pregnancy, the connection between pregnancy and the neuro-ophthalmic pathology, as well as the...
Ocular manifestations of pregnancy and labour: from the innocuous to the sight threatening
The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 2020
Key content Pregnancy may precipitate several physiological changes that can have ocular consequences; many of these are innocuous and require little more than reassurance for the patient. There are uncommon instances of new sight‐threatening pathology that necessitate a prompt approach. Pregnant women presenting to the ophthalmologist with ocular symptoms can cause concern because alternative differentials may need to be considered; and the potential teratogenic or fetotoxic effects of investigations or treatment mean that management decisions may, in some cases, differ to those of the nonpregnant patient. Learning objectives To be aware of both physiological and pathological ocular changes that may occur during pregnancy. To develop a greater understanding of investigations and management of ophthalmic and neuro‐ophthalmic disorders in pregnancy. To develop an understanding of referral pathways, enabling an optimal outcome for both mother and baby.
Study of Ocular Changes in Pregnancy
The Journal of medical research, 2016
Introduction: In pregnancy, women undergo a tremendous number of systemic and ocular changes. Physiological changes occur in the cardiovascular, hormonal, metabolic, hematologic and immunologic systems. Hormonal changes are among the most prominent systemic changes in pregnant women with the placenta, maternal endocrine glands and the fetal adrenal glands combining their productivity to make a high-powered hormone factory. Aims: To evaluate the various ocular changes taking place in pregnancy in women with no other co-morbid ocular or systemic diseases and to compare ocular changes in three trimesters of pregnancy with controls of non pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The ocular changes occuring in varying stages of pregnancy in 225 pregnant women were studied and compared with 75 healthy non pregnant women. Results: Age was similar in the pregnant and non pregnant women studied. Headache was significantly more common among pregnant women when compared to non pregnant women. Di...
Collegium antropologicum, 2013
Hormonal, metabolic, hemodynamic, vascular and immunological changes that occur during pregnancy can affect the function of the eye. These changes are commonly transient, but in some cases they may be permanent and have consequences even after childbirth. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological and can be associated with the development of new ocular pathology or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions. The most common physiological changes are alterations of corneal sensitivity and thickness, decreased tolerance to contact lenses, decreased intraocular pressure, hemeralopia and refractive errors. Possible posterior segment changes include worsening of diabetic retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, increased risk of peripheral vitreochorioretinal dystrophies and retinal detachment. Thus, it should be kept in mind that the presence of any ocular symptoms in a pregnant woman requires ophthalmologic examination and further management.
Pregnancy-associated Retinal Diseases and Their Management
Survey of Ophthalmology, 2013
Pregnancy-associated retinal diseases are conditions that may occur uniquely in pregnancy or, more commonly, general conditions that may worsen or alter during pregnancy as a result of hematologic, hormonal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and immunologic changes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is by far the most common retinal condition that is altered by pregnancy. However, there are currently no widely accepted, precise clinical guidelines regarding its management during pregnancy. At present it is not possible to predict who will regress and who will progress without treatment. Some of the variation in progression of DR in pregnancy may be a result of well-known risk factors such as hypertension or inadequate glycemic control prior to pregnancy. Other pregnancy-associated retinal diseases are relatively uncommon, and their treatments are poorly characterized. Pre-existing conditions include the white dot syndromes, such as punctuate inner choroidopathy and ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, as well as chorioretinal neovascularization from many other etiologies. Retinal and chorioretinal disorders that can arise during pregnancy include central serous chorioretinopathy and occlusive vasculopathy such as retinal artery occlusion (Purtschers-like retinopathy) and retinal vein occlusion. There remains a small group that appear to be unique to pregnancy, with pre-eclampsia--and eclampsia-associated retinopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, or amniotic fluid embolism being the best described. In angiogenic retinal diseases outside of pregnancy, the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF agents) has proven helpful. There are no safety data about the use of anti-VEGF agents during pregnancy, and conventionally the proposed interventions have been laser photocoagulation and systemic or intravitreal injections of steroids. Most of the literature on the treatment of pregnancy associated--chorioretinal neovascularization is anecdotal. (Surv Ophthalmol 58:127--142, 2013. Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)