Inhibition of Soybean 15-Lipoxygenase and Human 5-Lipoxygenase by Extracts of Leaves, Stem Bark, Phenols and Catechols Isolated From Lithraea caustica (Anacardiaceae) (original) (raw)
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Advances in Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2018
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthesis of inflammatory mediators known as leukotrienes which are responsible for asthma, allergic inflammation and innate immunity. This paper reports the evaluation of 30 species of Malaysian plant extracts potential in inhibiting 5-LO activity. Five plant extracts exhibited >80% inhibition against 5-LO activity which include Phyllanthus watsonii, Euphorbia hirta, Anacardium occidentale, Acalypha wilkensiana and Piper betle. Nine plant extracts exhibited moderate value of inhibition (79-40%), while sixteen others exhibited <40% inhibition. From the screening work via inhibition of 5-LO activity, P. watsonii showed the highest inhibition with value of 97.3%, followed by E. hirta with 90.9% inhibition. Both plant extracts were further fractioned using organic solvent which include Dichloromethane (DCM), Ethyl Acetate (EA) and Butanol (BuOH) for evaluation of their inhibiting effects on 5-LO activity. For P. watsonii, DCM fraction exhibited the highest value with 75% inhibition, while for E. hirta, EA fraction exhibited the highest value of 72.5% inhibition. Both active fractions were further subjected to isolation and purification work in order to identify the major compounds. Subsequently, four major compounds managed to be isolated and purified which further identified as quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (E2), 26-nor-D: A-friedoolean-14-en-3β-ol (PW1) and glochidonol (PW2) using spectroscopic technique and their data comparison with literature.
Lipoxygenase Inhibition by Plant Extracts
Biomolecules
Lipoxygenases are widespread enzymes that catalyze oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid) to produce hydroperoxides. Lipoxygenase reactions can be desirable, but also lipoxygenases can react in undesirable ways. Most of the products of lipoxygenase reactions are aromatic compounds that can affect food properties, especially during long-term storage. Lipoxygenase action on unsaturated fatty acids could result in off-flavor/off-odor development, causing food spoilage. In addition, lipoxygenases are present in the human body and play an important role in stimulation of inflammatory reactions. Inflammation is linked to many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarized recent research on plant families and species that can inhibit lipoxygenase activity.
Screening Brazilian plant species for in vitro inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase
Phytomedicine, 2000
Plants from the Brazilian flora were evaluated for the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. The species were selected based on their traditional use and on a chemosystematic approach. In total, 19 species belonging to 13 families have been investigated. Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig (Zingiberaceae), Xylopia [rutescens Aubl. (Annonaceae) and Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae) presented a high 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Some hypothesis about the nature of the active compounds are discussed, based on reports of the chemical constitution of these species or other species from the same botanical family.
Lipoxygenase inhibiting activity of some Malaysian plants
Pharmaceutical …, 2009
In this study 160 plant samples representing more than 30 plant families collected from the Malaysian forests were assessed for their ability to inhibit lipoxygenase activity. The lipoxygenase inhibiting activity was measured using the 96-well microplate-based ferric oxidation of xylenol orange (FOX) assay. The screening parameters, including z' factor, indicated that the assay method adopted was robust and suitable for high-throughput screening. In the preliminary screen, four plant extracts displayed inhibitory activity of 70% or higher. The active plant extracts were isolated from Agelaea borneensis Merr. (Connaraceae) (bark) (IC50, 1.6 μg/mL), Chisocheton polyandrus Merr. (Meliaceae) (bark) (3 μg/mL), Garcinia cuspidata King (Guttiferae) (bark) (28.3 μg/mL) and Timonius flavescens Baker (Rubiaceae) (leaf) (8.9 μg/mL).
Evaluation of the effect of Castanea sativa extracts on lipoxygenase activity
Plant Science Today
Lipoxygenase LOX is a lipolysis enzyme that oxidises unsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic and linoleic acids to form unhealthy chemicals such as dienes, leukotrienes and malondialdehyde in advanced oxidation, which is harmful to cells. In this study, the polyphenols and saponins compounds were extracted from Castanea sativa using Soxhlet for 3 days. Colourimetric and HPLC techniques were used to identify polyphenols and saponins in the extracts respectively. The effects of these extracts were evaluated on LOX activity, which was purified from the liver of Iraqi Cows (AL-Sharabi Cows) as well as on E. coli and Pseudomonas bacteria resistance. According to the LOX purification procedures, the specific activity increased from 0.001 to 0.03 U/mg with a purification fold of 30 times and a yield percentage of 174. Gallic acid 7.72 mg, Rutin 29.25 mg, Quercetin 27.6 mg, kaempferol 34.42 mg, Apigenin 5.25 mg and Catechin 25.8 mg/100 gm of Castanea fruit was obtained. The inhibitory effe...
Hayati Journal of Biosciences, 2022
Pteridophytes of ferns have been used for several purposes, particularly as an agent to cure diseases in folk medicines. Blechnum occidentale L., one of the ferns in Brazil, was used to cure inflammation, urinary infection, liver disease, and pulmonary disease (Nonato et al. 2009). Adiantum genus was used to cure respiratory problems such as dyspnea, cough, asthma, tuberculosis, and cleansing respiratory (Dehdari and Hajimehdipoor 2018; Hendawy 2021). Dicranopteris linearis is used for laxative and antibacterial in asthma in Kumaun Himalaya, while Davallia solida and Microsorum scolopendria were applied to relieve sore throat and asthma in Polynesia (Ho et al. 2010). Asthma is one of the airway inflammatory diseases that commonly attack many people. The imbalance of enzymes induced over secretion of mediator inflammation such as leukotrienes. Leukotriene is a product of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway that functions as a proinflammatory mediator of bronchoconstriction in hypersensitivity diseases like asthma (Hallstrand and Henderson 2010). This leukotriene can be reduced by inhibiting the activity of lipoxygenase. In mammals, LOX is classified into 5, 8, 12, and 15. Enzyme 15-LOX is present in epithelial and non-epithelial cells and contributes to human airways injury (Mabalirajan et al. 2013; Elefteriadis and Dekker 2016). Since 15-LOX has a major role in airway inflammation regulation, novel 15-LOX inhibitors are pursued. This study examines the extract and fraction of Blechnum orientale found in Indonesia as a 15-LOX inhibitor. The active fraction was further purified to isolate the major compounds of Blechnum orientale. In silico study was performed to get insight into the mechanism of isolate compound against 15-LOX.
Evaluation of anti-lipoxygenase activity of Cassia fistula linn leaves using in vitro methods
International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 2018
Inflammation or phlogosis is a pathophysiological response of our living tissues to various injuries that can lead to local accumulation of plasmatic fluids and blood cells. Inflammatory diseases are a main cause of morbidity of the working population, throughout the world. Although it is a defence mechanism taking part in the inflammatory reaction, it can induce, maintain or aggravate many diseases. 1 Cassia fistula linn belonging to family Caesalpiniaceae has been used for years, traditionally, by tribals and locals in India for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions like the diseases of the heart, leprosy, inflammation, as antipyretic, in rheumatism, in kapha, skin diseases, liver complaints, diseases of the eye, throat trouble and chest complaints. 2 Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the leaves as carried out andthe presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and phenolics were detected. Cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase are the two enzymes involved in the process of inflammation. Cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase willact on arachidonic acid converting them to prostaglandins and lipid hydroperoxide products, which are the inflammatory mediators. Inhibition of these inflammatory enzymes would help to control the process of inflammation. 3,4 Most of the studies are carried to test if ABSTRACT Background: Numerous plants are claimed to possess anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents in folk medicine, however, one among them is Cassia fistula linn leaves. The tree is 6-9 m high with straight trunk and smooth bark. It is pale green when young and gets rough and dark when old. The leaves are 23-30cm long and have got 4-8 pairs of oblong leaflets. Due to lack of specific scientific reports regarding its use for its anti-lipoxygenase property, this particular plant was selected for this particular study with the aim to bring scientific evidence for its therapeutic use. Methods: The anti-lipoxygenase study as carried by using 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX) assay and 12-lipoxygenase(12-LOX) assay. In both the methods, absorbance of various concentrations of the tests and the control solutions were measured at 234nm. Results: Preliminary phytochemical study showed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, tannins and phenolics. It was found that both the 5-LOX and 12-LOX were inhibited by the extract with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6.23mg/ml obtained for the 5-LOX assay and an IC50 of 3.22mg/ml attained for the 12-LOX assay. Conclusions: The methanolic extract of the plant's leaves showed antilipoxygenase activity similar to Indomethacin, thus ensuring that it could be used as an effective anti-inflammatory medicine.
Physalis alkekengiCarotenoidic Extract Inhibitor of Soybean Lipoxygenase-1 Activity
BioMed Research International, 2014
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the carotenoidic saponified extract of Physalis alkekengi sepals (PA) towards the lipoxygenase (LOX) oxidation of linoleic acid. Lipoxygenase activity in the presence of carotenoids, standard and from extract, was followed by its kinetic behaviour determining the changes in absorption at 234 nm. The standard carotenoids used were-carotene (-car), lutein (Lut), and zeaxanthin (Zea). The calculated enzymatic specific activity (ESA) after 600 s of reaction proves that PA carotenoidic extract has inhibitory effect on LOX oxidation of linoleic acid. A longer polyenic chain of carotenoid structure gives a higher ESA during the first reaction seconds. This situation is not available after 600 s of reaction and may be due to a destruction of this structure by cooxidation of carotenoids, besides the classical LOX reaction. The PA carotenoidic extract inhibiting the LOX-1 reaction can be considered a source of lipoxygenase inhibitors.
Screening of some rare endemic Italian plants for inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase
Fitoterapia, 2005
The extracts of four rare plants found on the islands of Sicily, Vulcano and Marettimo, Southern Italy, were screened for their inhibitory effect on the production of leukotriene B 4 by 5-lipoxygenase in intact cells. The methanol extracts of pods of Cytisus aeolicus and aerial parts of Thymus richardii were the most active extracts, inhibiting almost completely the leukotriene B 4 production at 200 and 50 Ag/ml, respectively.
5-Lipoxygenase-inhibitory constituents from Schizandra fructus and Magnolia flos
Phytotherapy Research, 2009
In order to establish the antiallergic properties of Schisandra fructus and Magnolia flos, several compounds isolated from these plants were tested for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory activity in vitro, for the first time. The compounds including schizandrins, schisandrols, gomisins, fargesin, eudesmin and lirioresinol B dimethyl ether, inhibited 5-LOX-catalysed leukotriene production from A23187-treated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells at concentrations of 1-100 μ μ μ μ μM. In particular, constituents such as schisandrol A and gomisins showed potent inhibitory activity (IC 50 s < 10 μ μ μ μ μM) on 5-LOX-catalysed leukotriene production, but were much less active on cyclooxygenase-2-catalysed prostaglandin E 2 and inducible nitric oxide-catalysed NO production. These compounds have the potential to be developed as novel antiallergic agents and may contribute to the antiallergic pharmacological use of these plant materials in Chinese medicine.