Performance of communication networks for Integrity protection systems based on travelling wave with IEC 61850 (original) (raw)
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Design and implementation of IEC 61850 in communication-assisted protection strategy
2014 IEEE PES T&D Conference and Exposition, 2014
This paper presents a design and implementation of communication-assisted protection strategy to clear faults on a section of 115 kV transmission lines in Otter Tail Power system. The existing step-distance relaying scheme takes more than 25 cycles (417 ms) to clear faults on this particular three terminal line. In order to reliably clear all faults in less than 20 cycles (333 ms), the transmission line terminals communicate with each other through Ethernet to isolate and clear a fault as fast as possible. Through IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) Messaging, the communicationbased Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (POTT) scheme is utilized to achieve a faster and reliable clearance of all faults. The proposed method has been verified with ASPEN software and implemented in hardware.
IEC 61850 based smart grid security
2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2015
This paper discusses mainly the requirements of enhanced IEC 61850 security parameters for smart grid. Since IEC 61850 has been specified in 2003, smart grid was developed rapidly. This modern grid requires reliable, flexible, efficient and secured communication standards. Recent researches confirm that IEC 61850 meets the first three requirements, yet its security is still an issue due to certain factors, such as threats from the internet because of the mapping to TCP/IP stack and the duration of handshake process. First section of the research states a literature of IEC 61850 and its performance in smart grid. Second section outlines an overview of IEC61850 security issues as well as the current smart grid security requirements. Third section outlines possible solutions to increase IEC 61850's security in order to meet these requirements based on laboratory tests and results. fourth section handles a discussion of the innovated security standard IEC 62351 that will be the future solution for IEC 61850 security issues
2015
The development of a computational platform of a communication network for an automation system using the precepts of IEC 61850 has become a great trend in substation automation systems (SASs) research. Recent developments in wireless communication technologies, especially the IEEE802.11 have enabled cost-effective remote control systems with a capability of monitoring, control and protection in the real-time operating conditions of substations. The message delay and throughput in substation automation while using the WLAN and smart grid must satisfy the standard requirements specified in the IEC 61850-5. In this paper, the end-to-end (ETE) delay of IEC 61850-based messages and operating time of the over current protection using the WLAN-based communication network has been evaluated using Opnet Modeler Edition 18.0.
Modeling and simulation of electric power substation employing an IEC 61850 network
Proceedings of the 9th Annual Cyber and Information Security Research Conference on - CISR '14, 2014
The timely delivery of messages is an important requirement in networks used to control physical processes such as those found in the Critical Infrastructure. These systems are also known as Process Control Systems (PCS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. In the electric power sector, the IEC 61850 family of standards defines the network protocol for communication between devices inside an electric substation and the interface the substation presents to the Internet (outside world) in the Smart Grid. IEC 61850 uses IEEE 802.3 Ethernet for the physical and data link layers as opposed to the previous generation substations, which used dedicated point-to-point connections between devices. IEC 61850 (and other industrial protocols) operate in an environment where messages must arrive in time to be processed and action taken by control equipment. Discrete event simulation is a widely used technique to evaluate performance of such systems. Cyber attacks on process control systems often aim at overloading a communications link. This type of cyber attack may negatively affect such physical processes by introducing delays in messages that carry control actions. Ultimately, this type of attack may also result in a complete DoS situation. Therefore, from a security perspective, it is important to understand the impact that link load changes may have on the control system. This paper presents an OPNET Modeler simulation library to help analyze network traffic in electric power substations that employ the IEC 61850 standard for communication and control. This library is then used to examine sample substation network architectures to determine if they meet the message delivery performance requirements.
Analysis of Norm IEC 61850 in the Transmission of Data via Communications Network of Substations
The tendency of using a protocol allows electrical substations to become "intelligent", that is, capable of communicating in a much more efficient manner. This greatly reduces the number of connections, and as a consequence optimizes the speed between messages. The Norm IEC 61850-9-2 came to minimize the use of cables for the interconnections of various equipments involved in safety procedures of a substation. The present paper, has the objective of identifying a way of integrating the Norm IEC-61850 with the transmission of data via "Generic Object Oriented Substation Event" (GOOSE) and of substituting the direct connection of binary I/O's of the Intelligent Electronic Devices also known as IED's.
Wireless Light-Weight IEC 61850 Based Loss of Mains Protection for Smart Grid
Open Engineering
This paper presents a novel Loss of Mains (LoM) protection method based on IEC 61850 Manufacturing Messages Specification (MMS) protocol over wireless Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based access point name (APN) mechanism. LoM or anti islanding protection is a key requirement in modern power distribution grids where there is significant amount of distributed energy resources (DER). The future Smart Grids are based on extensive communication capabilities and thus the communication based LoM approaches will also become dominant. The IEC 61850 standard based systems are gaining ground in the substation communication, and therefore, it is natural to expand this technology deeper into the distribution network. Using this standard for LoM protection, also enables some advanced approaches utilizing large variety of information available in the Smart Grid. There is a specific part of the standard, IEC 61850-7-420, which defines logical nodes (LNs) suitable for this purpose; bu...
Monitoring and Protection of Power Distribution Networks with IEC 61850-9-2 Standard
2020
In the modern power grid, communication plays a vital role in making the system more reliable and secure. The communications network transfers data between different units to a control center or to Intelligent Electric Devices (IEDs) in order to accurately control or protect the modern power system. The paper discussed possible ways to monitor the measured values for protecting the power system according to IEC 61850-9-2 (sample value). The sequence of the process consists of streaming the sample value packet, decoding it, and phasor extraction and filtering, which are discussed here. To validate the research, Sundom Smart Grid was used as a pilot to measure the values converted to digital form (IEC 61850-9-2) and to stream it to the system through a highly secure communications network. To decode the SV packet, two scenarios are presented in the case study, based on processing useful features of the IEC 61850-9-2 standard-based raw data streamed from the SSG, including μPMU in a ra...
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2017
This paper investigates the applicability of IEC 61850-9-2 LE sampled values in transients-based protection by implementing a line protection IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) incorporating a transients-based hybrid protection algorithm suitable for series compensated transmission lines. The IED is capable of subscribing, decoding and processing sampled values to be used in the implemented protection algorithms. The proposed method of protection can distinguish between internal and external faults by comparing the polarities of wavelet coefficients of the line currents at either end of the line. The power system section, which the proposed protection scheme is tested upon, is implemented in a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). Attention is given to replicate the constraints faced by an actual relay in the implementations of the IED. Results indicate that IEC 61850 sampled values can be effectively used in a transients-based protection scheme that is capable of operating under challenging conditions.
IEEE Access
There is growing awareness towards cybersecurity threats in power systems. Deployment of more intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and the communication lines increase the probability of such attacks. IEC 61850 standard facilitates communication between different IEDs and eases interoperable operation with set data and message structures. An unwanted consequence of this standardized communication over ethernet is increased viability to cyber threats. Replay and masquerade attacks are, especially, of concern due to their imminent impact on the operation. While detecting replay attacks is easier, since the original messages are used for the attack, masquerade attack messages may be difficult to distinguish from original ones. Furthermore, inadequate mitigation approaches may be tricked by the hackers and the system starts the attacker as the authentic sender and discards original messages from authentic sources. It is vital to develop an approach that incorporates message authentication. In this fashion, when the hackers modify the message contents to bypass security systems, the tampering can be detected, and the messages will be discarded. This paper analyses replay and masquerade attacks on IEC 61850 GOOSE messages and develops a solution to mitigates both of those. To detect modified messages, two distinct authentication mechanisms are utilized: RSA since it is the algorithm stipulated in IEC 62351-6 and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) due to its widespread use in smartgrid cybersecurity solutions. A full solution to mitigate GOOSE replay and masquerade attacks is developed based on the proposed framework in IEC 62351 standard. Full implementation is tested in the lab and results are included to show the viability of the solution.
2015
Substation plays an important role in power system communications for safe and reliable operation of entire power networks. Substation communication networks are connected with various substation intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), which is substation systems lifeblood and the system availability is decided by its real-time performance. International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) has been developed the standards based on object-oriented technologies for substation automation. IEC 61850 protocol has been applied widely in substation communication applications. It presents new challenges to realtime performance simulation and testing of protective relays. In this paper, an optimized network engineering tool (OPNET) or Riverbed modeler simulation tool/ software has been used for the modeling of IED in substation level network. Based on the simulation results, different types of data stream have been discussed, such as, periodic data stream, random data stream and burst data ste...