Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XX (original) (raw)
The Air Pollution Model (TAPM) Version 2. part 2: summary of some verification studies
2002
Air pollution predictions for environmental impact assessments usually use Gaussian plume/puff models driven by observationally-based meteorological inputs. An alternative approach is to use prognostic meteorological and air pollution models, which have many advantages over the Gaussian approach and are now becoming a viable tool for performing year-long simulations. Continuing rapid increases in computing power are bringing this approach to the PC. This report provides a comprehensive technical description of the newly enhanced prognostic model called The Air Pollution Model (TAPM).
Science of The Total Environment, 2008
The high levels of air pollutants over the NorthWestern Mediterranean (NWM) exceed the thresholds set in current air quality regulations. They demand a detailed diagnosis of those areas where the exceedances of thresholds related to human health are found. In this sense, there is a need for modelling studies for the specific area of the NWM that take into account the annual cycle to address the diagnosis of air pollution. A new approach to the modelling of air quality in the NWM has been adopted by combining the WRF-EMICAT-CMAQ-DREAM modelling system to diagnose the current status of the levels of photochemical air pollution (focusing on ozone, O 3 ; nitrogen dioxide, NO 2 ; carbon monoxide, CO; and particulate matter, PM10) in the area during an annual cycle (year 2004). The complexity of the area of study requires the application of high spatial and temporal resolution (2 km and 1 h). The annual simulations need to cover the complex different meteorological situations and types of episodes of air pollution in the area of study. The outputs of the modelling system are evaluated against observations from 52 meteorological and 59 air quality stations belonging to the Environmental Department of the Catalonia Government (Spain), which involve a dense and accurate spatial distribution of stations in the territory (32,215 km 2). The results indicate a good behaviour of the model in both coastal and inland areas of the NWM, with a slight trend to the overestimation of tropospheric O 3 concentrations and the underestimation of other photochemical pollutants (NO 2 , CO and PM10). The modelling diagnosis indicates that the main air quality-related problems in the NWM are the exceedances of the 1-hr O 3 information threshold set in the Directive 2002/3/EC (180 μg m − 3) as a consequence of the transport of O 3 precursors downwind the Barcelona Greater Area (BGA); and the exceedances of the annual value for the protection of human health for NO 2 and PM10 (40 μg m − 3 , Directive 1999/30/EC), both in the BGA, as a consequence of the high traffic-related emissions.
W17: AIR QUALITY MODELLING: STATE-OF-THE-ART
Air quality modeling is an area with a significant progress and interest during the last two decades. It covers all aspects related to pollution dispersion and impact on different ecosystems. It is very much related to the meteorological field since the atmosphere is governed by the general laws derived by the Navier-Stokes equation system. Progress in computer capabilities during the last decades has impulse substantially the research on air quality modeling in a parallel way. Air pollution modeling covers a very complex and interdisciplinary area where we include remote sensing -land use impact -, initial and boundary conditions, data assimilation techniques, chemical schemes, comparison between measured and modeled data, computer efficiency, parallel computing in air quality modeling, long-range transport impact on local air pollution, new satellite data assimilation techniques, real-time and forecasting air quality modeling and sensitivity analysis. This contribution focuses on providing a general overview of the state-of-the-art on air quality modeling, from the point of view of the "user community", i.e. policy makers, urban planners, environmental managers, etc.. It also tries to bring to the discussion key questions concerning the air quality modeling success in usage, such as, where are greatest uncertainties in emission inventories, how well do air quality models simulate urban aerosols, what are the next generation developments in models to answer new scientific questions, etc.
Comparative Study of Air Quality Models
In mega cities and urban areas, industrial growth and vehicular emissions have caused severe concern of ambient air pollution. Situation is alarming; it can increase in near future to cope up with population expansion. Air quality models have been using for assessing impact of emission sources to ambient air pollution as well as for planning emission controls. These models use meteorology and emission inventory to trace the dispersion path of a pollutant to estimate the impact at the receptor. US-EPA's AERMOD has an improved approach for characterizing boundary layer parameters and vertical profile of atmosphere as compared to other dispersion models. The application of Gaussian Plume Model (GPM) requires knowledge of several parameters, i.e. atmospheric turbulence, emission release rate, wind speed, dispersion coefficients, effective stack height, mixing height etc. In most of the cases of Indian scenario, meteorological data is not available. Under such conditions, it is propo...
Air Pollution Modelling-Software – a Review
Applications of various air pollution modeling software like MEASURE, COLE, OFFROAD, URBEMIS, MOBILE, PART5, MOBTOX, SPOT, PEMS, OEMS, EMFAC series of models have been discussed in this paper.
A GLOBAL MODEL STUDY OF AIR POLLUTION OVER EUROPE AND THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AREA
This presentation shows first results from a research study the main scope of which is to assess the effects of the natural and human made chemicals introduced through the troposphere, with special emphasis on the Eastern Mediterranean region. The global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry GEOS-CHEM (Bey et al, 2001) is the main modeling tool for this investigation.
Air Pollution Models As Tools To IntegrateScientific Results In Environmental Policy
1970
Air pollution models may be applied for the optimization of control strategies and for short-term predictions of smog episodes. Especially at the urban scale, simulation models have already been successfully used to address questions related to the atmospheric environment, although a full evaluation of such models is still lacking. Recent activities facilitate defining how to quantify the uncertainties of air pollution models. A basic requirement in this respect is the availability of detailed experimental datasets for model validation. The European Topic Centre on Air Quality which was recently designated to assist the European Environment Agency appears to be a suitable frame for future concerted activities towards the evaluation of air pollution models.
Air Quality – monitoring and modelling
INCAS BULLETIN, 2012
Air pollution is a major concern for all nations, regardless of their development. The rapid growth of the industrial sector and urban development have lead to significant quantities of substances and toxic materials, mostly discharged into the atmosphere and having adverse effects both on human health and environment in general. Human society has to recognize that environment has only a limited capacity to process all of its waste without major changes. Each of us is a pollutant but also a victim of pollution. If monitoring of air pollutants is particularly important for assessing the air quality at any moment, by modelling the monitoring data spectacular results are obtained both through the factor analysis and identification of potential pollution mitigation measures. Latest equipment and techniques come and support these problems giving medium and long term solutions.