A critical review of biomarkers in toxicology and risk assessment of environmental pollutants (original) (raw)
Over the last 30 years, the study of biomarkers has experienced signifi cant growth. Biomarkers serve as essential tools in monitoring toxicology and risk assessment of environmental pollutants by providing early and specifi c endpoints. This expansion in the fi eld has enabled researchers to better understand the impact of various environmental pollutants on living organisms and ecosystems. By utilizing biomarkers, scientists can assess the potential risks posed by these pollutants and develop effective strategies for environmental protection and preservation. This article briefl y reviews some of the aspects in an attempt to give an overall view of the fi eld. Some of the new developments, particularly in relation to biomarkers of exposure and response, are mentioned.
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