Cutaneous injuries from marine animals (original) (raw)
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JELLYFISH STINGS : COMPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT By TOSSON
2020
Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of subphylum Medusozoa, the majority of phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are not mobile, being anchored to the seabed by stalks. The bell can pulsate to give propulsion and highly efficient locomotion. Tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle; the medusa is normally the sexual phase, the planula larva can disperse widely and is followed by a sedentary polyp phase. Jellyfish are found worldwide, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans ("true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. The medusae of most species are fast growing, matu...
A Prospective Study of Stingray Injury and Envenomation Outcomes
The Journal of emergency medicine, 2018
Stingray injuries result in thousands of emergency department visits annually. This study aimed to assess the complication rate and outcome of field treatment with hot water immersion. This was an on-site, prospective, observational study. Subjects were enrolled after having been stung by a stingray. A trained researcher obtained the following information: age, sex, health conditions and medications, and wound description. The efficacy of hot water immersion on pain was recorded. Patients were contacted on postinjury days 3, 7, and 14 for follow up. Twenty-two subjects were included. No obvious foreign bodies were observed in wounds. Ten subjects were treated with hot water immersion and povidone-iodine, 12 with hot water immersion alone. Ongoing symptoms or complications were noted at the 3-day follow-up in 6 of 22 subjects (27.3%). One subject was diagnosed with cellulitis on post-sting day 8 and was treated with antibiotics. Ongoing symptoms or complications were reported more co...
2013
Aquatic dermatoses encompass a broad spectrum of cutaneous injuries. These injuries may present through contact with invertebrate organisms such as jellyfish, sea urchins, corals, and molluscs. Each organism is equipped with a unique method of causing harm to man, therefore a myriad of presenting signs and symptoms should be recognized in order to initiate treatment. Aquatic injuries are not limited to areas of the world where these species originate. With the advent of rapid world travel and the hobby of home aquariums, dermatologists play a key role in the early diagnosis and treatment of such injuries. The method of injury, including a discussion of organism identification will be presented. Additionally, treatment of injuries caused by aquatic life will follow.
The Natural History of Stingray Injuries
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
Introduction:Stingray envenomation is a marine injury suffered by ocean goers throughout the world. No prospective studies exist on the various outcomes associated with these injuries.Study Objective:The aim of this study was to perform a prospective, observational study of human stingray injuries to determine the natural history, acute and subacute complications, prevalence of medical evaluation, and categories of medical treatment.Methods:This study prospectively studied a population of subjects who were injured by stingrays at Seal Beach, California (USA) from July 2012 through September 2016 and did not immediately seek emergency department evaluation. Subjects described their initial injury and provided information on their symptoms, medical evaluations, and medical treatment for the injury at one week and one month after the injury. This information was reported as descriptive statistics.Results:A total of 393 participants were enrolled in the study; 313 (80%) of those complet...
Pseudoaneurysm following a freshwater stingray injury
Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019
Editor Complications of aquatic envenomations can pose clinical challenges to dermatologists. 1 We report here a rare, potentially threatening complication of a stingray stabbing. A 48-year-old man, born in Brazil and working as a fisherman along the Oyapock river, was referred to our Dermatology Department for a painful swelling of the right forearm, associated with fever for 2 days. He had been stabbed by a stingray 3 months earlier on this very area, as he was retrieving fish from his nets along a small tributary river of the Oyapock. He had then come to the Emergency Department where he was treated with corticosteroids, analgesics and antibiotics. The wound healed completely
Skin and Systemic Manifestations of Jellyfish Stings in Iraqi Fishermen
Libyan Journal of Medicine, 2008
Background: Jellyfish stings are common worldwide with an estimated 150 million cases annually, and their stings cause a wide range of clinical manifestations from skin inflammation to cardiovascular and respiratory collapse. No studies on jellyfish stings have been carried out in Basra, Iraq. Objectives: To describe the immediate and delayed skin reactions to White Jellyfish (Rhizostoma sp.) stings and the types of local treatment used by fishermen. Methods and Materials: 150 fishermen were enrolled at three Marine stations in Basra, Iraq. Demographic data, types of skin reactions, systemic manifestations and kinds of treatments were collected. Results: Overall, 79% of fishermen in all three Marine stations gave a history of having been stung. The common sites of sings were the hands and arms followed by the legs. Most fishermen claimed that stings led to skin reactions within 5 minutes. The presenting complaints were itching, burning sensation, and erythematic wheals. A few days after the sting, new groups of painless and itchy erythematous monomorphic papular rashes developed at the site of the sting in 62% of cases as a delayed type of skin reaction that resolved spontaneously. The local remedies commonly used by the fishermen were seawater, tap water and ice. A few fishermen considered stings as insignificant and did not think there was a need to seek medical help. Conclusions: We conclude that jellyfish causes many stings among fishermen in the Basra region. Their stings lead to immediate and delayed skin reactions. Selftreatment by topical remedies is common.
Stingray envenomation and injury in a dog
Open Veterinary Science, 2021
The stingray, a seemingly harmless cartilaginous fish, is capable of causing painful injuries and envenomation in humans. There is no known peer reviewed case report involving dogs in a veterinary journal at the time of writing this case report. Poor management of the condition or overzealous attempts to remove embedded barbs has resulted in complications in humans. This case report presents an effective approach to the treatment of stingray envenomation in dogs which is likely to be reproducible in other domestic animals. Clearly elucidated are the principles behind antibiotic therapy in the treatment of stingray injuries and the benefit of lignocaine injection in cases of embedded stingers. There is a need for case reports to enhance clinical knowledge of stingray management in domestic animals. This case report, thus, serves as an impetus for future research in this area of veterinary medicine.
Jellyfish Stings: Complications and Management
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology
Jellyfish and sea jellies are the informal common names given to the medusa-phase of certain gelatinous members of subphylum Medusozoa, the majority of phylum Cnidaria. Jellyfish are mainly free-swimming marine animals with umbrella-shaped bells and trailing tentacles, although a few are not mobile, being anchored to the seabed by stalks. The bell can pulsate to give propulsion and highly efficient locomotion. Tentacles are armed with stinging cells and may be used to capture prey and defend against predators. Jellyfish have a complex life cycle; the medusa is normally the sexual phase, the planula larva can disperse widely and is followed by a sedentary polyp phase. Jellyfish are found worldwide, from surface waters to the deep sea. Scyphozoans ("true jellyfish") are exclusively marine, but some hydrozoans with a similar appearance live in freshwater. Large, often colorful, jellyfish are common in coastal zones worldwide. The medusae of most species are fast growing, mature within a few months and die soon after breeding, but the polyp stage, attached to the seabed, may be much more long-lived. Jellyfish have been in existence for at least 500 million years, and possibly 700 million years or more, making them the oldest multiorgan animal group. They are eaten by humans in certain cultures, being considered a delicacy in some Asian countries, where species in the Rhizostomae order are pressed and salted to remove excess water. They are also used in research, where the green fluorescent protein, used by some species to cause bioluminescence, has been adapted as a fluorescent marker for genes inserted into other cells or organisms. Stinging cells used by jellyfish to subdue their prey can also injure them. Many thousands of swimmers are stung every year, with effects ranging from mild discomfort to serious injury or even death; small box jellyfish are responsible for many deaths.