Cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and health behaviours of postmenopausal women working in agriculture (original) (raw)
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Atherogenic lipid profile and health behaviours in women post-menopause working in agriculture
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2019
Introduction and objective. There is a significantly higher risk of lipid disorders occurrence, including atherogenic dyslipidemia in women after menopause than it is in general population. The aim of the work was to investigate the correlation between health behaviours and the occurrence of lipid disorders in women after menopause working in agriculture. Material and methods. The study was conducted in years 2015-2016 and included 843 post-menopausal women working in agriculture. The following were used: a questionnaire including socio-demographic data, laboratory lipid tests, inventory of health behaviours. The following were estimated: logistic regression models for serum lipids concentration versus frequency of health behaviours in the examined women. Results. Adverse lipid profile was found in over a half of post-menopausal women working in agriculture, whereas the frequency of health behaviours were estimated at the average level, although the frequency of correct eating habits and health practices was significantly lower than preventive behaviours and positive psychological attitudes. A correlation was found between the frequency of health behaviours and the occurrence of lipid disorders in women after menopause working in agriculture: more frequent health practices co-existed with the lower concentration of total cholesterol and a higher concentration of HDL-cholesterol, more frequent preventive behaviours co-existed with lower concentration of LDL-cholesterol. Women with higher concentration of triglycerides undertook pro-health practices relatively more often. Conclusions. The study revealed a high prevalence of lipid disorders in postmenopausal women working in agriculture. More effective health education programmes are necessary in the area of reduction the risk factors of CVD in the population of women working in agriculture.
International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 2024
Background: In Tripura, women are mostly involved in household chores; they also work in agriculture with their family members. Fearing for their health and unfulfilled demands, people continue to seek treatment in isolated locations where problems like malnourishment, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a labour shortage abound. The study's objective is to ascertain the morbidity pattern among women agricultural workers in Tripura. Methods: In 2021 after receiving approval from IIPS, Mumbai, selected farmers from Dhalai district were surveyed. We utilised cross-tabulation, chi2, PCA and straightforward logistic regression. Results: Half of the women farmers in Tripura admitted to using tobacco, and just 3% had completed higher education. Additionally, 8% of the women farmers were greater than 65. Eighty-nine percent of farmers engaged in regular (plain) farming, and eleven percent farmed jhum/shifting (hill) agriculture. In Tripura, women farmers faced both acute and chronic illnesses; the prevalence of fever, diarrhea, and malaria was more than 2% in each case. Asthma had the highest prevalence of chronic illnesses (2%), followed by chronic skin disease (2%), and chronic renal disease. There was a negative trend in the morbidity rate as educational attainment rose. More frequent workers as well as tobacco and alcohol users were associated with higher rates of acute and chronic illness in cultivators. Conclusion: The study's conclusions reveal that female farmers may not have been sustaining a healthy lifestyle because of the substantial amount of work they perform in both the home and on the farm, which increases their vulnerability to illness. These findings might serve as the foundation for the creation of extensive programs in the fields of health, education, and the economy that are specifically aimed at women farmers. These programs would address workplace hazards and health concerns with the ultimate goal of promoting the welfare of female worker in the agricultural industry.
Healthline, Journal of Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2022
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of mortality in the world, Introduction : more so in the perimenopausal age group due to decreased levels of estrogen and diminished ovarian function because of ageing. To find out the magnitude of CVD risk among perimenopausal Objective: women residing in rural Bengal and its associated determinants. A cross-sectional study was Method: conducted in a rural area of Barasat block I during April-July 2021 on 150 peri-menopausal women selected by cluster sampling. A pre-designed pretested questionnaire was used for data collection and a 10-year probability of CVD risk was assessed using Framingham Risk Score. Logistic regression analysis was done to find out the associated factors. Intermediate & high CVD risk was present in 28 (18.7%) and 63 Results: (42%) participants respectively. Among 150 participants, 62% were hypertensive, 44.7% were diabetic, , 51.3% with borderline high total cholesterol and 76% had low HDL cholesterol. Factors significantly associated with intermediate to high CVD risk were high mental stress [AOR=6.96, 95%CI=2.17-22.31], family history of chronic illness [AOR=14.46, 95% CI=4.26-49.06] and presence of chronic morbidities [AOR=6.84, 95%CI=1.93-24.22]. A significant proportion of perimenopausal women were at Conclusion: risk of developing CVD. Thus, awareness campaigns in the community would help in empowering women in maintaining their health through regular screening and timely intervention when deemed necessary.
F1000Research
Agriculture serves as the primary source of income for a substantial number of agricultural workers, with a significant portion of the Indian population, especially in rural areas, engaged in this occupation. However, the health status of female agricultural workers is often adversely affected by various factors, including working conditions, environmental exposure, and other morbidities. As a result, they are at risk of developing several diseases, such as tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, lung disease, muscle pain, joint pain, and pesticide poisoning, which constitute the main occupational health concerns in this sector. Unfortunately, despite the prevalence of these health risks, many female agricultural workers do not prioritize their own health and wellbeing. According to the latest survey data by the National sample survey office (NSSO), around 54% of the Indian workforce is engaged in agriculture, mainly in rural areas. There are no unions for female agricultural workers,...
Journal of Rural Medicine
Objective: Engaging in agriculture greatly affects workers' lifestyles, particularly related to physical activity. This study aimed to clarify the prevalence of lifestyle-related chronic diseases among workers engaging and not engaging in agriculture in rural areas of Japan. Methods: A total of 4,666 consecutive participants aged ≥40 years (1,929 men and 2,737 women) were recruited during health examinations conducted from 2006 to 2014. For analysis, the participants were divided by sex and age into those engaging in agriculture and those not engaging in agriculture. Results: Engaging in agriculture may be contributing with a low prevalence of dyslipidemia, a constitutive factor of metabolic syndrome, in both sexes between the ages of 40 and 64 years. In the elderly aged ≥65 years, engaging in agriculture may influence the low prevalence of hypertension in men. Hypertension, a strong risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease, is very frequent among the Japanese elderly and, therefore, engaging in agriculture may have a significant impact on its prevention and control. Conclusion: In rural areas of Japan, engaging in agriculture may contribute to the control of lipid metabolism in middle-aged individuals and blood pressure in the elderly.
Study of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women
Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2015
BACKGROUND: Various studies throughout the world have documented higher prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and CV risk factors in postmenopausal women. Abdominal obesity, a key component of metabolic syndrome is quite prevalent in South Asian women. However, studies that have investigated the effect of menopause on the health status of Nepalese women is lacking. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in TUTH, Kathmandu Nepal. Forty five each premenopausal and postmenopausal (defined by cessation of menstruation for ≥12 months) women visiting the General Health Checkup Unit were enrolled as participants. Metabolic syndrome was defined by IDF criteria. BP, height, weight and WC were measured and BMI was calculated while fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum biochemical markers: FBG, lipid profile.
Incidence of metabolic syndrome in rural pre-menopausal women and associated risk factors
International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2019
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing in the Asia Pacific region, as well as globally. This study was aimed at determining the incidence of MetS and associated risk factors among pre-menopausal women in rural Vellore, Tamil Nadu, South India. A community-based non-concurrent cohort design was used to study the incidence and risk factors associated with MetS in women from a rural block in Vellore district. Pre-menopausal women aged 38-45 years free of MetS in 2011-2012 were followed up 5 years later, for MetS. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids were measured in addition to diet and physical activity. Cumulative incidence was calculated, and adjusted odds ratios (OR) obtained using logistic regression to measure association with risk factors. The cumulative 5-year incidence of metabolic syndrome among women aged 38-45 years was 32.5% (95% confidence interval (CI), 25.9-39. 1%). Women engaged in moderate physical activity alone were more likely to have MetS than those with vigorous activity (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-6.69). Those with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m 2 were more likely to have MetS compared to those with a lower BMI (adjusted OR, 10.38; 95% CI, 3.50-30.80). Around one-third of pre-menopausal women aged 38-45 years developed metabolic syndrome within 5 years, in rural Vellore, South India. This high incidence emphasizes the need for raising awareness about risk factors for metabolic syndrome and encouraging lifestyle changes that may eventually help in reducing overall cardiovascular risk.
Biochemistry Research International, 2017
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide which is more prevalent in women after menopause. Hormonal changes associated with menopause are accountable for dyslipidemic pattern that causes CVD and associated complications. Therefore, the present study was commenced to compare the lipid profile in pre- and postmenopausal women. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences (MMIHS) from February 2016 to July 2016. A total of 260 fasting samples were collected from healthy women, 130 from premenopausal and 130 from postmenopausal women, and analyzed for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) as per the guideline provided by the reagent manufacturer (Human, Germany). All the parameters were analyzed by Stat Fax 3300 semi auto analyzer. TC, TAG, HDL-C, and LDL-C were highly significantly increased in ...
Health behaviors of postmenopausal women
Menopausal Review, 2014
Introduction: Health status and health-related quality of life of postmenopausal women are issues, which nowadays pose a serious challenge to many domains of science. Climacteric symptoms which occur at this stage of life, lower its quality and make a negative contribution to self-reported health status, are mostly observed in a particular group of women. Evaluation of health behaviors performed using a standardized questionnaire, the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), may help establish a comprehensive diagnosis of women's health, and thus select effective interventions. A systemic approach to menopause assumes that full fitness of women and good quality of their lives can be maintained not only by means of pharmacotherapy but also other forms of action, especially health education oriented towards changes in the lifestyle and promotion of healthy behaviors. Aim of the study is to perform a HBI-based assessment of women's health behaviors in such categories as healthy eating habits (HEH), preventive behaviors (PB), positive mental attitudes (PMA), and health practices (HP). Material and methods: The study involved 151 healthy postmenopausal women. A research tool was a standardized questionnaire, the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). Results: The surveyed women obtained 70% of the maximum score on average, which suggests a medium level of health behaviors in this group. The levels of health behaviors in the categories of positive mental attitudes and health practices significantly differed between older women and their younger counterparts (higher levels were observed among older respondents). There were also significant differences in the levels of healthy behaviors between women with secondary and higher education (those better educated declared healthy behaviors more often). There was no correlation between the level of health behaviors and the BMI of the surveyed women. Conclusions: Older women attached greater importance to positive mental attitudes, and so they avoided tension, stress and depressing situations. They also attached more weight to health practices (HP), i.e. the number of hours devoted to sleeping, resting and physical activity. The main determinant of a healthy lifestyle was higher education.
Women, occupation and cardiovascular risk factors: Findings from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Public Health, 2007
To investigate the relationship between occupation and cardiovascular risk factors in women in Tehran. Study design and methods: A cross-sectional study of 566 working women and 561 age-matched housewives selected from among the 15 005 Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) participants. All cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Results: The means of body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly higher in housewives as compared to working women (Po0.05). Nine percent of working women and 17% of housewives had 4-6 cardiovascular risk factors; 1% of housewives had 7-8 cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: An increase in some cardiovascular risk factors was seen in housewives as compared to working women, and the percentage of housewives with 4-6 risk factors was found to be twice that of working women.