Human Campylobacter spp. infections in Italy (original) (raw)
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PubMed, 2020
A research was carried out in Italy with the aim of assessing Campylobacter contamination in broilers from breeding to slaughter, of defining the genetic diversity of isolates and their antibiotic resistance. Sampling was carried out in a slaughterhouse, and in farms representative of the most common broiler production in Italy. At farm, the 78.8% (95% C.I.: 74.5%‑82.5%) of cloacal samples tested positive for Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni showed higher prevalence in winter than in spring and summer (p < 0.00001, χ2 = 32.9), while C. coli showed an opposite trend (p < 0.00001, χ2= 41.1). At slaughterhouse, the 32.3% (95% C.I.: 30.2%‑35.2%) and the 23.9% (95% C.I.: 21.7%‑26.3%) of skin samples tested positive for C. jejuni for C. coli, respectively. C. coli showed higher prevalence than C. jejuni at washing (p < 0.05, χ2 = 11.11) and at chilling (p < 0.05, χ2 = 9.26). PFGE revealed high heterogeneity among isolates. Some clones were identified within the same farm in more than one season, suggesting environmental conditions able to support their persistence; other clones resulted to be spatially distant, suggestive of cross‑contamination. Both Campylobacter species showed high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, while resistance to erythromycin was more frequent in C. coli than C. jejuni (p < 0.05; χ2 test).
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp.: A review of the literature
Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica, 2021
Campylobacter spp. are commensal organisms in the intestinal tract of food producing and companion animals. There is an increasing trend of human campylobacteriosis worldwide, including complicated cases that request treatment by antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance continually increases, especially to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. There are many reports on multiresistant strains of Campylobacter spp.In this work we present the available information about the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. worldwide, as well as studies from Serbia published in last two decades. Campylobacter strains isolated from animal samples in Serbia showed increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to all clinically relevant antibiotics. Preliminary data (2014–2019) from Reference laboratory for Campylobacter and Helicobacter at the Institute of Public Health of Niš, Serbia show high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (90%) and to tetracycline (50%) but low resistance ...
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates in the Capital of North Macedonia
Prilozi - Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za medicinski nauki, 2019
Background: Campylobacter infections are typically self-limited, but in cases with severe enteritis, immuno-compromised system and bacteremia, an appropriate antimicrobial treatment is demanding. Our study aim was to determine the isolation rate of Campylobacter among patients with acute enteritis in the capital of North Macedonia and its antimicrobial susceptibility. Material and methods: A total number of 3820 patients clinically diagnosed as acute enteritis, were included in the study. Stool samples were collected and Campylobacter was isolated and identified by classical microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates to Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin-clavulonic acid, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline and Gentamicin was determined by disc-diffusion technique. Additionally, minimal inhibitory concentrations of all Campylobacter isolates against erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were determined by Epsilon gradient tests. Results: Campylobacter species was isolated in 97 patients. Although the mean isolation rate of Campylobacter spp. during the whole study period was 2.53%, a statistically significant increase was detected in 2016 and 2017, in comparison with the data from previous four years of the study. The isolation rate of Campylobacter spp. didn't reveal statistically significant difference between males and females (p > 0.05). 46.4 % of patients with Campylobacter enteritis were children at the age under 15 years. Forty-three C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to all six antibiotics, but the remaining 44 isolates revealed resistance to at least one antibiotic. C. coli isolates were resistant to 3 antibiotics simultaneously. Two C. coli isolates only, were susceptible to all 6 antibiotics. 40.90% of C. jejuni and 50% of C. coli isolates were resistant to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, simultaneously. Conclusion: The increase of the isolation rate of Campylobacter from patients with acute enteritis indicates the need for permanent isolation and identification of Campylobacter from every clinically diagnosed patient, as acute enteritis. Erythromicin is the most effective antibiotic for treatment of Campylobacter enteritis in our patients. The high level of Campylobacter resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines requires more rational approach in the treatment of Campylobacter enteritis
Antibiotic Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Clinical Isolates from Poland
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2007
We tested 102 Campylobacter jejuni and 6 Campylobacter coli clinical isolates from Poland. All were susceptible to erythromycin. Among the tested C. jejuni isolates 55.9% and 13.7% were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, respectively. Replacement of Thr86 with Ile in GyrA and a plasmid-borne tet (O) gene were the main resistance mechanisms for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, respectively.
Frontiers in Microbiology
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis. However, the clinical course of the illness varies in symptoms and severity. The aim of this study was to characterize Campylobacter jejuni (34 isolates) and C. coli (9 isolates) from persons with diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools at the time of examination and fecal sampling, in Poland by using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed a high diversity with a total of 20 sequence types (STs) among 26 Campylobacter isolates from diarrheic and 13 STs among 17 isolates from non-diarrheic persons. ST-50 and ST-257 were most common in both groups. The phenotypic resistance rate was 74.4% for ciprofloxacin, 67.4% for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 58.1% for amoxicillin, 48.8% for tetracycline, and 46.5% for ceftriaxone. Only single isolates were resistant to erythromycin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Overall genotypic resistance toward amoxicillin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was predicted to occur in 93.1, 67.4, 48.8, and 11.6% of the isolates, respectively. None of the isolates showed the presence of the erm(B) gene or mutation in 23S rRNA. Neither was variation found in the important target region in L4 and L22 ribosomal proteins. In regard to the CmeABC efflux pump, a set of variable mutations affecting the regulatory region was noted. All Campylobacter isolates possessed genes associated with adhesion (cadF, jlpA, porA, and pebA) and invasion (ciaB, pldA, and flaC). The type IV secretion system (T4SS) was found in isolates from both diarrheic (15.4%, CI 95%: 6.1-33.5%) and non-diarrheic (23.5%, CI 95%: 9.6-47.3%) persons. The rates of the presence of cytolethal distending toxin cdtABC gene cluster and type VI secretion system (T6SS) were higher in Campylobacter isolates obtained from persons with diarrhea (96.2%, CI 95%: 81.7-99.3% and 26.9%, CI 95%: 13.7-46.1%) compared to isolates from
Bacteremia Due to Campylobacter Species: Clinical Findings and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1997
From 1979 to 1996, 58 patients (mean age, 39.4 years) were treated for bacteremia due to Campylobacter species at the Hospitals Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona, Spain. Bacteremia was considered to be hospital acquired in 30% of these patients. Almost all the patients (93%) had underlying conditions; liver cirrhosis was the most frequent (34% of patients), and neoplasia, immunosuppressive therapy, and human immunodeficiency virus disease were also common. Of the 58 Campylobacter strains isolated, 81% were C. jejuni, 10% were Campylobacter species, 7% were C. fetus, and one (2%) was C. coli. Resistance rates were: cephalothin, 82%; co-trimoxazole, 79%; quinolones, 54%; ampicillin, 20%; amoxicillin/clavulanate, 4%; erythromycin, 7%; gentamicin, 0; and tetracyclines, 0. Even though the majority of patients were immunocompromised, mortality was low (10.5%), and only one patient relapsed. Because of the high level of resistance to the quinolones in Campylobacter species, these drugs should not be used as empirical treatment, at least in Spain. Although the macrolides remain the antibiotics of choice, amoxicillin/clavulanate may be an effective alternative therapy.
Open Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2017
Campylobacter is a leading causal agent of bacterial enteritis worldwide, but its prevalence is not well documented in Ghanaian hospitals. This study isolated Campylobacter species from patients with enteritis or urinary tract infections attending Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and assessed the antibiogram profile of isolated species. Two hundred and two (202) in-patients and outpatients samples of all age groups diagnosed with enteritis or UTI infections were analyzed from May 2013 to August 2013. Campylobacter species were detected using selective agar (mCCDA) and confirmed on API Campy system (bioMérieux, France), with disk diffusion method determined the resistance profile of the species. Of the 128 enteritis and 74 UTI patients samples analyzed, 26 and 9 isolates were respectively confirmed as Campylobacter spp. giving a prevalence of 17.3% (35/202). Species identified were C. jejuni (40%), C. jejuni sub sp. doylei (2.8%), C. coli (37%) and C. lari (20%). Resistance was 92.3%-100% each to erythromycin and the β-lactams, 61.5%-86.7% to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, 92.3%-93.3% to tetracycline, 46.2%-80% to chloramphenicol, 0%-60% to aminoglycosides and 0% to imipenem. Multidrug resistance of 97.1% was detected among species. Empirical treatment of Campylobacter enteritis with erythromycin and other common and cheap drugs may result in treatment failure in the face of high level resistance observed among the Campylobacter species.
1994
Campylobacter coli isolates were more frequently erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistant than 440 Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates (18.4% versus 1.8%; P ؍ 0.00005), of which the 148 isolates acquired abroad were more frequently erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistant than the 292 isolates acquired locally (5.4% versus 0%; P ؍ 0.0001). C ampylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and Campylobacter coli are major human pathogens representing the first and second most frequent Campylobacter species, respectively, in most countries (1, 2). Macrolides and fluoroquinolones are first-and second-choice agents when antimicrobial treatment is indicated (1, 2). The objectives of this study were to ascertain and compare the erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistance rates of human C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli isolated in 2002 to 2013 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The resistance rates of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli isolates acquired abroad were compared to the resistance rates of those acquired locally. The multidrug resistance rates of C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from 2002 to 2013 to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin or to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were compared to one another. C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from 2002 to 2013 at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)-Hôpital Saint-Luc. The phenotypic identification (2) of 96 C. jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates, including all multidrug-resistant isolates, and all other Campylobacter spp., including C. coli, was confirmed at the genus and species levels by cpn60 gene sequencing (3) at the Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec (LSPQ). Susceptibilities to erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were assessed initially by disk diffusion and later confirmed by agar dilution, Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), or both (2, 4, 5). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Campylobacter susceptibility and resistance breakpoints for erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin were implemented (4). Susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, gentamicin, and imipenem were determined by the Etest method. The significance of differences was analyzed by the chi-square test, Fisher's exact 2-tailed test, or the chi-square test for linear trend with Epi Info software, version 6.0 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). P values of Յ0.05 were considered statistically significant. Considering a single Campylobacter isolate per patient, 479 C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (86.6%), 38 C. coli (6.9%), and 36 other Campylobacter species (C. fetus, C. lari, C. upsaliensis, and C. hyointestinalis) (6.5%) isolates were obtained at CHUM-Hôpital Saint-Luc from 2002 to 2013. In previous studies, C. coli represented 7 to 15% of the Campylobacter spp. identified (6). Eight of the 479 (1.7%) C. jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates and 1 (2.6%) of the 38 C. coli
Journal of Food Safety, 2010
ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, isolated from slaughtered chickens and human feces, were examined for their susceptibility to six antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim) by broth microdilution, for minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and disc diffusion assays. For the 32 C. jejuni isolates, the highest levels of resistance were to trimethoprim (65.6% of the isolates by broth microdilution and 62.5% by disc diffusion) and cefotaxime (62.5% by both methods). Comparable levels of resistance to these antibiotics were found in the 24 C. coli isolates. Statistically significant differences were found between all C. coli isolates for cefotaxime (P = 0.0043) using disc diffusion. A high proportion of C. jejuni isolates show resistance to nalidixic acid using both the broth microdilution (59.4%) and disc diffusion (56.2%) methods. C. coli strains were resistant to this antibiotic showing proportions of 75% when tested by broth microdilution and 70.8% by disc diffusion.Multidrug resistance was detected in 21.8% and 62.5% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains, respectively, by broth microdilution test and in 28.1% and 75% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains by disc diffusion method. None of the isolates showed the same pattern of multidrug resistance.Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, isolated from slaughtered chickens and human feces, were examined for their susceptibility to six antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim) by broth microdilution, for minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and disc diffusion assays. For the 32 C. jejuni isolates, the highest levels of resistance were to trimethoprim (65.6% of the isolates by broth microdilution and 62.5% by disc diffusion) and cefotaxime (62.5% by both methods). Comparable levels of resistance to these antibiotics were found in the 24 C. coli isolates. Statistically significant differences were found between all C. coli isolates for cefotaxime (P = 0.0043) using disc diffusion. A high proportion of C. jejuni isolates show resistance to nalidixic acid using both the broth microdilution (59.4%) and disc diffusion (56.2%) methods. C. coli strains were resistant to this antibiotic showing proportions of 75% when tested by broth microdilution and 70.8% by disc diffusion.Multidrug resistance was detected in 21.8% and 62.5% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains, respectively, by broth microdilution test and in 28.1% and 75% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains by disc diffusion method. None of the isolates showed the same pattern of multidrug resistance.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe massive use of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry for the treatment and prevention of diseases can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria, like Campylobacter. In turn, the consumption of infected food of animal origin may represent a vehicle of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.The aim of this study was to ascertain the antibiotic resistance distributions of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains arising from both animal and human origins, in particular resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human therapies. This can contribute to evaluate the sanitary risks of foods intended for human consumption, especially those of animal source.The massive use of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry for the treatment and prevention of diseases can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria, like Campylobacter. In turn, the consumption of infected food of animal origin may represent a vehicle of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.The aim of this study was to ascertain the antibiotic resistance distributions of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains arising from both animal and human origins, in particular resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human therapies. This can contribute to evaluate the sanitary risks of foods intended for human consumption, especially those of animal source.