Changes of Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity in Soybean Seeds Harvested from Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infected Crops (original) (raw)
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Chemical Control of Asian Soybean Rust and Its Effect in the Yield and Quality of Soybean Seeds
Journal of Agricultural Science
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a foliar fungicide commonly used to control Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) in the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean seeds. The experiment was carried out during the 2012/13 field season, with six treatments and four replications arranged in a randomized complete block design. The following treatments were evaluated: T1 (no fungicide application); one application at R1 stage; two applications at R1 and R3 stages; three applications at R1, R3, and R5 stages; four applications at R1, R3, R5, and R6 stages and five applications at R1, R3, R5, R6 and R7 stages. Seeds yield, seed weight, viability and vigor assessments were used to measure the impact of foliar fungicide applications on soybean yield and seed quality. The results indicated that four fungicide applications provide higher grain yield, increased seed weight, and germination percentages within commercial standards. In contrast, the number of fung...
Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to rust disease (Phakopsora pachyrhizi
Pest and disease are one of limiting factor in soybean cultivation in Indonesia. One of the diseases that can reduce soybean production is rust diseases caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The use of resistant varieties can reduce yield losses due to this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of soybean genotypes to rust disease and to study the interaction between agronomic traits with rust disease on soybean genotypes. This study was conducted at a screen house of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) in Malang, Indonesia from April to July 2015. A total of 10 soybean genotypes consist of eight lines and two varieties (Argomulyo and Grobogan) was evaluated for rust resistance to rust disease. The eight lines tested were a progeny of a cross between offspring of IAC 100 (resistant to rust disease) with high yielding soybean varieties (Argomulyo and Grobogan). The experiment was arranged as randomized completely block design with four replications. Each genotype planted in five plastic pots for each replicate. Three weeks after planting, all plants were inoculated with rust disease. Inoculation was done by spraying a suspension of spores (spore density of 10 4 spore mL-1) to the surface of leaves. Observations were carried out on rust disease severity based on the method of International Working Group on Soybean Rust rating system, days to flowering, plant height, number of branches, number of fertile nodes, number of pods, and seed weight per plant. The results showed that all genotypes classified as moderately resistant to rust disease. In this study, days to flowering and plant height influence the development of rust disease severity. There are three lines that have seed weight per plant significantly heavier than Argomulyo (4.97 g) and Grobogan (4.30 g), namely K/I100//B63///G-7 (6.55 g), K/I100//B63///G-8 (6.15 g), and I100/B54//A-5 (5.85 g). The high value of the scales of seed weight per plant for the three lines is supported by high-performance plants with a lot of number of fertile nodes and pods. These three soybean genotypes potentially serve as genetic material to develop high yielding soybean varieties and resistant to rust disease.
Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2014
Soybean seed is a major source of phytochemical compounds that impact human health nutrition and livestock meal. Charcoal rot is a disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, and thought to infect the plants through roots by a toxin-mediated mechanism, resulting in yield loss and poor seed quality, especially under drought conditions. Limited information is available on the effect of charcoal rot on seed phytochemical compounds and mineral nutrition in soybean. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of charcoal rot infection on seed phenol, seed coat lignin, isoflavones, and minerals using susceptible (S) (DK 3964) and moderately resistant (MR) (AG 3905) maturity group (MG)III soybean cultivars to charcoal rot. A two-year field experiment was conducted, and infested soil with charcoal rot (infested soil conditions, INF) or control (non-infested soil conditions, NINF) was used. The results showed that the moderately resistant genotype had higher concentrations of seed phenolics, total isoflavones, and seed coat lignin under infested and non-infested conditions and under irrigated or non-irrigated conditions compared with the susceptible genotype. The same general trend was found for seed K, Ca, P, Mn, Zn, B, and Cu concentrations in the moderately resistant genotype compared with the susceptible genotype. Our research demonstrated that these seed phytochemical constituents may explain the differences between susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars and may play an important role in the resistance to charcoal rot.
2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take this opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of various parties and persons to the realization of the awesome task of completing this research. First and foremost am highly indebted to God, my creator and redeemer, who made provisions, directly or indirectly through persons every other time for all the needs that arose during the period of my study. I acknowledge and sincerely thank the National commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) Kenya for providing funds for the research. High appreciation is also made for the dedication of my supervisors Prof. Sheila Okoth, Dr. George Obiero and Dr. Jendeka Mahasi, for their guidance and encouragement throughout my research period. I thank God for their patience. I also acknowledge the input and guidance of the late Prof James Ochanda. I would like to express my gratitude to the technical staff at Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics; University of Nairobi (CEBIB-UON), Ms Anne Owiti and Mr Edwin Rono for their assistance during my research. I also extend my gratitude to the entire staff and students of CEBIB, in one way or the other they have made my work a reality. I would also wish to acknowledge and express my gratitude to the staff at KALRO (Njoro) for making available the seeds used in this study. Special gratitude to the technician Mr. Patrick Mbehero of KALRO, for his assistance during the course of the research. I would also wish to thank the staff from Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Maseno for training on soybean diseases and linking me with the farmers in Western Kenya. I would also wish to thank Mr. Peter Kataka of Khwisero for v his assistance during the field work. Special gratitude to agricultural extension officers and all soybean farmers from Khwisero, Teso, Butere and Mumias sub-counties for their input during field work. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my late parents Pastor Harrison Ogot and Mrs Sylvia Ogot, my husband Wilys, my daughters Mitchel and Grace and my siblings, Johnson, George, Enock, Peter and Joash for their endless love, moral and financial support that they provided during my study. I also want to acknowledge the support and motivation of my colleagues and friends, their motivation throughout my degree course kept me going. vi
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2021
Asian rust caused by Phakopsora pachirhizi, which is a major constraint to production of soybean, causing 90% yield losses in field. Synthetic fungicides used to control this disease are environmentally degrading and have negative impact on the health of producers and consumers. The use of resistant soybean genotypes can be an effective control alternative. The aim of this work is to evaluate the tolerance of soybean varieties to Asian rust disease under natural conditions. Forty-three soybean varieties were screened using a completely randomized block design with three replicate. Incidence and severity of disease at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) and yields were evaluated. Results show that disease incidence of Asian rust was significantly higher in the local variety R3 (16.67%; 29.63%; 75.93%) at 6, 8 and 10 WAS respectively. At 6 and 8 WAS severity of disease was higher in local variety R3 (21.17% and 24.14% respectively). The variety TGX-2010-12F has the highest yield (1.17 t ha-1) than the local variety R3 (0.17 t ha-1). Principal component analysis realized with incidence, severity of disease at 6, 8, 10 WAS and yield shows that 12 varieties are highly susceptible to Asian rust, 12 varieties are moderately resistant, and 19 varieties are susceptible. This study shows that Asian rust attacks all soybean varieties in the field. Moderately resistant varieties, can be advised to growers with appropriate protection methods or be subject to varietal improvement through genetic techniques.
Effect of soybean seed treatment with Trichoderma virens on its growth and total phenolic content
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS)
Trichoderma spp. are well known as soil inhabitant and saprophytic fungi. These fungi are utilized as biocontrol agents to suppress plant pathogens as well as plant growth promoters of many crops. The effects of T. virens conidia application as a seed coating on the growth of soybeans were investigated in the present study. The application of seven isolates of T. virens influenced the germination of soybean seeds. Numbers of normal germinate seeds varied from 64% to 84%. Root length was also affected by the colonization of T. virens. The root lengths of the treated seeds were from 21.8 cm to 29.3 cm, whereas the control was only 21.1 cm. Only several isolates influenced the shoots which were higher than that of the control. All isolates increased the weight of the roots. The weight of shoots was not significantly influenced by the isolates. The seven isolates were able to colonize the roots and the growth of all isolates on potato dextrose agar was from 3 to 6 days after the roots were surface sterilized. Secondary metabolites particularly total flavonoid and phenolic contents of soybean seedlings were also affected. The increases were from 1.6% to 9.4% and from 4.0% to 25.6% for total flavonoid and phenolic contents, respectively. Peroxidase activities were not much affected by all isolates. The T.v3 isolate was considered for the growth promotion of soybean seeds.
Evaluation of soybean lines for resistance to rust (phakopsorapachyrhizi)
International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Among the diseases that can reduce soybean production is rust disease caused by the fungus Phakopsorapachyrhizi. The aim is to evaluate the resistance of soybean genotypes to rust disease and to study there interactions between agronomic traits. The study was conducted at field and screen house in the University of Agriculture Makurdibetween julyto november2016. A total of 10 soybean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to rust disease. After inoculation in the laboratory, three lines TGX-1835-10E, TGX-1987-10F and TGX1945-4F showed a consistent moderate resistance to Phakopsorapachyrhizi. These soybeanGenotypeowered earlier and had the highest seed yield per plant (799.51kg/ha, 766.75K g/ha and 742.63 respectively). In contrast, the lines TGX-1949-10F and TGX-1485-1D which is the control , flowered at about 43 days after planting, had seed yield per plant of (404.30 and 254.23kg/ha, respectively),these lines had significantly lower yield and susceptible to rust. In the field, four lines had seed weight per plant significantly heavier than TGX-1949-10F and TGX-1485-1D, namely TGX-1835-10E, TGX-1987-10F, TGX-1904-6F and TGX-1945-4E and using a polygon view, the best performing lines were visualized as TGX-1987-10F was best in Environments one and TGX-1835-10E in two.Base on average environment coordination (AEC) procedure, TGX-1945-1F and TGX-1945-4E had yields above the grand means and stable while TGX-1945-4F and TGX-1935-3F were identified with high but unstable yield, the soybean lines with heavier seed weight per plant should potentially serve as genetic material to develop high yielding soybean varieties and resistant to rust disease.
Development of Brazilian Soybean Cultivars Well Adapted to Cerrado and Rust-Tolerant
— The major diseases limiting soybean growth and yield must be either controlled or mitigated. Among these, soybean rust is the most harmful; in addition, Phakopsora pachyrhizi populations less susceptible to both IDM and IQe fungicides were observed. Therefore, this invention aimed at developing a new soybean cultivar rust resistant and highly productive. Generations were advanced by single seed descent method on the Capim Branco farm, Federal University of Uberlândia. Value for Cultivation and Use were carried out during a 3-year period (2010/13) in several locations, and Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability experiments for a 2-year period (2011/13) on the Capim Branco farm. Hence, we developed the novel soybean cultivar designated UFUS 7415. UFUS 7415 has shown high contents of oil (20%) and protein (40%), and high yield potential (4.300 kg ha-1) even in environments with Asian rust.