Research on Integrity: A Review and Assessment (original) (raw)

Reviewing Literature Research on Integrity Issues

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Anti-Corruption and Integrity, 2019

These days, the record number of criminal demonstrations of defilement in Indonesia is still at a high level. Integrity turns into a significant value that is expected to forestall the event of degenerate conduct. The developing number of integrity and debasement research intrigued numerous researchers with regard to high education institutions in Indonesia. The point of this study is to portray mapping ideas subject of interest from the certain purpose of perspectives. Information was gathered from 93 research article which is published and documented on Portal Garuda Indonesia. From this exploration, we can infer that the majority of research on integrity was oriented on the social environment rather than individual object points of view and still is very limited on social and local wisdom culture perspective.

A conceptual framework of integrity

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 2008

This article reports on the findings of a qualitative study in which the construction of integrity of some business leaders was explored. Data were gathered through ten in-depth interviews with six South African business leaders commended to be champions of integrity. A grounded-theory approach to the data analysis elicited five themes. These themes and their interrelatedness are discussed in this article and a conceptual framework of integrity is proposed. Integrity is conceptualised as a multifaceted and dynamic construct based on a moral foundation and inner drive that is managed by cognitive and affective processes manifesting various integrity-related behaviours.

Integrity among Academics: Concept, Challenge and Way Forward

Creative Education

The degree of integrity among academics is yet to be determined because there is no proper instrument for such measurement. The purpose of this paper is therefore to identify elements that can measure integrity, as well as develop integrity framework or model. Among the themes discussed in this paper are, what are the theories, models and concepts related to integrity, previous studies on integrity and subsequent discussions on the development process of the model that are appropriate for measuring integrity. This concept paper concludes that integrity can be measured based on the values required for integrity. The implication of this concept paper is that the values that are inherent in a person determine their level of integrity. This concept paper recommends that integrity should be measured over time. It is not only to produce an index of integrity but also to remind academics of the appropriate values and practices in fulfilling their responsibilities. Furthermore, ongoing exposures to integrity instruments may prevent misconceptions about integrity that only associated with corruption, abuse of power, unprofessional and inaccurate matters in terms of duties, responsibilities, roles or positions held.

Whither Integrity I: Recent Faces of Integrity 1

Philosophy Compass, 2013

Despite the fact that most of us value integrity, and despite the fact that we readily understand one another when we talk and argue about it, integrity remains elusive to understand. Considerable scholarly attention has left troubling disagreement on fundamental issues: Is integrity in fact a virtue? If it is, what is it a virtue of? Why exactly should we value integrity? What is the appropriate way to have concern for one's own integrity? Is having integrity compatible with having significant moral flaws? After an overview of common 'data points' or platitudes concerning integrity, this article outlines six distinct views of integrity that have been defended and draws attention to problems each has accommodating these data points. 1. Some Data Points Given the different senses of integrity in common usage, and given numerous divergent conceptions of integrity in the literature, it will be useful to set out some data points in

Integrity: a systems theory classification

Journal of Management History, 2007

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to provide a meaningful framework for the classification of the integrity trait in the moral context (ethics), offering an understandable conceptualization of a notion that although identified as central in the literature has is not been defined in a clear and conventional way. Design/methodology/approach-Grounding ideas on the person-situation historical debate, and drawing on the insights of Luhmann's General System Theory, this paper develops a multileveled framework that categorizes the view of integrity. Findings-The integrity framework presents three categories (levels) of integrity: personal integrity, moral integrity and organizational integrity (OI). This classification serves as a bridging mechanism when trying to link different academic areas (e.g. psychology and ethics) since it provides some agreement on the different meanings and perspectives of the concept of integrity present in the literature. Practical implications-Practical application of the framework is foreseen within the organizational context, where managers could use it for articulating some of the more intangible aspects that compose their organizational cultures, and which in turn, impact their employees' behavior. In addition, the framework is useful to detect possible/future conflicts of interests that may arise due to different personal (employees) and organizational (company) views of integrity. Originality/value-This paper alerts scholars and practitioners to the need of a sound classification of the concept of integrity, plus an agreement on its meaning, scope and uses. Consequently, it develops a multileveled framework to show an understandable conceptualization of the trait, paving the road for multidisciplinary research on the topic.

Organizational ethical integrity: good and bad illusions

Palgrave Communications, 2017

Integrity has always been an ambiguous or vague concept. Integrity as a general concept seems to be too problematic in philosophical or scientific language. This paper will aim to improve and preserve the specific notion of integrity—the concept of moral integrity as a virtue and as a moral purpose, and its opposite—the concept of counterfeit moral integrity or false moral integrity. It stresses a strong relationship between the concepts of morality and the concept of moral integrity: if moralities are diverse, moral integrity has many forms too, and the forms are only as good as the morality behind them. The paper emphasizes their organizational dimensions because any organizational impact—due to its scale—can be especially beneficial or detrimental to society. The first objective is to introduce a preliminary conceptual order by means of definitions and typologies to support clearer (language analysis) and more critical (Critical Theory) thinking on organizational moral integrity: establishing definitions of moral and ethical integrity, new definitions of material and formal moral integrity, descriptions of irrational and rational moral integrit, and individual and organizational moral integrity. The definitions and typologies are designed to be prototypes of false integrity " detectors ". The second objective is to outline an ideal of a total and rational moral commitment for every organization: organizational material ethical integrity (OMEI). The ideal of OMEI points out that most self-proclaimed ethical organizations are probably not ethically committed. The third objective is to justify the theses that (1) moral integrity can be good or bad, not simply good, and that (2) false moral integrity can be good. Whether we think of " Kantian-Nazi " integrity of Adolf Eichmann or lethal and irrational integrity of Islamic State fighters, moral integrity based on bad morality is bad. False ethical integrity (or rational moral integrity) is always bad because it imitates good morality for a bad purpose, for example: rational discourse on integrity can be a " smokescreen " to hide exploitation of labor or environmental degradation. As in the case with Irena Sendler who pretended to be " a good slave " to save children's lives, false moral integrity can be ethically good if it simulates bad morality for a good purpose. The paper offers ethical justifications for " ethical prestidigitators " , " warriors of illusions " , masters of " moral aikido " : persons and organizations that use counterfeit integrity to maximize ethical values.

Integrity in the business environment Associate professor Marieta SAFTA 1

Tribuna Juridica, 2018

Increasing integrity, reducing vulnerabilities and corruption risks in the business environment is a strategic goal. Its achievement implies specific measures such as the exchange of good practices in the implementation of integrity programs between the private and the public sector, the organization of regular public consultations between representatives of the public sector and the business sector on the national anticorruption agenda and the public policies with impact on the activity economic development of anti-bribery policies and programs developed at the level of companies, including by bringing them to the attention of potential contractors and suppliers and requiring compliance with equivalent standards, initiating dialogue with regulatory authorities in areas such as energy, mineral resources, to implement legal standards integrity. The present study is dedicated to the analysis of integrity issues in the business environment, to the specific measures adopted by the Romanian state in accordance with and in the application of international reference standards, as well as to the perspectives in this essential area of business law.

Integrity: its causes and cures

Legal Ethics and Human Dignity

Integrity is a good thing, isn't it? In ordinary parlance, we sometimes use it as a near synonym for honesty, but the word means much more than honesty alone. It means wholeness or unity of person, an inner consistency between deed and principle. "Integrity" shares etymology with other unity-words-integer, integral, integrate, integration. All derive from the Latin integrare, to make whole. And the person of integrity is the person whose conduct and principles operate in happy harmony. Our psyches always seek that happy harmony. When our conduct and principles clash with each other, the result, social psychology teaches us, is cognitive dissonance. And dissonance theory hypothesizes that one of our fundamental psychic mechanisms is the drive to reduce dissonance. You can reduce dissonance between conduct and principles in two

Integrity and Integrity Management in Public Life

2017

1. Integrity in public life is an essential component in establishing trust between citizens and their governments. However, over recent decades there has been increasing concern worldwide that standards of integrity are in decline. In part, that concern reflects a parallel focus on corruption as a core threat to good governance. The two concepts-corruption and integrity-are thus often understood as two sides of the same coin, an increase in one leading to a decline in the other. 2. In practice, much of the attention devoted to integrity has been largely implicit: rather than exploring in depth what should be understood by integrity in public life, and how to achieve it, researchers, activists and policy-makers have too often seemed to assume that integrity will result from the elimination of corruption. Their focus has therefore overwhelmingly been on tackling corruption, rather than on promoting integrity. 3. To focus primarily on corruption inevitably places emphasis on the negative behaviours we are seeking to prevent as opposed to the positive behaviours we wish to encourage. Integrity means more than just 'not corrupt', and involves doing the right thing in the right way. 4. Lack of clarity about what integrity is has hindered attempts to promote it. In particular, the relationship between personal integrity and role-based integrity, as well as between integrity at the individual or at the institutional level, has resulted in confusion about the how the concept can be translated into practical action. 5. Integrity thus entails complex relationships with other dimensions, and can be analysed from various perspectives. For the purpose of developing an approach to integrity management (that is, the formal framework to ensure ethical behaviour by public officials), the report distinguishes core characteristics of personal and political integrity. The former entails: wholeness (thinking beyond just the personal); action that is consistent with principles (doing the right things); morality (doing things for the right reasons); and process (doing things in the right way). The latter encompasses: normative justice; openness and transparency; citizen engagement; and impartial authorities. 6. Predominant anti-corruption approaches respond to a logic that does not sit easily with the promotion of integrity. The reason is that policies designed to combat corruption are usually developed as a reaction or response to particular scandals, or else are designed to prevent specific behaviours. They are driven by an attempt to address the visible expression of corruption, focusing primarily on institutional configurations or regulatory frameworks, rather than the promotion of a pro-integrity mind-set amongst public officials. 7. The report therefore addresses the issue of integrity management, focusing on what the OECD (2009) has referred to as an implementation deficit, as well as on the relationship between compliance-based and values-based approaches to ensuring high standards in public administration. The reports pays particular attention to the issues of culture and leadership in promoting appropriate models of integrity. 8. The report is informed by fieldwork that was undertaken in Bolivia and Rwanda, as well as by desk-based research on relevant primary and secondary sources.

Integrity, ethics and corruption

During the last decades, corruption, a “social illness” has been spread to a number of countries all over the globe. Corruption is subversive of good governance, stable economic structures, stable legal systems and just and other structures because it replaces the normal rules which determine the outcomes of dealings between individuals, organisations, between organisations and the state and various commercial entities. It “undermines the fairness, stability and efficiency of a society and its ability to deliver sustainable development to its members” (Sampford,2006). The fighting and prevention of corruption is closely linked to installation of integrity, ethics, establishing the rule of law, consolidating security and building prosperity in our societies. A number of principles that characterise “good governance”, primarily the following: efficiency, transparency, accountability, avoidance of putting private interest ahead of public interest, loyalty, expediency and effectiveness. When we say integrity, it is as if we mentioned each of these principles. The word ‘integrity’ originates from the Latin word integritas and means indivisibility, stainlessness, honesty, reality, due diligence and other moral values of a person. Integrity of a civil servant and a state employee means that he/she has adequate knowledge and skills, acts ethically in accordance with the laws and morality and is not susceptible under the unethical and immoral (corruptive) pressure. Integrity of the institution refers to the method of work of the institution and its employees who work and act independently, impartially, transparently and fairly. By strengthening the integrity of both civil servants and institutions, the public confidence in the work of state authorities will be increased. One cannot talk about the integrity of the institution if there is no integrity of the individual, who knows and accepts that the interest of the institution should be above his/ her private interests (Komianos, 2010).