OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE (original) (raw)
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Ottoman architecture is the architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries. The architecture of the empire developed from the earlier Seljuk architecture and was influenced by the Byzantine architecture, Armenian architecture, Iranian [1][2] as well as Islamic Mamluk traditions after the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottomans. [3][4][5] For almost 400 years Byzantine architectural artifacts such as the church of Hagia Sophia served as models for many of the Ottoman mosques. [5] Overall, Ottoman architecture has been described as Byzantine architecture synthesized with architectural traditions of the Mediterranean and the Middle East. [6] The Ottomans achieved the highest level architecture in their lands hence or since. They mastered the technique of building vast inner spaces confined by seemingly weightless yet massive domes, and achieving perfect harmony between inner and outer spaces, as well as articulated light and shadow. Islamic religious architecture which until then consisted of simple buildings with extensive decorations, was transformed by the Ottomans through a dynamic architectural vocabulary of vaults, domes, semi domes and columns. The mosque was transformed from being a cramped and dark chamber with arabesque-covered walls into a sanctuary of aesthetic and technical balance, refined elegance and a hint of heavenly transcendence. Today, one finds remnants of Ottoman architecture in certain parts of its former territories under decay. [7]
Süleymaniye and Nuruosmaniye Mosques: Classical vs. New?
This opinion piece on the evolution of Ottoman architecture is among the papers I wrote during my undergraduate years. This particular piece was written for a project within the Bogazici and Columbia Universities' collaborative summer school in 2015, Istanbul. I present these papers under my undergraduate paper series. This piece speculates about the evolution of Ottoman Royal architecture focusing on two mosques: Suleymaniye Mosque as one of the Masterpieces of Sinan the Architect and Nuruosmaniye Mosque which reflects Mahmud I's early reformation policies for the Ottoman State apparatus. Mahmud I is among the most underrated sultans. During his short reign, Mahmud I built almost all the libraries in Royal mosques including Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and Suleymaniye Mosque. His devotion to modernization and reimagining of the French Baroque with hints of Byzantine and Roman architecture presents us with an era of evolution in Ottoman art and architecture.
A NEW PERSPECTIVE TOWARDS NINETEENTH CENTURY OTTOMAN PROVINCIAL MOSQUES
15th International Congress of Turkish Art Conference Proceeding Book, 2018
In architectural historiography, nineteenth century Ottoman mosque architecture is usually discussed in terms of Ottoman westernization. There is a strong tendency among Ottoman historians to describe and define the nineteenth century Ottoman Empire within the decline- dissolution paradigm. A similar pattern can also be observed in Ottoman architectural historiography for distinct’ architectural languages of the era. While the architectural elements and spatial configuration of sultans’ mosques in the Ottoman capital, Istanbul, determine the discourse, (the eclectic style, as previously mentioned), which can be found in Mecidiye, Teşvikiye, Aziziye, Pertevniyal Valide and Hamidiye mosques in Istanbul, for the all of the nineteenth century Ottoman mosques. However, the provincial mosques, those that have received support from the sultan himself, have distinct spatial design and ornamental approaches than the mosques found in the capital. Thus, the examination of these mosques can give us an alternative historiography of 19th century Ottoman mosque architecture.
The developments in architecture make a statement not only in practicality but also in lifestyles needs for a particular period. There is also a direct association with the architecture with a link to lifestyle, culture, social order, and specific needs within the various areas. The current architecture in Turkey, like most parts of the world including Rome and Greece indicates the development of the landscape as well as the historical, religious, cultural, and home areas reflects understanding of architecture, evident in ottoman rule. Modern development is often one based on urban spaces while the traditional means created with religious formations that were a part of Turkey. The research will examine the different pieces of architecture associated with Turkey’s Ottoman era and contemporary classic-style influenced by European cubism and modernism and introducing westernization and secularization. Consequently, this paper intercepts the ottoman rule with contemporary architecture using literature on architecture from the perspective of historical affiliations and contemporary changes as a part of culture. The concept of architecture in contemporary times in Turkey then will look examine the contemporary artefacts. The paper also examines Ottoman architecture design elements present in modern day mosques. One such element is the dome that has continually characterized the structure of mosques and without which this Islamic symbol loses contact with the audience. Keywords: Ottoman Architecture, Contemporary or Turkey Republic Architecture, Dwellings and Mosques in Turkey,
The Aksaray Pertevni̇yal Vali̇de Sultan Mosque Complex
The Aksaray Pertevni̇yal Vali̇de Sultan Mosque Complex:Reflections on the patronage of a nineteenth century valide sultan, 2016
Pertevniyal (1810-1884), the last queen-mother bearing the title of valide sultan in the empire's history, was a prominent figure in the nineteenth century Ottoman society and a significant patron of architecture. This thesis analyzes Pertevniyal Valide Sultan's architectural patronage and the symbolically-charged meanings embedded in her patronage by focusing on the Aksaray Valide Sultan Mosque Complex, the most significant commission undertaken by the valide, which was completed in 1871 and was located in the Aksaray district of Istanbul. This study investigates for the first time the valide's life and patronage in detail and is based on many unpublished archival documents related to Pertevniyal. For the analysis of the mosque, this thesis first looks at the historiography of scholarship about the complex since the building, particularly its architectural style, was received and interpreted in dramatically different ways by scholars assessing the structure since it was built. By examining the complex's archival records and other contemporary primary sources, the purpose of this thesis is to locate the building within its historical context and determine how it was shaped by the socio-political and cultural dynamics of the late Tanzimat era. It also investigates how this architectural project served as an embodiment of its patron's motivations and intentions. Given the few studies which focus on the symbolic analysis of the nineteenth century Ottoman architectural enterprise and its relationship with gendered imperial patronage, this thesis contributes to current literature on Ottoman architectural history by exploring how a nineteenth century valide sultan exploited a diverse set of iconographies in the realization of her complex and cultivated specific imperial and dynastic identities through architectural patronage during the late Tanzimat era.
Suleymaniye Mosque : Space Construction and Technical Challenges
2015
This paper discussed the technical challenges faced architect Sinan when building Suleymaniye Mosque in the sixteenth century in the city of Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. This research began with the introduction that describes the reasons and justifications for conducting this academic work, explaining the objectives sought by the researcher to achieve. Chapter II discussed the monumental body of the Hagia Sophia and the factors that shaped its construction. Chapter III stands on the nature of the great amount of efforts architect Sinan exerted in building Suleymaniye Mosque, which linked to the name of a great Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, who wants construction no less important than any other building in the city of Istanbul. Finally concluded to research results showed the level of architectural qualities of Süleymaniye Mosque.
Comparison between Ottoman Buildings inside and outside the Borders of Turkey
2018
The Ottoman architecture is visible both within the Anatolian plateau and in the conquered lands, and has many characteristics and differences. Conquest of Constantinople is a turning point for a radical revision of the design of the buildings. After the event, and because of the desire of the kings to leave the magnificent architectural monuments, most of the buildings are similar to those of Aya Sofia. And most people in the Ottoman royal family, mosques, schools, monasteries or other buildings built their own name. With Ottoman domination on the land of Levant, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the style of Ottoman architecture was influenced by local and indigenous styles. The Ottoman architecture also has a lot of influences on local styles. By comparing the effects of Ottoman architecture in Turkey and beyond its boundaries, one can consider the effects of the styles and patterns of the native architecture of the occupied territories. The aim of this paper is to study the adaptive architecture of mosques, schools, monasteries and other important Ottoman buildings inside and outside the borders of Turkey and to understand the effects of local and national architectural influences on the land of Levant, Egypt and Saudi Arabia on the Ottoman architecture.