New Threats to Human Security in the Era of Globalization (original) (raw)
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Globalization, Human Security and Some Intervening Concerns
European Scientific Journal, 2014
Traditionally the concept of "security" has been couched in neo-realist terms, relating to protecting the territorial integrity and political sovereignty of nations. This continues to be a legitimate concern for scholars and policy-makers alike, but at the current state of human development it is clear that an alternative or even complimentary conception of "security" needs to assume critical importance. A conceptualization of security that is centered primarily on the individual or community can be understood as human security. This notion grows from the assumption that there are needs, problems, and issues that are common to all of mankind no matter what part of the world they live in, for example, poverty; the spread of communicable diseases; environmental degradation; the loss of faith in institutions; population pressures; and economic crisis. It is imperative that we view these concerns in terms of global trends and forces that affect the individual. The question then is ; how can we ensure human security? This can be achieved not through force of arms, but through policies that lead to the empowerment of people and an attack on the sources of intervening concerns and contemporary problems as such poverty,migration and income inequality challenges. These issues form the kernel of the present paper. In concluding, the paper proffers suggestions by way of some reversal policies that can mitigate some of the challenges identified so as to ensure improved human security on the global plane.
National and human security has been fundamentally undermined by policies promoted by the key institutions of globalization. Adopting a state-centred conceptualization of security demonstrates how globalization at once weakens and fragments the state, while militarizing both the state and substate actors, contributing systematically to the emergence of intra- and inter-state conflicts. A human-centred framework, however, focusing on the impact of globalization on individuals and communities, shows that this process is further linked to the generation of structural violence across national boundaries. Both these national -and human- level processes are mutually interdependent and impact on one another reciprocally. Hence, the world capitalist economy has created a phenomenon that can be accurately described as the globalization of insecurity, by firstly generating conflict thus destabilizing nations and communities, and secondly escalating impoverishment, disease and deprivation.
HUMAN SECURITY IN CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION: INFORMATION SECURITY ASPECT
Annotation: The article observes the problem of human security in the process of globalization from information security perspective. It discusses and reveals the main threats to human security on national, regional and global levels of information security. The author is convinced that nowadays national, regional and global security architecture should be human-centric instead of being state-centric, specifically when it comes to the perspective of information warfare.
It is my pleasure to be a speaker at this workshop. I know that most of you here are people dealing with information technologies. For this reason I wanted to talk to you about those aspects of security that were mostly interrelated with the development of science and high technologies. And this is how I chose the topic of globalization and security. I think it very much corresponds to the overall subject of this conference.
HUMAN SECURITY IN A GLOBAL AGE
Human Security has been part of academic and policy discourses since it was first promoted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in its 1994 Human Development Report. It means protecting fundamental freedoms. It means protecting people from critical (severe) and pervasive (widespread) threats and situations. It means using processes that build on people's strengths and aspirations. It means creating political, social, environmental, economic, military, and cultural systems that together give people the building blocks of survival. This paper examines the origins of the concept of human security, debates surrounding its definition and scope, some of the threats to human security in the world today, and international efforts to promote human security. It proceeds in five parts. The section, 'What is human security?', traces the origin and evolution of the concept, examines competing definitions offered by scholars and policy-makers, draws attention to the three distinct conceptions of human security that shape current debates, and takes a look at the usefulness of the concept of human security. The section that follows offers a brief overview of some contributions to the human security literature. The next section reviews debates and controversies about human security, especially over the analytic and policy relevance of the notion, and the broad and narrow meaning of the concept ('freedom from fear' versus 'freedom from want'). The fourth section examines some of the threats to human security today. While the concept of human security encompasses a wide range of threats, due to lack of space, this section will focus on the trends in armed conflicts as well as the interrelationship between conflict and other violence threats to human security, such as poverty, disease, and environmental degradation. The final section analyzes the international community's efforts to promote human security and concludes by identifying the major challenges to promoting the notion of human security today.
Human security: securing economics, politics and governance in a globalized world
One of the more fascinating themes of the present debate about the role of the State in international relations is the concept of human security. It was first introduced in the Human Development Report published in 1994 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as one of the five pillars of a new “people-centred world order”. It was used to identify a new approach to security based on a two-fold conception of the term: “first, safety from chronic threats as hunger, disease and repression. And second, it means protection from sudden and hurtful disruptions in the patterns of daily life”. Since then, it has developed within the new policy framework of human security governance. My interest is thus to investigate the relation between human security governance and the State as it is implied in current debate on human security. I will attempt to draft the central features of multiform policies, set to work by – and by means of – multiple actors, including the State, in order to bring about economic development, security and democratic government. I will focus on migration and global policies on recovery and support of displaced people so to highlight the role attributed to the global market and to economic actors. Lastly, I will briefly discuss global security governance as an expression of a non-statal government over populations, which necessitates the strengthening both of statal institutions and of autonomous dynamics of the competitive market. In fact, the relation between human security as a framework and economic development has not received enough attention so far in current literature on human security.
Towards a Human Security-Oriented Conception of Public Security in the Context of Globalization
Ciencia Ergo Sum, 2014
Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 71 C I E N C I A e r g o -s u m , V o l . 21-1, marzo-junio 2 0 14. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México. Pp. 71-76. Este artículo forma parte de los productos académicos derivados del proyecto Conacyt CB-2010/156846 "Políticas públicas en materia de seguridad pública y justicia penal para el estado constitucional mexicano", coordinado por el Dr. Enrique Uribe Arzate. Se agradecen los comentarios de los árbitros de la revista.