UV Activation of Persulfate for Removal of Penicillin G Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution (original) (raw)
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Degradation of Penicillin G by heat activated persulfate in aqueous solution
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018
We used Heat Activated of Persulfate (HAP) to decompose Penicillin G (PEN G) in aqueous solution. The effect of pH (3e11), temperature (313e353 K), and initial concentration of Sodium Persulfate (SPS) (0.05 e0.5 mM) on the decomposition level of PEN G were investigated. The residue of PEN G was determined by spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 290 nm. Also, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was measured in each experiment. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis was utilized for surveying the mineralization of PEN G. In addition, based on Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of PEN G decomposition was calculated. The results indicated that the maximum PEN G removal rate was obtained at pH 5 and by increasing the doses of SPS from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, the PEN G decomposition was enhanced. It was found that an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in removal efficiency of PEN G. The activation energy of the studied process was determined to be 94.8 kJ mol À1 , suggesting that a moderate activation energy is required for PEN G decomposition. The TOC measurements indicate that the HAP can efficiently mineralize PEN G. Besides, the presence of the scavengers significantly suppressed the HAP process to remove the PEN G. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that using HAP process can be a suitable method for decomposing of PEN G in aqueous solutions.
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT
Pollution of water resources with pharmaceuticals along with the failure of conventional water treatment methods to remove resistant pollutants increased the attention to advanced water treatment techniques. The present study reviewed the literature of ultraviolet persulfate based advanced oxidation process (AOP) for the removal of antibiotics. Results showed that the removal of antibiotics in UV/ PS systems was pH dependent and the sulfate radicals were dominant in the neutral situation. Also, complete degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) occurred at pH 7 in 60-min reaction time at the peroxymonosulfate [PMS]/ [CIP] molar ratio of 20 in wastewater medium. Analyzing the antibiotic degradation pathway in UV/PS system suggested that regions with the highest electron density values were most susceptible to react with reactive oxygen species from which decomposition began. Finally, based on the literature review, the removal of antibiotics needs to be considered by UV/PS processes in the real aqueous medium. It is also necessary to study the scavenging effect of mineral scavengers, as well as the study of organic scavengers can provide significant information in this area. Both toxicity test and determining the bacterial resistance of new degradation compounds can be useful to clarify the degradation pathway.
Carbocatalytic activation of persulfate for removal of antibiotics in water solutions
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016
Highlights Carbon black shows good activity as a low-cost persulfate activator for diclofenac oxidation Complex water matrix interactions determine degradation rates Diclofenac adsorption on carbon black surface is pH-sensitive, but oxidation is not Coupling carbon black with light or ultrasound enhances degradation synergistically Αbstract In this study, carbon black (CB) was employed as a heterogeneous activator for the conversion of sodium persulfate (SPS) to reactive species for the degradation of drug diclofenac (DCF). Experiments were performed at DCF concentrations between 0.5 and 4 mg/L, CB concentrations between 25 and 75 mg/L and SPS concentrations between 25 and 200 mg/L. Degradation rates, based on pseudo-first order kinetics, generally increased with decreasing DCF and increasing CB concentrations. The rate also increased with increasing SPS concentration up to 50 mg/L and decreased at higher values due to scavenging effects. Besides experiments in ultrapure water (UPW), real matrices were tested (i.e. bottled water (BW), surface water (SW), secondary treated wastewater (WW)), as well as UPW spiked with bicarbonate (50-500 mg/L), chloride (100-500 mg/L) or humic acid (10-20 mg/L). Degradation rates decreased with increasing matrix complexity, while the addition of chloride or humic acid was detrimental to the process; on the contrary, bicarbonate at 500 mg/L enhanced DCF degradation rate nearly five-fold. The effect of initial solution pH was also studied in the range 3-9.5 showing that degradation was not pH-sensitive. Experiments were also performed activating SPS by simulated solar radiation or 20 kHz ultrasound with or without CB. Coupling activators (i.e. CB with solar light or CB with ultrasound) favored DCF degradation in a synergistic way, with the level of synergy being 45-50%.
2018
Azithromycin is among the broad-spectrum antibiotics that is widely available in various environmental systems and could have destructive effects on the ecosystem and human health due to its bacterial resistance. In this study, removal of azithromycin from wastewater using an advanced oxidation process of ultraviolet light with and without persulfate was investigated and effective parameters for the management of each of the processes were evaluated. The effect of different parameters including the concentration of Azithromycin antibiotic at levels 5, 15, 45 mgL-1; the concentration of persulfate at levels 1, 2, 4 mmol; pH at levels 5, 7, 9, contact time in 30, 60, 90 minute range of azithromycin removal was investigated. Ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nanometers was used to irradiate the reactor. The results showed that azithromycin removal was significantly lower in the presence of ultraviolet radiation alone 58% with the removal efficiency than the case that ultraviolet...
Applied Water Science
Research evidence has shown that pollution of surface and underground waters is the leading sources of environmental and health-related problems. Disposed unused therapeutic drugs have been known to contaminate underground water and also offer drug resistance to infection-causing bacterial. This research seeks to evaluate the use of US/PS/Fe3O4 for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP-F) from aqueous solutions. The research also seeks to obtain the optimum set of conditions about which the highest removal efficiency of CIP-F is obtained by monitoring the used pH, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) concentration, PS concentration, CIP-F concentration, and contact time. The analysis was done using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Cecil model CE102) set at 280 nm. The result shows that a 98.43% removal efficiency is achievable after optimization if the separation parameters were set to the optimum conditions (pH = 5, CIP-F concentration = 200 mg/L, PS concentration = 0.15 mol/L, Fe3O4 concentration = 0...
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019
The development of advanced photochemical processes has experienced the emergence of a promising alternative for water disinfection, different from traditional methods. The applicability has primarily been investigated in drinking and wastewater; however, new challenges related to microbiological control in marine waters necessitate evaluating the applicability of this process in such water matrices. In this study, the efficacy of persulfate (PDS) activated with UV-light against E. faecalis has been tested on the bench scale. Firstly, optimization of the different PDS concentrations (1-10 mM) and exposure times (0-5 min) was performed in distilled water. 1 mM of PDS was selected as the best dosage within the range tested. Secondly, in order to evaluate the effects of different inorganic compounds usually found in natural waters, the efficiency of the UV/PDS system was tested in three different matrices: mineral water, saltwater, and marine saltwater. Finally, different bacteria were evaluated in consortium (E. coli + E. faecalis), suggesting the same inactivation level independently on the bacterial groups and structures. The results suggest that PDS is an attractive alternative to other photochemical processes currently in use for seawater treatment and this application deserved further research.
Photodegradation of the Antibiotic Penicillin G in the Aqueous Solution using UV-A Radiation
Iranian Journal Of Health Sciences, 2013
Background and purpose: Highly consumption of antibiotics and their entrance into the environment has increased concerns all over the world. These compounds enter to the environment through an incomplete metabolism and a considerable amount of them cannot be removed using usual waste filtration systems. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) to remove penicillin G (PENG) from aqueous phase and determining its removal efficiency. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out in the batch mode. The samples were assessed in a 2-liter reactor. In order to investigate the effect of UV-A radiation on the removal rate of antibiotic penicillin G (PENG), the following parameters were studied. Three concentration levels of PENG antibiotic (10,25, and 45 mg/l) were exposed to UV-A at three pH levels (3,7,11) and were evaluated at four reaction times (30,60,90, and 120 min). Antibiotic penicillin G (PENG) was determined using HPLC instrument (Waters YL9100,USA) and results analyzed using factorial design software. Results: The finding demonstrated that antibiotic removal rate increased by decreasing pH and decreasing the initial concentration of antibiotic and increasing contact time. The maximum rate of penicillin G removal occurred in acidic pH (pH=3) is as much as 38%. All of the variables in the process have been statistically significant effect (p<0.001). Conclusion: Results showed that by reducing the pH, increasing contact time and reducing the antibiotic concentration, the removal rate increases. In conclusion, photodegradation process using UV-A may enhance the rate of penicillin G degradation in polluted water and could be used as a complementary step for other chemical and biological processes to remove penicillin G from the aqueous solution. Therefore, UV-A process in conjugate with the other processes is an appropriate method for reducing antibiotic penicillin G in polluted water resources.
Water and Environment Journal, 2020
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are only partially removed by convectional wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed at assessing the post-treatment degradation of selected antibiotics and antiretroviral drugs by direct UV photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (UV/H 2 O 2 and UV/Cl 2) using low-pressure mercury lamp. The rate of degradation largely followed pseudo first-order reaction kinetics. Amongst the six studied APIs, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and zidovudine were readily degraded by more than 90% using direct UV photolysis. Addition of Cl 2 and H 2 O 2 to the UV process led to an increase in the rate of degradation for all the compounds. The effectiveness UV/Cl 2 process was affected to a greater extent by the background effluent organic matter. This implies that higher electrical energy and oxidant would be required in the UV/Cl 2 process relative to UV/H 2 O 2 process. Generally, electrical energy required to remove 90% of the target compounds increased in the order UV/H 2 O 2 < UV/Cl 2 < UV processes. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. E. Ngumba et al.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016
The presence of antibiotics and their metabolites in natural waters has raised some concern among scientists around the world because it can lead to bacterial resistance and other unknown consequences to mankind and wildlife. Persulfate (PS)-driven oxidation is a new technology that has been used successfully to remediate contaminated sites, but its use to treat wastewater, especially sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent, is still scarce. This paper describes the effect of several persulfate activation methods for degrading sulfathiazole (STZ) in Milli-Q water and in STP effluent. Some parameters, such as pH, persulfate concentration, presence of Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+), and Fe(3+), as well as copper and iron organic complexes, were studied in STZ degradation. Raising the pH from 5 to 9, as well as the persulfate concentration, resulted in increased STZ degradation. Among the transition metals evaluated, only Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) were able to activate persulfate molecules. Copp...
Removal of penicillin G from aqueous phase by Fe+3-TiO2/UV-A process
Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2014
Background: Anomalous use of antibiotics and their entrance into the environment have increased concerns around the world. These compounds enter the environment through an incomplete metabolism and a considerable amount of them cannot be removed using conventional wastewater treatment. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are evaluation of the feasibility of using ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) and fortified nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) doped with Fe +3 to remove penicillin G (PENG) from aqueous phase and determining the optimum conditions for maximum removal efficiency.