How We Know (original) (raw)
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Journal of Gambling Issues
Given significant technological advances, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in 2018 permitting U.S. states to offer and regulate sports wagering, and multiple international governments already regulating and licensing sports wagering operators, sports wagering will likely continue to grow exponentially. This expanding landscape of sports wagering may pose public health problems. This literature review provides a description of our current knowledge of sports gambling behaviour among adults, adolescents, and athletes, including prevalence rates and factors associated with problem gambling sports bettors. We highlight new issues that are surfacing, particularly the interaction between online betting, sports viewing, live betting, mobile technology, and sports fantasy gambling. We also address future research directions, including the need for longitudinal studies to clarify factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of sports-related problem gambling, to examine the impact of ma...
Demographic, Behavioural and Normative Risk Factors for Gambling Problems Amongst Sports Bettors
Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming, 2015
Sports betting is growing exponentially, is heavily marketed and successfully targets young adult males. Associated gambling problems are increasing. Therefore, understanding risk factors for problem gambling amongst sports bettors is an increasingly important area of research to inform the appropriate design and targeting of public health and treatment interventions. This study aimed to identify demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. An online survey of 639 Australian sports bettors using online, telephone and retail betting channels was conducted. Results indicated that vulnerable sports bettors for higher risk gambling are those who are young, male, single, educated, and employed full-time or a full-time student. Risk of problem gambling was also found to increase with greater frequency and expenditure on sports betting, greater diversity of gambling involvement, and with more impulsive responses to betting opportunities,...
Journal of Behavioral Addictions
Background and aimsSports betting has increased markedly in recent years, in part due to legislative changes and the introduction of novel forms of sports betting (e.g., in-play betting). Some evidence suggests that in-play betting is more harmful than other types of sports betting (i.e., traditional and single-event). However, existing research on in-play sports betting has been limited in scope. To address this gap, the present study examined the extent to which demographic, psychological, and gambling-related constructs (e.g., harms) are endorsed by in-play sports bettors relative to single-event and traditional sports bettors.MethodsSports bettors (N = 920) aged 18+ from Ontario, Canada completed an online survey containing self-report measures of demographic, psychological, and gambling-related variables. Participants were classified as either in-play (n = 223), single-event (n = 533), or traditional bettors (n = 164) based on their sports betting engagement.ResultsIn-play spor...
Gambling on sport sponsorship: A conceptual framework for research and regulatory review
Sport Management Review
Commercial gambling providers (CGPs) have recently intensified the promotion of their products and services through sport sponsorship. Consequently, gambling products and services now gain substantial exposure to large audiences via media broadcasts of sport. Due to the mainstream appeal of some sports, television audiences and fan-bases can include youth, at-risk and problem gamblers, who may be prompted to gamble, or to increase their gambling, by the direct marketing, alignment of gambling with a ‘healthy’ activity and increased normalisation of gambling. Therefore, sport sponsorship by CGPs promotes a potentially risky behaviour and may exacerbate the public health issue of problem gambling. Regulatory measures have been implemented by governments and private organisations in relation to sport sponsorship by tobacco companies in recognition of the potential harmful impacts of this form of marketing. Subsequently, the involvement of ‘unhealthy products’ including alcohol, junk food and gambling in sport sponsorship has been publicly questioned. This may lead to further regulatory changes that would directly affect the management of sport organisations. Few studies have examined these issues and there is little knowledge of the impacts that sport sponsorship arrangements have on society. Research is needed to inform prudent decision-making about the appropriate regulation of sport sponsorship. This paper reviews the current gambling sport sponsorship landscape and proposes a conceptual framework aimed at facilitating a systematic, interdisciplinary research agenda for examining corporate social responsibility issues pertinent to the sponsorship of sport by CGPs.
Sports and Esports as Conduits for Gambling
The University of Queensland Law Journal
Australians are some of the highest consumers of gambling products in the world and, per capita, their resultant losses may also be among the highest. This article considers the Australian legal regulatory landscapes that govern both sports (including Esports) gambling and, specifically, the advertising of sports gambling products. Although gambling in Australia is highly regulated, this article reveals significant gaps that create opportunities for gambling service providers to target consumers of sport (especially young people) to market their products and further embed gambling into sports culture. Ultimately, the article offers policy-based legal reforms to curb the enticement of young people into gambling. These reforms include introducing legislation banning the advertisement of gambling service providers: (1) on public roads, public transport and near schools; (2) after 8:30pm during breaks in live broadcast sporting events; (3) during highlights, replays or on-demand sportin...
Sports betting, sports bettors and sports gambling policy
2012
Gambling on sporting events occupies a curious position in the economy. Some form of legal sports betting exists in almost every part of the world, and anecdotal evidence indicates widespread informal betting on sports. Significant demand for sports betting among consumers clearly exists.
Assessing the Playing Field: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Internet Sports Gambling Behavior
Journal of Gambling Studies, 2007
Internet gambling is growing rapidly, as is concern about its possible effect on the public's health. This paper reports the results of the first prospective longitudinal study of actual Internet sports gambling behavior during eight study months. Data include recorded fixed-odds bets on the outcome of sporting contests and live-action bets on the outcome of events within contests for 40,499 Internet sports gambling service subscribers who enrolled during February 2005. We tracked the following primary gambling behaviors: daily totals of the number of bets made, money bet, and money won. We transformed these variables into measures of gambling involvement. We analyzed behavior for both fixed-odds and live-action bets. The median betting behavior of the 39,719 fixed-odds bettors was to place 2.5 bets of €4 (approximately $5.3 US) every fourth day during the median 4 months from first to last bet. This typical pattern incurred a loss of 29% of the amount wagered. The median betting behavior of the 24,794 live-action bettors was to place 2.8 wagers of €4 every fourth day during the median duration of 6 weeks at a loss of 18% of the amount wagered. We also examined the behavior of empirically determined groups of heavily involved bettors whose activity exceeded that of 99% of the sample.
Fans watching live sport events, both mediated or in stadia, have witnessed an increase in sports betting products. Most of these products feature in-play betting, that is, the ability to bet on a game once it has started while watching it. In-play betting has raised many concerns among responsible gambling advocates due to its perceived relationship with problem gambling behaviour. This study explored the association between in-play betting and problem gambling. More specifically, the study examined how motives for consuming sport and how involved sports fans were in watching sport affected their gambling. Also, adjacent risk behaviours to in-play betting (such as consuming junk food and alcohol) during live sports betting were examined. Using a survey comprising 659 sports bettors from Spain, the study found that compared to participants not engaging in in-play betting, in-play bettors reported higher (i) problem gambling severity, (ii) sport watching involvement , (iii) consumption of sport to escape from everyday preoccupations, and
Intensity and gambling harms: Exploring breadth of gambling involvement among esports bettors
Gaming Law Review, 2017
Esports bettors may represent an emerging cohort of gamblers. Concerns have been expressed about the vulnerability of these gamblers because of their young age and potential high engagement in Internet and game use. It is important to investigate whether esports bettors represent a cohort migrating to include other forms of gambling, or existing online gamblers adopting esports into their gambling repertoire. The current study aimed to specifically look at the overall gambling involvement and problem gambling severity of esports bettors as compared to sports bettors. An online survey of 501 Australian sports bettors (n=160 esports and sports; n=341 sports only) found that esports bettors participated in significantly more forms of gambling (breadth), and in each form more often (intensity). Esports bettors had significantly higher problem gambling severity scores on a self-report measure. These results are consistent with previous findings that Internet problem gamblers have a high overall gambling involvement. This study suggests that Australian online gamblers have adopted esports betting in addition to other gambling activities, rather than representing a new group of online gamblers. As esports betting is a relatively new product increasingly offered by licensed operators, ongoing research is needed to monitor trends in use. Online gambling sites should include play management tools and the ability to self-exclude from all online gambling forms offered and educational campaigns may be needed to educate consumers on the risks associated with high gambling involvement. Gainsbury-Breadth and intensity of gambling involvement and harms