Comparative Analysis of Responses to Covid 19 between Europe, Asia, America and Africa- A Literature Review of Four Nations (original) (raw)
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The COVID-19 pandemic has been declared since March 11, 2020. Until December 2020, the absence of specific treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 implied the need to use non-pharmacological strategies to reduce infection rates. This study aimed to track and compare the policy responses of countries with the highest number of COVID-19 deaths in the world. Was performed a scoping search in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) between December 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020. Information on policy and health on official websites of the listed countries was also searched. After the selection process, which was carried out independently by two evaluators following the previously established criteria, 55 titles were included. Of the 18 documents of national health societies, 13 addressed the prevention of COVID-19. The most reported country was Italy (17). The strategies most cited by the studies are: traveler monitoring, international travel controls, social...
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The health crisis that the world is going through will have a very profound impact on societies and States. At present, it is impossible to predict a date for the end of the crisis. But there will be, without doubt, a before and an after; an afterwards so different from the before because the crisis will have exposed the underside of the relations strategies between the rulers; it will have revealed the courage of some in the endless fight against the virus (health bodies, of course, but also all the others who count neither their time nor the risk in the face of the virus. This unexpected crisis, although predictable because the world has known other health crises, will have revealed, even in technologically advanced countries, the deficiencies and weaknesses of governance systems. According to Abdellaoui 1 She will have revealed in broad daylight the self-centered behaviors of some and the (almost spontaneous) solidarity of others, the very ones we least expected on these occasions because forgotten or considered as part of the inability to come to the aid of the Great Nations of this World. This crisis will undoubtedly also have awakened the latent conflict of the superpowers and the division of the world into three distinct blocks: a) the powerful who base their strategies on self-strengthening (three attitudes of withdrawal: i. Make America great again, a slogan that continues in another way with the new president; ii. the united kingdom for vaccines; iii. us first in Western Europe), b) the powerful who base their strategies on their influence on the spaces to conquer, and c) the Others, all the others who emerge, who try to make a place for themselves (the UAE who try to place themselves in the conquest of space for example), to obtain a voice (or a way), but also those who struggle in the vagaries of development and "emancipation" that they fear while hoping for; all those Others who did not believe in the pandemic or saw it as an invention to control social movements. But this crisis will also have shown, very fortunately, the strength of dedication and individual and collective abnegation of those who fight evil, day and night, by exposing themselves and without counting their time. The covid 19 pandemic is not, however, the first to hit the world. There have been many more as deadly, if not more; the bubonic plague which reappeared in 1320 in Mongolia, however, remained endemic in the East, India and China. It appeared in the West in 1347, brought in by Genoese sailors fleeing Caffa, and caused the deaths of 25 to 40 million Europeans. Remember that Caffa was a Genoese city at the ends of Europe at the end of the 15th century. This work recalls the major global health crises and their consequences on societal changes. We try to ask angry questions and sometimes get answers to them.
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COVID-19 pandemic has become a multi-sectoral problem. In underserved or developing countries especially in Sub Saharan Africa, different government-issued restrictive measures were enforced to prevent and control the disease. This is amidst the continuous spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-COVID-19) that resulted to more positive cases and more deaths. In big countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), more attention is given to the capital city-Kinshasa, which is seen as the epicenter of the disease. Other provinces, especially in eastern country that share borders with affected countries, face a challenge in fighting the disease as well. Factors that hinder the response in these countries revolve around: (i) the unpreparedness of Ministries of Health to fight the disease due to the lack of conducted tests. Previous strategies done with all acute respiratory syndrome remain to be ineffective on COVID-19. (ii) The nature of the new syndrome, given its respiratory mode of transmission is being approached like the Ebola disease, by some countries with the experience of fighting it. (iii) The weak economies are less resilient and more vulnerable. What works for robust economies in developing countries might not work in these settings. (iv) The widespread fake news and rumors about COVID-19, leads some people to believe that the pandemic is non-existent and remain to be the business of health managers. Others fuel the belief that it requires no effort except for prayers and faith in God alone can heal. In other extreme and isolated cases, people who wear facial masks are beaten and quarantine centers are attacked by those who do not believe in the existence of COVID-19. (v) More attention is focused in finding a treatment that will cure the disease rather than prioritizing prevention and control. These difficulties, among others call for more specific strategies that would produce better