Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with non-protective immunity against tetanus among high school adolescents girls in Nigeria (original) (raw)
Free related PDFsRelated papers
Archives of Current Research International
Background: Tetanus still causes significant morbidity and mortality amongst children in Nigeria despite decades of immunisation with tetanus vaccine. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, case fatality rate and predictors of fatality amongst school age children treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of all children aged 4 to 17 years treated for tetanus at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019. Data was obtained from the case notes and ward registers. Socio-demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, incubation period, onset interval, number of Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus (DPT) vaccine received at infancy, treatment outcome, duration and cost of hospital stay were obtained, entered into a spread sheet and analysed with SPSS version 20. Results are presented in tables and percentages. The level of significance was set at...
Free PDF
Frontiers in Neurology
Seroepidemiological studies of tetanus in Africans have focused mainly on adults especially pregnant women and data on children are scarcely reported. We investigated the seroprevalence of protective immunity level, determined risk factors for non-protection against tetanus, and evaluated the performance of Tetanos Quick Stick(®) (TQS) among hospitalized children aged 1-9 years in Nigeria. Blood IgG antibody levels to tetanus was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the laboratory and TQS (an immunochromatographic test) at the bedside for 304 children admitted into emergency unit of a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Demographic information and vaccination history were also collected. TQS results were compared with anti-tetanus antibody measured by ELISA using seroprotection cut-off of 0.1 IU/ml. Seroprevalence of protective level of immunity against tetanus using ELISA and TQS methods was 44.7 and 45.4% respectively. Protective level of immunity increa...
Free PDF
Frontiers in public health, 2014
Tetanus is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Nigeria is aiming to eliminate tetanus by maintaining coverage of routine vaccinations for infants and pregnant women, but little attention is given to the adolescents' needs. This study assessed the understanding of adolescent girls about tetanus infection and prevention in order to provide information that may foster better policy. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 851 female adolescents were selected from eight secondary schools in Ibadan, south-west of Nigeria using a three-stage random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, history of tetanus vaccination, and adolescents' knowledge of tetanus infection. Mean age of respondents was 14.3 ± 1.9 years. Only 3.1% had received tetanus toxoid injection 1 year prior to the study, most frequently following a "wound or injury" (65.4%). T...
Free PDF
Free PDF
Vaccines
Serological surveys provide an objective biological measure of population immunity, and tetanus serological surveys can also assess vaccination coverage. We undertook a national assessment of immunity to tetanus and diphtheria among Nigerian children aged <15 years using stored specimens collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey, a national cross-sectional household-based survey. We used a validated multiplex bead assay to test for tetanus and diphtheria toxoid-antibodies. In total, 31,456 specimens were tested. Overall, 70.9% and 84.3% of children aged <15 years had at least minimal seroprotection (≥0.01 IU/mL) against tetanus and diphtheria, respectively. Seroprotection was lowest in the north west and north east zones. Factors associated with increased tetanus seroprotection included living in the southern geopolitical zones, urban residence, and higher wealth quintiles (p < 0.001). Full seroprotection (≥0.1 IU/mL) was the same for tetanus (4...
Free PDF
Free PDF
Frequency of tetanus toxoid immunization among college/university female students of Karachi
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC
Tetanus is a deadly infectious disease for which immunisation is available in EPI at both infant level and for females of reproductive age. More than 95% of patients who develop tetanus have not been previously immunised. Objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of tetanus vaccination and to access the awareness of immunisation among females studying in 11 girls&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; colleges of Karachi and University of Karachi. A cross sectional study was conducted among 1,407 females studying in colleges and University of Karachi from April to August 2007 using a prescribed questionnaire. Among 1,407 female students who were interviewed for the study, 232 (16.48%) were not aware about tetanus immunisation program for females of reproductive age. Only 560 students (39.80%) received at least 1 of 5 recommended doses. Only 41 female students (2.91%) received complete course of 5 doses. Coverage of tetanus immunisation among literate females in most populous city of the country is far behind satisfactory. There is need for awareness and crash programs of tetanus immunisation.
Free PDF
Free PDF
Bangladesh Medical Journal, 2012
Tetanus Toxoid (TT) is a routine vaccination activity under Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Bangladesh. The women of reproductive age (15-49 years) are the target population for five doses of TT vaccine to protect them from tetanus. The study was a cross-sectional study in context of a rural community. The study was conducted to assess TT vaccination coverage among the women of reproductive age in a rural community of Bangladesh. A total of 224 women of reproductive age were randomly included in the study following selection criteria. Data was collected by recall history and reviewing immunization card by using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist respectively. Data was processed and analyzed considering both descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean age of the women was 27.22 ± 6.87 years and major part (30.4%) was illiterate. Most of the women were married (87.6%) and housewives (81.3%). Mean age at marriage was 17+2.37 years and mean age at first child birth was 18+2.24 years. On the basis of recall history and vaccination card, 83.5% women received first dose of TT (TT1), while 16.5% didn't receive any TT vaccine. Among the women received all five doses of TT, 'Crude Vaccination Rate" was 37.0% and ''Valid Vaccination Rate' was 33.0%. By card, these rates were 18.5% and 14.2% respectively. The invalid doses found 6.2% for TT2, 7.3% for TT3, 12.5% for TT4 and the lowest 10.8% for TT5 dose. The dropout rate was 5.3% for TT1-TT2, 14.7% for TT2-TT3, the highest 31.1% for TT3-TT4 and 20.2% for TT4-TT5 while 55.6% was for TT1-TT5. Vaccination coverage was significantly higher among the women aged 25-29 years (91.0%) and having HSC level education (92.3%) (x 2 test, p<0.05). An incredible segment of rural women didn't receive any dose of TT5 vaccine and dropout rate was significantly higher among poor and illiterate women. Painstaking interventions and strategies should be taken to increase TT5 vaccination coverage among the rural women to protect them from tetanus.
Free PDF
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2016
Recent tetanus cases associated with male circumcision in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) prompted an examination of tetanus immunity by age and sex using multiplex serologic data from community surveys in three ESA countries during 2012-2013. Tetanus seroprotection was lower among children 5-14 years versus 1-4 years of age in Kenya (66% versus 90%) and Tanzania (66% versus 89%), but not in Mozambique (91% versus 88%), where children receive two booster doses in school. Among males ≥ 15 years of age, tetanus seroprotection was lower than females in Kenya (45% versus 96%), Tanzania (28% versus 94%), and Mozambique (64% versus 90%). Tetanus immunity from infant vaccination doses wanes over time, and only women of reproductive age routinely receive booster doses. To prevent immunity gaps in older children, adolescents, and adult men, a life-course vaccination strategy is needed to provide the three recommended tetanus booster doses.
Free PDF
