Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials (original) (raw)
Related papers
Advanced Micro- and Nano-Gas Sensor Technology: A Review
Sensors
Micro- and nano-sensors lie at the heart of critical innovation in fields ranging from medical to environmental sciences. In recent years, there has been a significant improvement in sensor design along with the advances in micro- and nano-fabrication technology and the use of newly designed materials, leading to the development of high-performance gas sensors. Advanced micro- and nano-fabrication technology enables miniaturization of these sensors into micro-sized gas sensor arrays while maintaining the sensing performance. These capabilities facilitate the development of miniaturized integrated gas sensor arrays that enhance both sensor sensitivity and selectivity towards various analytes. In the past, several micro- and nano-gas sensors have been proposed and investigated where each type of sensor exhibits various advantages and limitations in sensing resolution, operating power, response, and recovery time. This paper presents an overview of the recent progress made in a wide ra...
Sensors, 2020
In recent years, advancements in micromachining techniques and nanomaterials have enabled the fabrication of highly sensitive devices for the detection of odorous species. Recent efforts done in the miniaturization of gas sensors have contributed to obtain increasingly compact and portable devices. Besides, the implementation of new nanomaterials in the active layer of these devices is helping to optimize their performance and increase their sensitivity close to humans’ olfactory system. Nonetheless, a common concern of general-purpose gas sensors is their lack of selectivity towards multiple analytes. In recent years, advancements in microfabrication techniques and microfluidics have contributed to create new microanalytical tools, which represent a very good alternative to conventional analytical devices and sensor-array systems for the selective detection of odors. Hence, this paper presents a general overview of the recent advancements in microfabricated gas sensors and microana...
Nanostructured Gas Sensors for Medical and Health Applications: Low to High Dimensional Materials
Biosensors, 2019
Human breath has long been known as a system that can be used to diagnose diseases. With advancements in modern nanotechnology, gas sensors can now diagnose, predict, and monitor a wide range of diseases from human breath. From cancer to diabetes, the need to treat at the earliest stages of a disease to both increase patient outcomes and decrease treatment costs is vital. Therefore, it is the promising candidate of rapid and non-invasive human breath gas sensors over traditional methods that will fulfill this need. In this review, we focus on the nano-dimensional design of current state-of-the-art gas sensors, which have achieved records in selectivity, specificity, and sensitivity. We highlight the methods of fabrication for these devices and relate their nano-dimensional materials to their record performance to provide a pathway for the gas sensors that will supersede.
An investigation into the fabrication of a new mini gas sensor for medical diagnostic applications
2013
This research was part of a larger Wellcome Trust funded project that aimed to create a non-invasive volatile diagnostic device for medical applications, particularly for the detection of Clostridium difficile (C. Diff) in human stool. The device (OdoReader) consists of a gas chromatography column to separate gaseous mixtures, a metal oxide sensor to detect and respond to individual analytes and an artificial neural network trained to recognise patterns indicative of positive and negative results. The aim of this MPhil research project was to fabricate the metal oxide gas sensor to work within this device and to conduct a pilot study to assess the potential for using OdoReader to detect urinary tract infections human urine. Sensors that were compatible with existing electronic components were not commercially available, making it essential to fabricate sensors in-house. A preliminary investigation into sensor fabrication techniques was conducted in order to assess the most simple an...
Review of recent trends in gas sensing technologies and their miniaturization potential
Purpose -This paper aims to give an overview about the state of the art and novel technologies used in gas sensing. It also discusses the miniaturization potential of some of these technologies in a comparative way. Design/methodology/approach -In this article, the authors state the most of the methods used in gas sensing discuss their advantages and disadvantages and at last the authors discuss the ability of their miniaturization comparing between them in terms of their sensing parameters like sensitivity, selectivity and cost. Findings -In this article, the authors will try to cover most of the important methods used in gas sensing and their recent developments. The authors will also discuss their miniaturization potential trying to find the best candidate among the different types for the aim of miniaturization. Originality/value -In this article, the authors will review most of the methods used in gas sensing and discuss their miniaturization potential delimiting the research to a certain type of technology or application.
Nanostructured Chemiresistive Gas Sensors for Medical Applications
Sensors, 2019
Treating diseases at their earliest stages significantly increases the chance of survival while decreasing the cost of treatment. Therefore, compared to traditional blood testing methods it is the goal of medical diagnostics to deliver a technique that can rapidly predict and if required non-invasively monitor illnesses such as lung cancer, diabetes, melanoma and breast cancer at their very earliest stages, when the chance of recovery is significantly higher. To date human breath analysis is a promising candidate for fulfilling this need. Here, we highlight the latest key achievements on nanostructured chemiresistive sensors for disease diagnosis by human breath with focus on the multi-scale engineering of both composition and nano-micro scale morphology. We critically assess and compare state-of-the-art devices with the intention to provide direction for the next generation of chemiresistive nanostructured sensors.
Nanostructure-engineered chemical sensors for hazardous gas and vapor detection
Nanosensing: Materials and Devices, 2004
A nanosensor technology has been developed using nanomctures, such as single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and metal oxides nanowires or nanobelts, on a pair of interdigitated electrodes (IDE) processed with a siliconbased microfabrication and micromachining technique. The D E fingers were fabricated using thin f i l m metallization techniques. Both in-situ growth of nanostructure materials and casting of the nanostructure dispersions were used to make chemical sensing devices. These sensors have been exposed to hazardous gases and vapors, such as acetone, benzene, chlorine, and ammonia in the concentration range of ppm to ppb at room temperature. The electronic molecular sensing in our sensor platform can be understood by electron modulation between the nanostructure engineered device and gas molecules. As a result of the electron modulation, the conductance of nanodevice will change. Due to the large surface area, low surface energy barrier and high thermal and mechanical stability, nanostructured chemical sensors potentially can offer higher sensitivity, lower power consumption and better robustness than the state-of-the-art systems, which make them more attractive for defense and space applications. Combined with MEMS technology, light weight and compact size sensors can be made in wafer scale with low cost.
Selectivity enhancement of metal oxide gas sensors using a micromachined gas chromatographic column
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2005
Indoor air quality monitoring applications require both high sensitivity and selectivity, which are difficult to reach with solid state gas sensors. While for some gas species like, e.g. CO and NO 2 , the use of optimized operating conditions allows to reach the necessary selectivity, the discrimination between single volatile organic compounds (VOC) is generally not possible with stand-alone arrays of gas sensors. This limitation represents a major drawback, since not all indoor VOC are equally harmful for the health of the human beings living in the polluted environment.