Methane Production Potential and Nutritive Value of Indigenous Browses from mid Rift Valley of Ethiopia (original) (raw)
Related papers
The study was conducted to determine the plant density, leaf biomass and crude protein yield, chemical composition, In vitro gas and methane production, tannin biological activity and in sacco dry matter degradability of leaves of 15 selected tropical browse species from Borana rangeland, Ethiopia. Plant density (plant/ha) ranged from 1209.1-72.7, leaf biomass yield (kg/plant) ranged from 36.8-8.6, biomass yield (kg/ha) ranged from 3308.5-790.2 and crude protein (CP) yield (kg/ha) ranged from 630.5-125.1. Dry matter (DM) ranged from 89.7-92%, ash 20.4-11.9%, crude protein (CP) 25.1-12.2%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 48.4-26.9%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 20.4-10.7%, acid detergent lignin (ADL) 13.4-5.7%, calcium 2.48-1.20% and phosphorus 0.5-0.21%. Total phenol ranged from 29.5-18.0%, total tannin 20.1-12.2% and condensed tannin 12.5-5.6%. All 15 browse species used in this study could meet the maintenance requirement of requirements according to CSIRO, 2007 guidelines for grazing livestock in the tropics based on their moderate crude protein and mineral composition and lower NDF, ADF and ADL contents. The browse species had higher amount of condensed tannin (> 6% DM) which could limit their utilization as supplement to the basal grazing in tropics. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) ranged from 57-47 %, total gas production at 24 hr incubation 48.3-31.7 ml/200 mg DM, gas production at 48 hr incubation 55.2-37.6 ml/200 mg DM, methane production 15.1-11.0 ml/200 g DM, metabolizable energy (ME) 8.7-7.2, SCFA 1.16-0.53 mmol/L, methane reduction potential (MRP) 0.2-42% and Partitioning factor (PF) of gas production (ml gas production/DMD at 24 hr incubation) 5.07-2.20. Balanites aegyptica, Dobera glabra, Grewia ferruginea, Prosopis juliflora and Acacia nubica leaves were observed to show best values in terms of gas volume, OMD, ME and SCFA production, methane reduction potential and in Sacco degradability characteristics. Thus, the browse species from Afar rangelands could be considered as potential source of forages during dry season when regular feed resources are limited in quality and quantity. The authors recommended further study on the seasonal dynamics of the nutritional quality of the browse species supplemented with animal feeding experiments for better utilization of the browse species as dry season supplementation for ruminant livestock in dry lands.
The study was conducted to assess leaf biomass production, chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production, rumen degradation and tannin biological activities of selected browse species. Seventeen browse species were identified as main browse species for dry season supplementation. Leaves biomass yield ranged from 225 kg DM /ha in Angeosis leiocarpa to 1803.3 kg DM /ha in Acacia nubica leaves. Crude protein yield (kg/ha) ranged from 43.5 kg /ka (Acacia nubica) to 267.1 kg/ha (Angeosis leocarpa). In chemical composition, dry matter (%) ranged from 89.6 to 96.8 from Angeosis leocarpa to Cadaba farnosa species, ash ranged from 6.78 to 15.67 (% DM) from Cadaba farinose to Terminalia browni, CP composition varied from 13.8% in Boswella comphora to 28.7 in Justica odora, NDF ranged from 25.4% in Justica odora to 43.2% in Asparagus, ADF ranged from 11% in Acacia dropanoloblum to 20.3% in Cadaba farinose and ADL ranged from 6.0 to 14.2% from Terminalia browni to Asparagus species. The total phenolic (TP) ranged between 19.1 to 31.4% DM. Total tannin (TT) ranged from 11.7 to 27.5% DM while condensed tannin (CT) ranged from 3.2 to 19.4%DM. Among the browse species, Acacia toritlis had significantly (P<0.05) higher concentration of phenols, total tannin and condensed tannin. Calcium concentrations ranged from 1.43 to 2.15%DM while the phosphorous concentration from 0.22 to 0.42%DM of the leaf biomass. Gas production after 24 hrs of incubation ranged from 29.4 to 51.2 ml /200 mg DM. The highest gas volume was produced from Croton macrostachys and the lowest gas was for Acacia busei. The gas volume after 48 hrs of incubations ranged between 39.0 to 56.6 ml/ 200 mg DM. The lowest was for Boswella comphora and the highest was for Croton macrostachys leaves. The gas production from the soluble fraction (a) ranged from 13.8 to 24.3%DM. The highest value was for Terminalia browni and the lowest for Comphora africana species. The gas production from the insoluble but rumen degradable portion (b) ranged from 50.0 to 78.5% DM. The potential gas production ranged from 67.0 to 93.7% DM. The highest was for Boswella comphora and the lowest for Acacia toritlis leaves. Organic matter digestibility (OMD%) ranged from 42.2 to 58.0. The highest was for Justica odora and the lowest was for Acacia nubica leaes. The SCFA production ranged from 0.33 to 2.01 mmol/litre in leaves of browse species. The highest was for Justica odora and the lowest was for Acacia nubica leaves. Estimated ME production (MJ/ kg DM) ranged from 7.2 in Acacia nubica to 10.4 in Croton macrostachys species. Methane production ranged from 9.1 ml in Angeosis leocarpa to 15 ml/200mg DM in Croton macrostachys and Justica odora leaves. Methane reduction potential (%) 12.2% in Grewia bicolor to 57.5% in Zizphus spona-chriti leaves. Increase in gas production in response to PEG treatment at 24 hrs of incubation ranged from 7.2% in Asparagus spp to 70.4% in Zizphus spona-chriti leaves while at 48 hrs of incubation increase in gas production ranged from 22.8% in Justica odora to 78% in Cadaba farnosa leaves, Methane production also increased from 3.3% in Boswella comphora to 34.2% in Acacia nubica leaves, SCFA production ranged from 0.5% in Balanities aegyptica to 163% in Terminalia browni leaves and ME production ranged from 1.1% Angeosis leocarpa to 76.6% in Carrisa spanara leaves. Potential degradability (A+B) varied from 64.2% in Comphora africana to 85.3 in Acacia nubica leaves while effective degradability (ED) ranged from 33.2% in Comphora africana to 63.4% in Acacia nubica species. All browse leaves had higher DM disappreance values (56-75% DM) at 48 hrs of incubation as compared to the values of 40-50% considered to be suitable as ruminant feeds resources.
2019
A study was conducted to evaluate the fodder value of Mulberry and other indigenous multi-purpose trees (MPTs) collected from selected farmers who own Mulberry plant from Shebedino, Dale and Chuko districts of Sidama Zone southern Ethiopia. In total 15 MPTs (14 indigenous and 1 exotic) were identified. From these, five indigenous and 1exotic which are used as a fodder plant ( B. aegyptica, C. africana, E. cymosa, M. ferruginea, M. alba and V. amygdalina) were selected. The chemical composition, in-vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in-vitro gas production (IVGP), total tannin (TT), total phenolics (TP) and condensed tannin (CT) were analyzed. The highest (P<0.05) number was recorded for M. ferruginea followed by C. africana and V.amygdalina from Chuko while the lowest was for B. aegyptica from Dale district. The highest (P<0.05) crude protein (20.73%DM) was recorded for M. albaduring wet season. The lowest neutral detergent fiber (P<0.05) content was for B. aegypti...
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological treatments of Acacia toritlis and Prosopis juliflora leaves and pods on nutrient and phenolic compositions, in-vitro gas and methane production and in sacco degradability characteristics. The chemical treatments were water solutions of calcium hydroxide (CH) at 30 g/ l; polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 20 g/l and wood ash (WA) at 180 g/ l per kg dried and ground samples in duplicates. While, biological treatments were 10 g commercial yeast (CY), 16.7 ml of rumen liquor (RL) and 16.7 ml of effective microbes (EM) each dissolved in 267 ml of ground water per kg of dried and ground samples in duplicates. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with 2x2x6 factorial arrangement. Untreated prosopis pods (PP) had the highest and acacia leaves (AL) had the lowest dry matter (%DM). The DM of the plant portions tends to decrease with biological treatments and increased with chemical treatments of both leaves and pods of the browse species as compared to untreated leaves and pods. Both acacia and prosopis pods had the highest ash composition as compared to the leaves. The crude protein (%CP) contents of acacia leaves were higher in untreated, RL and EM and WA treated leaves as compared to CY and PEG treated leaves. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in ADL composition was observed both within treatment groups across the plant portions and with plant portions across the treatment groups. Across the plant portions delignification effect of biological treatments (RL, EM and CY) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than chemical treatments in both browse species. PEG treatment had significantly (P<0.05) reduced the phenolic composition of all plant portions followed by CH and EM in the same order. The lowest tannin reduction was observed in WA treatment (56.4%). Both biological and chemical treatments had improved gas productions from soluble plant fraction, potential degradable portion (b) and cumulative gas production (A+B) in all plant portions. Mean percentage increase in gas production through the treatments of acacia and prosopis leaves and pods ranged from 21.6% in WA treatment to 37.1% in PEG treatment. Percen organic matter digestibility was higher in CH (69.3%), PEG (66%) and CY (62%) treatments in all plant portions than other treatments. Rapidly degradable fraction 'A' was significantly (P<0.05) differed with in plant portions across treatment groups except for CH and WA treatments which had similar values. On the other hand, in PEG treatment, AL, PL and PP had significantly (P<0.05) higher 'A' value than AP. Slowly degradable portion, potential degradability and effective degradability of both acacia and prosopis leaves and pods were significantly (P<0.05) deferred across treatments groups within plant portion. Both chemical and biological treatments of acacia and prosopis leaves and pods were observed to improve the nutrient values, reduced phenolic composition and methane production of the leaves and pods in different magnitude. In conclusion, calcium hydroxide and PEG treatments were superior in reducing condensed tannin contents and improving nutritive values of both leaves and pods of acacia and prosopis as compared to other chemical and biological treatments. The authors proposed further animal feeding experiments to verify the efficacy of the screened chemical and biological treatments for detoxification of condensed tannins in tropical tanniferous browses and thus improve nutrient availability from these feed resources.
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 2018
Acacia nilotica var adansonii (Guill. et Perr.) O. Ktze and Acacia raddiana (Savi) species are local ressources important to feed animals in Sahelian area of Burkina Faso. Thus, this experiment was to investigate the in vitro effect of both Acacias on ruminal fermentation, CH 4 production and rumen microbial community using a semi-automatic system. In all experiments, 25 mL of the inoculum solution was incubated with 50 mL of buffered rumen fluid at 39 °C and gas production was measured at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The results show that A. nilotica was rich in condensed tannins and fiber content compared to A. raddiana which was rich in total tannins. A. raddiana treatment presented greater degradability of organic matter and lower CH 4 production compared to A. nilotica and control group (P 0.05). We conclude that A. nilotica leaves showed negative effect on ruminal fermentation due to high fiber and CT content, and A. raddiana could be an interesting plant to increase fiber digestion ...