Endophytes from the Aquatic Plant Nelumbo Nucifera: Diversity Profile and Activity Characterization (original) (raw)
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Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2020
The objective of this study was to characterize an endophytic fungi producing-bioactive compound from the aquatic plant, Nelumbo nucifera. All parts of such plant were cleaned with surface sterilization technique and cultured on potato dextrose agar to isolate endophytic fungi. The identification was characterized by morphological and molecular technique. Fungal isolates were screened to discover antimicrobial activities by disc diffusion method against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus DMST20651 (MRSA). MIC and MBC for those crude fungal extracts were determined. Finally, the chemical profile of crude extract was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface-satirized parts of N. nucifera. Based on disc diffusion assay, the highest antibacterial activity against MRSA was isolate ST9.1 identified as Aspergillus cejpii. Results demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extraction had more active fractions with MIC of 2.5 mg/ml and MBC concentration of 50.0 mg/ml. The crude extracts were developed to identify the chemical constituents by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major component of crude extract of endophytic fungi was 5-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazin-3-ylamine (C 11 H 11 N 5). Thus, the plant could be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogen.
Biodiversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytes
2018
Endophytes are microorganism colonizing healthy plants tissue without causing any apparent symptoms and noticeable injury to the host. Both fungi and bacteria are the most common microbes existing as endophytes and are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. It is also suspected that other type of microorganism's viz. archaebacteria and mycoplasmas can undoubtedly exist in plants as endophytes, but no such evidence for them has yet been explored.
Bioactive potential of endophytic fungi from macroalgae
2015
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus that exists within a plant without triggering overt disease symptoms. Endophytic fungi have been regarded as prolific producers of novel, structurally unique secondary metabolites with immense bioactive potential. The main objective of this study was to determine the endophytic flora in various macroalgae and the profiling of enzymatic and antibacterial potential of algicolous endophytes. Endophytes were isolated from five seaweed samples namely Sargassum sp., Ulva fasciata, Caulerpa sp., Hypnea valentiae and Halymenia venusta from Vizhinjam coast, India. Halymenia venusta showed maximum isolation frequency of 18% and Hypnea valentiae showed the least, 2%. A total of 29 isolates were obtained and exhibited enzymatic properties like cellulase (59 %), amylase (93%), lipase (86%), gelatinase (69 %), glutaminase (66 %) and asparaginase (72%). Seven isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. coli and two were found...
Endophytic Fungi of Marine Alga From Konkan Coast, India—A Rich Source of Bioactive Material
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020
Endophytes are an unexploited source of pharmacologically relevant compounds owing to their species richness and diversity. In this study, a total of 26 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from 10 marine algal samples collected from the Konkan coast, Goa, India. Eighteen of the fungal isolates belonged to phylum Ascomycota while one belonged to phylum Basidiomycota based on ITS sequencing. Further, the genus Aspergillus sp. was the most common and abundant endophyte found in the sampled algal species. A significant antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria was exhibited by the extracts of fungal isolates AG1.1, AG1.1 (G) and VG2.6 (agar diffusion assay). The extracts of fungal endophytes VB1.1, PG1.2 and VG2.6 demonstrated good antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging assay). Further, cytotoxicity of all the endophytic extracts on human cancer cell lines was determined by MTT and resazurin assay. The crude extract of Aspergillus unguis (AG 1.2) showed the highest cytotoxic potential on cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), and skin cancer (A431) cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis of the extract of A. unguis (AG 1.2) confirmed the presence of several bioactive metabolites including azelaic acid, azetidine, and furopyrans. The extract of A. unguis (AG 1.2) demonstrated G1 phase cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent MMP loss and apoptosis-dependent cell death in A431 cells. The algae-derived fungal endophytes of Konkan coast are a rich source of novel pharmaceutically active compounds as indicated by this work.
Diversity, Ecology, and Conservation of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes
Soil Biology
Every plant present on the earth is accompanied by internal association of microbes generally pronounced as endophytes. Bacterial and fungal endophytic microbes are among one of them. Their presence was noted in various niches ranging from mountain to sea, from forest to desert, and, moreover, in cold and in hot spring, copper mine wasteland, agronomic crops, prairie plants, deepwater rice, and grass ecosystem. These endophytic microbes are agriculturally important because of their various plant growth-promoting traits. They are found to inhabit the seeds, roots, stems, and leaves and even the periderm. These endophytic microbes generally enter the plant tissues via several "hotspots" like root system and mitigate with biotic and abiotic stresses, help to cure human diseases by producing several secondary metabolites, help in the induction and expression of plant immunity, exclude plant pathogens by niche competition, as well as actively participate in phenylpropanoid metabolism and antioxidant activities. The discoveries of novel bioactive compound and defense activator like antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds, antibiotics, secondary metabolites, and volatile insecticides attributed to these endophytes are utilized as therapeutic agents in the field of pharmaceutical, medicine, agriculture, and industries. The conservation of endophytic microbes and their gene pools is an emerging and vital issue, even though the development is scary.
Identification of Bacterial Endophytes Isolated From Different Medicinal Plants
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
Plants have very potential to live on earth as they supply 90% of human calorie intake, 80% of protein intake directly, and perhaps the most vital sources of medicine with a vast diversity of microorganisms. As such it's important to know those microorganisms, their kinds, the features they possess, and the signi cant compounds/metabolites they can produce. So, this study is based on identifying such microorganisms. To achieve this aim, isolation of endophytes has been done to know their biochemical activities and properties. Various identi cation procedures have been followed to get pure endophytic strains without any contamination. Surface sterilization of the plant tissue is a must in this progress, various surface sterilization techniques have been tried and nally, for 4/5 plant tissues, sodium hypochlorite and ethanol were given the best result and for 1/5 with the addition of mercuric chloride were the standardized method for surface sterilization. About 30 different bacterial endophytes have been isolated from ve kinds of medicinal plants. 4% sodium hypochlorite and 75% ethanol were found effective in sterilizing the surface of Psidium guajava, Cassia occidentalis, Calotropis procera, and Hibiscus rosa-sinensa. While Mangifera indica required an addition of 0.1% mercuric chloride. 19 strains isolated were Gram-positive, 11 Gramnegative (5 were Lactose fermenters and 6 were not), and most of which were bacilli. All isolates have shown different biochemical results, 25 showed a positive result for oxidase, and 28 gave a positive result for catalase. Most of the endophytes identi ed in this work are Bacillus spp. This identi cation is based on biochemical reactions; the exact species can be identi ed by molecular identi cation.
Bioactive Endophytes Warrant Intensified Exploration and Conservation
PLOS One, 2008
Background: A key argument in favor of conserving biodiversity is that as yet undiscovered biodiversity will yield products of great use to humans. However, the link between undiscovered biodiversity and useful products is largely conjectural. Here we provide direct evidence from bioassays of endophytes isolated from tropical plants and bioinformatic analyses that novel biology will indeed yield novel chemistry of potential value.
Kavaka
An endophytic fungus is an integral part the plant micro biome and colonizes the plant both systemically and non-systemically. In the present investigation endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of a medicinally important hydrophyte,. Three hundred and fifty one isolates belonging to 15 different species were isolated. , sp., , and sp. showed higher colonization frequency. Alkaloids and Flavonoids were produced by all endophytic fungi in their crude extract and terpenoid was produced by 14 endophytic fungi. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate and diethylether extracts of four dominant endophytic fungi, , , sp. and Sterile form I were tested. Bioactive compounds produced in ethyl acetate extract was more effective than diethylether compounds in inhibiting pathogens. Thus, this study provides an insight on the diversity of endophytic fungi and their varied anti-bacterial properties.