Effects of Physical and Chemical Modification on Biological Activities of Chitosan/ Carboxymethylcelluse Based Hydrogels (original) (raw)
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Polymer Bulletin, 2019
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was subjected to partial oxidation reaction by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium bromide (NaBr). Hydroxylamine and acid-base assay methods were used to quantify the aldehyde and carboxyl groups, respectively. Chitosan (CS) was then coupled to CMC or oxidized CMC (OCMC). The carboxyl groups carried by CMC and the free amines by CS were estimated by potentiometry and conductimetry. Characterization and identification of the obtained materials were made by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. The blood compatibility test shows that the haemolysis percentages of films are less than 5%, which indicates their good blood compatibility and their non-haemotoxicity. The anti-inflammatory activity reveals that the materials possess an ability to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. The mucoadhesion tests exhibit a marked increase in adhesion times of CMC/CS and OCMC/CS hydrogels on the intestinal mucosa. Besides, swelling behaviour and biodegradability were established.
Synthesis and Potential Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogels
Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives
The aim of the research was to employ radiation to produce flexible carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) based hydrogels of uniform structure to characterise their swelling properties and cytocompatibility for potential applications as hydrogel wound dressings. CMCS in aqueous solution was irradiated with an electron beam in the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) macromonomer as a crosslinker, at 12 different compositions, i.e. 3-20% CMCS, 3 and 5% PEGDA. The obtained hydrogels were subjected to sol-gel analysis. The amount of insoluble fraction (up to 100%) rose with an increase in the PEGDA/polysaccharide ratio. Moreover, the equilibrium degree of swelling, ca. 15 to 200 g of water per g of gel, which was higher for lower content of crosslinker, decreased with the delivered dose, which was associated with an increase in crosslinking density. The in vitro XTT cell viability assay (murine fibroblasts, L929 cell line) showed no significant cytotoxicity of CMCS gels.
Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives for Biomedical Applications
Hydrogels - Smart Materials for Biomedical Applications, 2018
Chitosan (CS) is a polymer obtained from chitin, being this, after the cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide. The fact of (i) CS being obtained from renewable sources; (ii) CS to possess capability for doing interactions with different moieties being such capability dependent of pH; (iii) plenty of possibilities for chemical modification of CS; and (iv) tuning the final properties of CS derivatives makes this polymer very interesting in academic and technological points of view. In this way, hydrogels based on CS and on CS derivatives have been widely used for biomedical applications. Other important technological applications can be also cited, such as adsorbent of metals and dyes in wastewater from industrial effluents. In pharmaceutical field, hydrogels based on CS are often used as drugs' and proteins' carrier formulations due to the inherent characteristics such as the biocompatibility, nontoxicity, hydrophilicity, etc. This chapter is an attempt for updating and joining the plenty of available information regarding the preparation, characterization, and biomedical application of hydrogels based on chitosan and chitosan derivatives. More than 260 references are provided, being the majority of them published in the last 10 years.
2012
Nanogels of a binary system of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and poly-(vinyl alcohol) PVA, were successfully synthesized by a novel in situ process. They were also characterized by various analytical tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). They were studied for their unique swelling properties in water and different pH solutions. They were also investigated for their great ability to capture or isolate bacteria and fungi from aquatic environments.
Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-based hydrogels
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2009
Biocompatible hydrogels based on water-soluble chitosan-ethylene glycol acrylate methacrylate (CS-EGAMA) and polyethylene glycol diamethacrylate (PEGDMA) were synthesized by photopolymerization. Characterization of morphology, weight loss, water state of hydrogel, pH-sensitivity and cytotoxicity were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), swelling test and methylthiazolydiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results indicated that the hydrogels were sensitive to pH of the medium, no cytotoxicity for L929 and SW1353, satisfactory for the composite to be used in bioapplications.
Chitosan-based hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization
Journal of Materials Science-materials in Medicine, 2001
Chitosan (CHI) is a polysaccharide of β-1,4-linked 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose derived by N-deacetylation of chitin in aqueous alkaline medium. The shells of crustaceans such as crabs, shrimp, and lobster are the current source of chitosan. It is known to be non-toxic, odourless, biocompatible in animal tissues and enzymatically biodegradable. For these reasons much research interest has been paid to its biomedical, ecological, and industrial applications over the past decade. However, its rigid crystalline structure, poor solubility in organic solvents and poor processability have limited its use. To broadening its range of applications, a growth research effort has been devoted to explore ways of modifying Chitosan. Here it has been reported on the synthesis of new hydrogels, obtained by self-curing chitosan with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl acrylate (MA). The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, swelling and rheological analysis. The results of this study showed that the swelling and mechanical properties of chitosan are highly improved by the presence of poly acrylate. The swelling degree of these materials does not depend upon the ratio MA/AA. It is possible to improve and modulate the mechanical properties of the hydrogels by changing the relative MA/AA ratio. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Chitosan as a Natural Copolymer with Unique Properties for the Development of Hydrogels
Applied Sciences
Hydrogel-based polymers are represented by those hydrophilic polymers having functional groups in their chain such as amine (NH2), hydroxyl [-OH], amide (-CONH-, -CONH2), and carboxyl [COOH]. These hydrophilic groups raise their potential to absorb fluids or aqueous solution more than their weights. This physicochemical mechanism leads to increased hydrogel expansion and occupation of larger volume, the process which shows in swelling behavior. With these unique properties, their use for biomedical application has been potentially raised owing also to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Chitosan as a natural copolymer, presents a subject for hydrogel structures and function. This review aimed to study the structure as well as the function of chitosan and its hydrogel properties.
Synthesis, characterization and applications of N-quaternized chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
International journal of biological macromolecules, 2015
Hydrogels composed of N-quaternized chitosan (NQC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in different weight ratios (1:3), (1:1) and (3:1) chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde in different weight ratios – 1.0 and 5.0% – have been prepared. The prepared hydrogels were characterized via several analysis tools such as: Fourier transform IR (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Different applications have been done on NQC/PVA hydrogels including; metal ions uptake, swellability in different buffer solutions (pH: 4, 7 and 9), swellability and degradation studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions and antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi. The results indicated that crosslinked NQC/PVA hydrogels with glutaraldehyde (GA) are more thermallystable than non crosslinked hydrogels, NQC/PVA hydrogels swell highly in different buffer solutions as PVA content increases and the antimicrobial activity of NQC/PVA hydroge...