Recent Brachiopods from South Atlantic Ocean: First Occurrence of the Lingulidae and Its Biogeographic Implications (original) (raw)
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Palaeontology, 2004
Until recently, the rhynchonelliform (articulated) brachiopod fauna from the Brazilian continental shelf (western South Atlantic) was represented only by the endemic species Bouchardia rosea (Mawe), reported from coastal waters of the states of Sa Äo Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The present study, based on samples from coastal (< 30 m), shelf, and continental slope waters (99±485 m), documents the South Atlantic brachiopod fauna and shows that this fauna is more widespread, diverse, and cosmopolitan than previously thought. Based on a total of 16,177 specimens, the following brachiopods have been identi®ed: Bouchardia rosea (Family Bouchardiidae), Platidia anomioides (Family Platidiidae), Argyrotheca cf. cuneata (Family Megathyrididae), and Terebratulina sp. (Family Cancellothyrididae). In coastal settings, the fauna is overwhelmingly dominated by Bouchardia rosea. Rare juvenile (< 2 mm) specimens of Argyrotheca cf. cuneata were also found at two shallow-water sites. In shelf settings (100±200 m), the fauna is more diverse and includes Bouchardia rosea, Terebratulina sp., Argyrotheca cf. cuneata, and Platidia anomioides. Notably, Bouchardia rosea was found in waters as deep as 485 m, extending the known bathymetric range of this genus. Also, the record of this brachiopod in waters of the state of Parana  is the southernmost known occurrence of this species. The genera Platidia and Terebratulina are documented here for the ®rst time for the western South Atlantic. The Brazilian brachiopod fauna shares similarities with those from the Atlantic and Indian shelves of southern Africa, and from the Antarctic, Caribbean and Mediterranean waters. The present-day brachiopods of the western South Atlantic are much more cosmopolitan than previously thought and their Cenozoic palaeobiogeographic history has to be reconsidered from that perspective.
Palaios, 2002
Rhynchonelliform brachiopods were diverse and often dominant benthos of tropical seas in the Paleozoic. In contrast, they are believed to be rare in open habitats of modern oceans, especially at low latitudes. This study documents numerous occurrences of rhynchonelliform brachiopods on a modern tropical shelf, particularly in areas influenced by upwelling. Extensive sampling of the outer shelf and coastal bays of the Southeast Brazilian Bight revealed dense populations of terebratulid brachiopods (Ͼ10 3 individuals / m 2 of seafloor) between 24Њ and 26ЊS. On the outer shelf, brachiopods are more abundant than bivalves and gastropods combined. However, brachiopod diversity is low: only four species belonging to the genera Bouchardia, Terebratulina, Argyrotheca, and Platidia were identified among over 16000 examined specimens. Brachiopods occur preferentially on carbonate bottoms and include two substrate-related associations: Bouchardia (40-70% CaCO 3 weight content) and Terebratulina-Argyrotheca (70-95% CaCO 3 ). All four species display a broad bathymetric range that contrasts with a narrow depth tolerance postulated for many Paleozoic rhynchonelliforms. The most abundant populations occur in the depth range between 100 and 200 m, and coincide with zones of shelf-break upwelling, where relatively colder and nutrient-rich water masses of the South Atlantic Central Water are brought upward by cyclonic meanders of the South Brazil Current (a western boundary current that flows poleward along the coast of Brazil). This is consistent with previous biological and paleontological studies that suggest upwelling may play a role in sustaining brachiopod-dominated benthic associations. The presence of abundant brachiopods in the open habitats of the tropical shelf of the western South Atlantic contrasts with current understanding of their latitudinal distribution and points to major gaps in our knowledge of their present-day biogeography. The ecological importance of rhynchonelliform brachiopods in modern oceans and their role as producers of biogenic sedimentary particles may be underestimated.
Lingula is often considered a "living-fossil" based on its supposed lengthy morphological conservatism owing to its absence of evolution, and its remarkable survival for more than 550 M.Y. This conclusion is based on the typical apparently unchanged "linguliform" shape of the shell. However the taxa of the family Lingulidae show morphological evolutionary changes despite the fact that the group appears panchronic among the Recent Brachiopoda. Consequently, traditional opinion that Lingula is a "living-fossil" should be rejected. Diagnoses of the Family Lingulidae and of its three genera are herewith emended.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, …, 2010
The extreme abundance of lingulid valves in some outcrops of the Devonian sequences of the Paraná Basin, and their absence in others, where other benthic taxa dominate, was the starting point to the present research. Twenty-one outcrops were sampled and characterized taphonomically. These outcrops record an epeiric muddy sea, influenced by episodic storms. In twelve out of the 21 outcrops (the Devonian sequences B, C, D and E), massive occurrences of complete and fragmented valves of lingulids, oriented parallel to the bedding plane, were documented. The occurrence of fragments together with complete, but disarticulated valves, suggests that the post-mortem sorting and transport is unlikely to have been notable. This claim is also supported by the fact that in situ preserved lingulid valves were always recorded, even if in low numbers. However, some time averaging may have occurred. This is because entire valves (presumably removed from their burrows just prior to burial) and fragmented ones (probably reworked or exposed on sediment-water interface for some days or a few weeks) were found together. Rosette and stringer arrangements of the lingulid pavements represent the first record of distal reworking of this kind of bioclastic material. The Devonian "lingulid outcrops" studied here represent fossil accumulations that likely formed with contributions from multiple factors. However, the extrinsic physico-chemical factors are difficult to infer by analogy with modern environments because of the unique setting that typified Palaeozoic epeiric seas. On the other hand, an actualistic approach can be used to assess some of the taphonomic controls exerted by intrinsic characteristics of lingulid brachiopods, including shell thickness and life habit. The lingulid-rich units, with their distinct taphonomical signatures, represent a clearly definable taphofacies ("lingulid taphofacies") characterized by abundant (often complete) occurrence of lingulid valves parallel to the bedding plane in light grey and dark grey siltstones and rare occurrences of lingulid valves in black shales. The lingulid taphofacies is associated with a range of proximal marine settings, ranging from the lower shoreface (lowermost intertidal) to the distal transitional offshore (shallow subtidal) zones. The pattern of patchy distribution of lingulids, observed in some present-day environments, was rarely seen in the studied sequences.
Geosciences = Geociências
The genus Lingulapholis had temporal and spatial restrictions during the Devonian, being found only in Colombia and the United States. In Brazil, its related taxa Craniops is common in the Amazonas, Paraná, and Parnaíba basins. New data from the cities of Picos and Itainópolis, east flank of Parnaíba Basin, led to the discovery of a yet previously undescribed brachiopod genus for this region of Gondwana. The Lingulapholis brachiopod was found associated with plant fragments under conditions of moderate to low hydrodynamic energy as indicated by ichnological assemblage, in proximal expressions of Cruziana ichnofacies alternated to Skolithos ichnofacies. The presence of Lingulapholis suggests that the Parnaíba Basin was inserted in the zone of diffuse faunal mixing during the Middle Devonian.
Comprendre les brachiopodes linguloides : Obulus et Ungula comme exemples
2003
EMIG (2002) a revu la taxonomie du genre Obolus EICHWALD du Cambrien moyen - Ordovician basal des régions baltes orientales dans le cadre d'un projet de révision de l'ensemble des critères de la systématique des linguloides. Il a suggéré que les études taxonomiques antérieures sur Obolus et les formes apparentées sont fondées à tort sur des caractères dépourvus de toute valeur taxonomique. La révision proposées par EMIG s'appuie principalement sur les faibles variations morphologiques observées entre taxons fossiles et récents au sein d'une seule famille de linguloide, les Lingulidae. Notre article s'attache à démontrer la validité taxonomique des critères diagnostiques utilisés dans la classification au sein des familles, pour la plupart éteintes, de la Superfamille des Linguloidea, car ils présentent une bien plus grande diversité morphologique. Cette étude montre aussi que EMIG n'a pas proposé une base satisfaisante pour étayer les changements et révisions...
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2009
The lingulid brachiopod Lingularia? notialis sp. nov. is described from the upper Turonian (Cretaceous) of the Sergipe Basin in northeastern Brazil. The rare but well-preserved new material shows morphological characters such as muscle scars, mantle canals and a baculate shell structure. In a preliminary note L.? notialis was referred to Lingularia? bagualensis (Wilckens, 1905) from the uppermost Cretaceous of southern Patagonia, a species restudied here and referred conditionally to Credolingula Smirnova in Smirnova and Ushatinskaya, 2001. Der Lingulide Lingularia? notialis sp. nov. wird aus dem Oberturon (Kreide) des Sergipe-Beckens in Nordostbrasilien beschrieben. Das seltene aber gut erhaltene neue Material zeigt morphologische Merkmale wie Muskeleindrücke, Mantelkanäle und eine faserige (“baculate”) Schalenstruktur. In einer vorläufigen Notiz wurde L.? notialis als Lingularia? bagualensis (Wilckens, 1905) aus der obersten Kreide von Südpatagonien bestimmt. Diese Art wird hier neu beschrieben und mit Vorbehalt der Gattung Credolingula Smirnova in Smirnova und Ushatinskaya, 2001 zugeordnet.
Short Communication: New record of a primitive brachiopod, Lingula sp. in Lubuk Damar, Indonesia
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Darmarini AS, Wardiatno Y, Prartono T, Soewardi K. 2017. Short Communication: New record of primitive brachiopod, Lingula sp. in mangrove ecosystem of Lubuk Damar, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1438-1444.. Darmarini AS, Wardiatno Y, Prartono T, Soewardi K. 2017. Short Communication: New record of primitive brachiopod, Lingula sp. in mangrove ecosystem of Lubuk Damar, Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1438-1444.. This study reports the occurrence of the primitive brachiopod, Lingula in mangrove ecosystem as a new record in Indonesia. Specimens were collected from the mangrove sediment at a depth of between the sediment surface and 20 cm beneath. . Lingula has a glossy shell and oval-ovate shell shape. The color of shell is brownish or greenish. In posterior a point where pedicle occurs is found. The pedicle is a prolongation of the body like an anchor, with varying length, rough, hard and striped texture. Pedicle has soft transparent layer and the edges are cove...
Palaios, 2007
Over 14,000 specimens—5,204 brachiopods, 9,137 bivalves, and 178 gastropods—acquired from 30 collecting stations (0 to 45 m depth) in the Ubatuba and Picinguaba bays, southern Brazil, were compared for drilling frequencies. Beveled (countersunk) circular-to-subcircular borings (Oichnus-like drill holes) were found in diverse bivalves but also in the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Bouchardia rosea—a small, semi-infaunal to epifaunal, free-lying species that dominates the brachiopod fauna of the southern Brazilian shelf. Drill holes in bivalve mollusks and brachiopods are comparable in their morphology, average diameter, and diameter range, indicating attacks by a single type of drilling organism. Drill holes in brachiopods were rare (0.4%) and found only at five sampling sites. Drillings in bivalves were over 10 times as frequent as in brachiopods, but the average drilling frequency was still low (5.6%) compared to typical boring frequencies of Cenozoic mollusks. Some common bivalve species, however, were drilled at frequencies up to 50 times higher than those observed for shells of B. rosea from the same samples. Due to scarcity of drilled brachiopods, it is not possible to evaluate if the driller displayed a nonrandom (stereotyped) site, size, or valve preference. Drilled brachiopods may record (1) naticid or muricid predation, (2) predation by other drillers, (3) parasitic drillings, and (4) mistaken or opportunistic attacks. Low drilling frequency in brachiopods is consistent with recent reports on ancient and modern examples. The scarcity of drilling in brachiopods, coupled with much higher drilling frequencies observed in sympatric bivalves, suggests that drilling in brachiopods may have been due to facultative or erroneous attacks. The drilling frequencies observed here for the brachiopod-bivalve assemblages are remarkably similar to those reported for Permian brachiopod-bivalves associations. This report adds to the growing evidence for an intriguing macroecological stasis: multiple meta-analytical surveys of present-day and fossil rhynchonelliform brachiopods conducted in recent years also point to persistent scarcity and low intensity of biotic interactions between brachiopods and drilling organisms throughout their evolutionary history.