Serum allergen-specific IgE reactivity: is there an association with clinical severity and airway eosinophilia in asthmatic cats? (original) (raw)
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Factors affecting allergen-specific IgE serum levels in cats
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche vétérinaire, 2012
Pruritic skin diseases are common in cats and demand rigorous diagnostic workup for finding an underlying etiology. Measurement of a serum allergen-specific IgE in a pruritic cat is often used to make or confirm the diagnosis of a skin hypersensitivity disease, although current evidence suggests that elevated allergen-specific IgE do not always correlate with a clinical disease and vice versa. The aim of the study was to to assess the possible influence of age, deworming status, lifestyle, flea treatment, and gender on allergen-specific IgE levels and to evaluate the reliability of IgE testing in predicting the final diagnosis of a pruritic cat. For this purpose sera of 179 cats with pruritus of different causes and 20 healthy cats were evaluated for allergen-specific IgE against environmental, food and flea allergens using the Fc-epsilon receptor based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The results of the study showed positive correlation between age, outdoor life styl...
Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2007
Background When the clinical history is not conclusive, it may be difficult to make an accurate interpretation of the value of skin tests and serum-specific IgE to cat allergens in asthma cases. Objective To analyse the diagnostic efficiency of skin testing (ST) and serum-specific IgE to cat allergens, based on the results of bronchial-specific challenge with cat epithelium. Methods Sixty-four asthma patients (49 with cat exposure and 15 without) who did not clearly relate their asthma symptoms to cat exposure and had a positive skin prick testing and/ or a positive cat dander-specific IgE determination (CAP-system) underwent intradermal skin tests and specific bronchial challenge with cat epithelium. The results were analysed by receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC curves) and logistic regression. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were calculated for different cut-off points. Results Twenty-seven patients (42.2%) had a positive bronchial-specific challenge. The area under the ROC curve for serum-specific IgE quantification is 0.85, which makes a good diagnostic tool out of this test. Intradermal ST predicts the outcome of the bronchoprovocation test better than skin prick testing (area under the ROC curve of 0.74 vs. area under the ROC curve of 0.54, respectively). The logistic regression analysis shows that the estimated probability of a positive bronchial challenge is X93% if CAP values are X17 kU A /L, whereas if CAP values are less than 0.35 kU A /L the estimated probability of a positive bronchial challenge is 16%. When the intradermal skin test is negative, the estimated probability of a positive bronchoprovocation test is 9%, being the test that better identifies patients with a negative bronchoprovocation test.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2020
Background Eosinophilic airway disease in cats is sometimes described as allergic in origin, but controversy exists in the documentation of allergy in cats and the utility of allergy testing for respiratory tract diseases. Objective To examine serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to aeroallergens in cats with airway eosinophilia. Animals Fifteen cats with idiopathic eosinophilic airway inflammation and 9 control cats. Methods Prospective, case‐control study. Surplus serum from cats with airway eosinophilia documented by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was submitted for IgE measurement using ELISA polyclonal antibody methodology. Responses for regional allergens (fungal organisms, weeds, grasses, trees, mites, insects) were assessed. Results were reported as ELISA absorbance units with scores 0 to 79 considered negative, scores between 80 and 300 considered intermediate, and scores >300 considered positive. Results Cats with airway eosinophilia had significantly more positiv...
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 2003
Allergic asthma, a Th2 cell driven response to inhaled allergens, has classically been thought of as predominantly mediated by IgE antibodies. To investigate the role of other immunoglobulin classes (e.g., IgG and IgA) in the immunopathogenesis of allergic asthma, levels of these allergen-specific immunoglobulins were measured in serum and mucosal fluids. Bermuda grass allergen (BGA)-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were developed and optimized in an experimental model of BGA-induced feline asthma. Levels of BGA-specific IgG and IgA significantly increased over time in serum and BALF after allergen sensitization. Additionally, these elevated levels of BGA-specific IgG and IgA were seen in conjunction with the development of an asthmatic phenotype indicated by positive intradermal skin tests, enhanced airways hyperreactivity, and increased eosinophil percentages in the BALF. #
World Allergy Organization Journal, 2007
Background: The aim is the comparison of a frequency of positive skin prick test for cat allergen, and the frequency of animal presence at home in various areas of Poland (rural versus urban). The presented data are a part of the earliest outcome of large epidemiological study in the field of allergies which is now run in Poland. Methods: Randomized probe of various polish populations differing in the age range (20Y44 13Y14, 6-7 years old) were included in to the study. Analyzed urban population was gathered in Warsaw (capital of Poland). The second selected region was Zamojszczyzna, being the typical rural area with low industrial density. 3833 respondents completed questionnaires ECRHS II and ISAAC (1596 at urban and 2237 at rural region). 1103 of them were subjected to medical examination directed towards allergy recognition, and had made a skin prick test (474 at the urban and 629 at rural region). Results: 65,5% of persons from urban area revealed the positive skin results (for at least one allergen), while of the rural one the prevalence was significantly lower and equal to 34,5% (p = 0.0001). An frequency of positive cat prick test is significantly higher for urban region when compared to the rural region (18,4% vs. 10.8), and the intensity of the reaction measured as the average diameter of the observed skin prick test bubble is also significantly higher (4,01 vs. 3,63 mm). It was found that a significant difference between urban and rural areas was observed for the cat frequency of presence at home 15% vs. 30%. This data can be also compared with the general frequency of the cat presence in the home and surrounding. For rural areas cat is present in about 59.8% of homes and surroundings, while in urban areas cat is present in 15.4% of homes and surroundings. About 50% of people with positive skin tests for cat have cat at home. In urban area these values are significantly lower and equal to 19.5%. Conclusion: For cat allergies one can observe that frequency of positive skin prick test is higher on the urban region than on the rural region, contrastively to the lower presence of the animal allergy sources. Additionally the frequency of cat presence in homes of sensitive persons is much higher in rural areas than in urban ones. This observation can lead to the conclusion of protective, immunotherapeutic role of the high environmental allergen concentration in rural region.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Cat allergy is a major trigger factor for respiratory reactions (asthma and rhinitis) in patients with immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization. In this study, we used a comprehensive panel of purified cat allergen molecules (rFel d 1, nFel d 2, rFel d 3, rFel d 4, rFel d 7, and rFel d 8) that were obtained by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli or by purification as natural proteins to study possible associations with different phenotypes of cat allergy (i.e., rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, and dermatitis) by analyzing molecular IgE recognition profiles in a representative cohort of clinically well-characterized adult cat allergic subjects (n = 84). IgE levels specific to each of the allergen molecules and to natural cat allergen extract were quantified by ImmunoCAP measurements. Cumulative IgE levels specific to the cat allergen molecules correlated significantly with IgE levels specific to the cat allergen extract, indicating that the panel of allergen molecules resembled I...
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
Introduction: Sensitization to cat and dog allergens is common in patients with allergic respiratory diseases. The study objective was to determine the prevalence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to specific cat and dog allergens using component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) in patients with allergic respiratory diseases plus cat and/or dog sensitization. Methods: We included 87 patients aged 8–62 years, diagnosed with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis plus cat and/or dog sensitization, and attended at the allergy section of a tertiary hospital in Badalona (Catalonia, Spain). We used CRD to determine IgE sensitization to specific cat/dog allergens and skin prick tests (SPTs) to determine differences between diagnostic test results. Results: Patients were monosensitized to cats (20.7%) or dogs (3.4%) or sensitized to both (75.9%). The highest positive allergen rates were for Fel d 1 (91.7%) and Fel d 4 (41%) in patients sensitized to cat allergens and for Can f 5 (80%) and Can f 1 (7...
European annals of allergy and clinical immunology, 2018
Sensitization to cat allergens is common worldwide. Currently, there is a trend towards costly and often unavailable diagnostic analysis. The aim is to assess the reliability of skin prick test (SPT) and serum specific IgE (ssIgE) to cat sensitization, by performing nasal challenge test (NCT) in a community with low cat ownership but common presence of stray cats. Forty-one pa-tients with perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) who were mono or polysensitized (including cat) were included. We had 31 cat non-owners and 10 present cat owners. SPT (> 5 mm / diameter), ssIgE (≥ 0.70 IU/ml), nasal smear for eosinophil (Eo) and NCT were compared between groups. Outcomes included nasal challenge score, nasal Eo positivity, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow (PIF and PEF) 2 and 8 hours after the NCT, and were compared to baseline. Baseline SPT wheal size and ssIgE level were similar in both groups. NCT positivity was more frequent in cat owners. The strongest nasal reaction was on the top con...
Cat allergen level: Its determinants and relationship to specific IgE to cat across European centers
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2006
Background: Cat allergen level in settled house dust and its determinants in Europe are unknown. Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the level of cat allergens in mattress dust, to study its determinants, and to analyze the relationship with cat specific IgE on community level across European centers. Methods: Trained field workers collected dust from approximately 3000 mattresses during home visits in 22 European Community Respiratory Health Survey II centers. Sieved dust extracts were assayed for cat allergen using a mAb ELISA assay. Results: The overall geometric mean cat allergen was 0.94 mg/g, ranging from 0.12 mg/g in Huelva, Spain, to 3.76 mg/g in Antwerp, Belgium. Current cat owners' homes showed substantially higher levels than past cat owners' and never cat owners' homes (geometric mean and 95% CI, 61.4 mg/g [48.4-77.9] vs 1.37 mg/g [0.97-1.9] vs 0.29 mg/g [0.27-0.31]). Community prevalence of cat ownership was moderately correlated with cat allergen levels in noncat owners (r s 5 0.50), but not for past or current cat owners. The multilevel model identified community prevalence of cat keeping as the only statistically significant determinant of mattress cat allergen levels for noncat owners. However, averaged cat allergen levels per center were not related to community prevalence of detectable specific IgE to cat. Conclusion: Not having a cat in the home is associated with substantially lower Fel d 1 concentration, but does not protect against high Fel d 1 exposure in communities where cat ownership is common. Clinical implications: People (including patients with cat allergy) who do not own cats may be exposed to high levels of cat allergen in their home, particularly if they live in communities with high levels of cat ownership. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118:674-81.)