An understated danger: Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture and pet fish in Switzerland, a retrospective study from 2000 to 2017 (original) (raw)
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Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2021
Aquaculture is one of the sectors of animal husbandry with the fastest growth rate. However, the increase in the sector’s production chain without proper management can result in factors that favor the development of diseases, especially infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Many factors, such as agriculture or industry resides, improper use of antibiotics in animals or humans, have contributed to increased environmental pressure and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while residues from these drugs can remain in the carcasses and in water a risk to public and environmental health. From that, we identified the bacterial genus/species and their bacterial resistance to antibiotics from samples received from fish disease outbreaks for bacteriosis diagnosis between January 2017 and October 2020. Isolated bacteria were subjected to the Kirby and Bauer sensitivity test for five classes of antibiotics (penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, amphenicols, and tetracy...
Antimicrobials and resistant bacteria in global fish farming and the possible risk for public health
Arquivos do Instituto Biológico
ABSTRACT: The use of antimicrobials in fish farming is a reflection of the fast aquaculture development worldwide. The intensification of aquaculture to achieve market demands could lead to an increase in infectious diseases by pathogenic bacteria. Consequently, antimicrobials act as controls for emerging infectious diseases, but their use must follow the rules and regulations of the country where the activity is performed. Although the regulations impose limits to the use of antimicrobials in fish farming, many studies show that resistant bacteria are isolated from this system. The selection of resistant bacteria is not limited only to the use of antimicrobials, but also to co-selection of resistance genes or even with cross-resistance processes. Resistant bacteria from fish farming are a serious concern because they can be acquired by humans with handling or food chain, which may represent a public health problem. In the present review, we present an overview of antimicrobials use...
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd
Aquaculture is a rapidly growing field of food production of high economic importance. Bacterial infections are an important threat to aquaculture growth and also a common problem in ornamental fish. Some pathogenic agents and aquaculture production types are reported to be associated with increased disease. However, a detailed description of bacterial pathogens causing disease in Swiss aquaculture and ornamental pet fish is still missing. In this study we describe 1448 bacterial isolations originating from 1134 diagnostic laboratory submissions from farmed and ornamental fish in Switzerland for the period from 2000 to 2017. A strong seasonality was observed with submissions peaking in spring and summer. Bacterial isolations in fish submitted from organic farms were approximately six times more frequent than in conventional fish farms. Flavobacteriaceae, aeromonads and Yersinia ruckeri were the most common isolates from aquaculture, and motile aeromonads and Vibrio spp. were most often isolated from ornamental fish. The results of this study provide some interesting hypotheses, but further research is needed to better characterize risk factors for bacterial diseases in both aquaculture and aquarium fish in Switzerland.
Antibiotic Resistance in the Finfish Aquaculture Industry: A Review
Antibiotics, 2022
Significant challenges to worldwide sustainable food production continue to arise from environmental change and consistent population growth. In order to meet increasing demand, fish production industries are encouraged to maintain high growth densities and to rely on antibiotic intervention throughout all stages of development. The inappropriate administering of antibiotics over time introduces selective pressure, allowing the survival of resistant bacterial strains through adaptive pathways involving transferable nucleotide sequences (i.e., plasmids). This is one of the essential mechanisms of antibiotic resistance development in food production systems. This review article focuses on the main international regulations and governing the administering of antibiotics in finfish husbandry and summarizes recent data regarding the distribution of bacterial resistance in the finfish aquaculture food production chain. The second part of this review examines promising alternative approaches to finfish production, sustainable farming techniques, and vaccination that circumvents excessive antibiotic use, including new animal welfare measures. Then, we reflect on recent adaptations to increasingly interdisciplinary perspectives in the field and their greater alignment with the One Health initiative.
The worldwide growth of aquaculture has been accompanied by a rapid increase in therapeutic and prophylactic usage of antimicrobials including those important in human therapeutics. Approximately 80% of antimicrobials used in aquaculture enter the environment with their activity intact where they select for bacteria whose resistance arises from mutations or more importantly, from mobile genetic elements containing multiple resistance determinants transmissible to other bacteria. Such selection alters biodiversity in aquatic environments and the normal flora of fish and shellfish. The commonality of the mobilome (the total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome) between aquatic and terrestrial bacteria together with the presence of residual antimicrobials, biofilms, and high concentrations of bacteriophages where the aquatic environment may also be contaminated with pathogens of human and animal origin can stimulate exchange of genetic information between aquatic and terrestrial bacteria. Several recently found genetic elements and resistance determinants for quinolones, tetracyclines, and b-lactamases are shared between aquatic bacteria, fish pathogens, and human pathogens, and appear to have originated in aquatic bacteria. Excessive use of antimicrobials in aquaculture can thus potentially negatively impact animal and human health as well as the aquatic environment and should be better assessed and regulated.
Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, 2021
This study investigated the bacteria present in natural and cultured fish species from the same aquatic system, and difference of their antibiotic resistance. A total of 129 fish, Georgian shemaya (Alburnus derjugini), black sea salmon (Salmo labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were sampled on a monthly basis between the months of October 2016 and September 2017 in Kürtün Dam Lake. A total of 41 bacterial isolates were isolated from the fishes. The bacterial species were identified by molecular methods (PCR) using universal primers for bacteria. Acinetobacter lwoffii, Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas sobria, and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated from both wild and cultured fish. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from cultured fish, which showed severe mortality rate and typical symptoms. Various antibiotics including ampicillin (AMP10µg), gentamicin (CN10 µg), oxytetracycline (T30 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC10µg), enrofloxacin (ENR5µg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (TMP-S...
Information on regional pattern of outbreak of fish diseases in commercial fish farm is important in ensuring formulation of the right policies aimed at ensuring minimal losses in the aquaculture sector. A twelve month survey (January to December 2012) of outbreaks of bacterial diseases from fish farms in south west Nigeria was done, using data from cases received at the Veterinary diagnostic laboratory of Animal Care services konsult (Nig.) Ltd. Out of 141 bacterial disease outbreaks in catfishes, 19 were of Heterobranchus bidorsalis while 122 were of Clarias gariepinus. Staphylococcus aureus and other species of Staphylococcus were responsible for 31.2% of the outbreaks. Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp and Klebsiella oxytoca were completely resistant to Oxytetracycline, while the highest level of susceptibility to Enrofloxacin was 83.3% amongst Aeromonas isolates and that of Streptomycin was 78.57% with Bacillus spp. Formulation of national policies on health of aquatic animals of high economic value will depend strongly on feedbacks from data obtained on the field.