E. Archaeological Research: 2. Neolithic Periods (original) (raw)
Related papers
23 Neolithic Seminar Programe and Abstract Book
Programme and Abstract book Friday 4 th -Saturday 5 th Abstract book References Miloj≠i≤ V. 1949. Chronologie der jüngeren Steinzeit Mittel-und Südosteuropas. . 2015. The end of the affair: formal chronological modelling for the top of the Neolithic tell of Vin≠a-Belo Brdo. Antiquity 89: 1064-1082. Abstract book 23 rd Neolithic Seminar 20 Notes Abstract book 23 rd Neolithic Seminar
Památky archeologické, 2023
It has become evident that the term Neolithic needs to be expanded to encompass the historical period during which human societies began, in various ways, to break away from a dependence on the products of natural evolution. This change was without doubt due to climatic oscillations which, over several centuries, disrupted the steady life of Palaeolithic hunters. New findings have shattered the unified notion of what was previously termed the Neolithic into a series of regionally and chronologically specific complexes. The first step is to redefine the terms ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ Neolithic according to the different developments that led to the emergence of pottery.
Narratives for the European Neolithic
Moving northwards: festschrift for Volker Heyd, 2023
I look again at a long-running tension in archaeology between generalisation and particularisation. I examine several cases of what I call general theory in the recent literature, variously covering issues of agency, ontology, diversity, time and chronology, and social relations, and contrast their often universalising tone with more particularising approaches including aDNA analyses and high-resolution chronologies, which can help in the construction of detailed narratives for the specific historical developments of the European Neolithic. That appeals to more focused, 'middle-range' theories. I use this critique and discussion to contextualise the past and continuing contributions of Volker Heyd to the study of the European Neolithic
Siedlung, Grabenwerk, Großsteingrab, 2012
The Neolithic settlement and land use history in northwestern Germany is subject to detailed archaeological and palynological investigations that are carried out within the framework of the DFG priority program “Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation –the Emergence of Neolithic Monuments and Early Complex Societies in Northern Central Europe”. Up to now, only little is known about the settlement structure and the environmental conditions and changes in northwestern Germany during the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, although various megalithic monuments, grave mounds as well as surface finds indicate that the area was settled by the West Group of the Funnel Beaker and the subsequent Single Grave Cultures. Therefore, five local research areas were selected that bear high poenclosures, in order to shed light on the cultural context of Neolithic societies in Northern Europe since 4100 BC (compiled by Müller 2009; 2011). In Northwestern Germany, the distribution area of the west group of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) and the Single Grave Culture (EGK) is to be investigated. Several traces were left by both cultures in the areas between the Elbe and Ems rivers. The most prominent features are the numerous megalithic tombs that – at least partly – still shape today’s landscape (Fig. 1). They have often been objects of scientific research as their architecture and distribution reveal regional differences in settlement intensities and land use. In addition, a few flat graves, hoards, and settlements with building features are known (complied by Assendorp 1999; Kossian 2005; Laux 1995; Strahl 1990), while no causewayed enclosures have yet been identified from the mentioned area (compiled by Richter 2002, 3 pp.). Therefore, this setting is ideally suited for investigations into the Neolithic colonisation history of the 4 th and the early 3 rd millennia BC. The research project of the Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research (NIhK) commences here. Within the project it is necessary to explore whether the rare TRB settlement features can be considered to be characteristic for this epoch and which settlement pattern might be presumed. Hence, the localisation and the extensive examination of wellpreserved TRB and EKG settlements are of great significance (Nösler et al. 2011). The relationships between graves and coexistent settlements and the existence of hierarchical structures among single settlements and graves, respectively, are important topics that will be addressed within the examinations. It is also of great importance to know which natural preconditions the Neolithic settlers had to deal with and which climatic and ecological changes they had to face. Palynological investigations will give insights into these developments. A number of further questions are to be investigated. For example, when was the TRB established on the Northwestern German Plain? From which cultures (Ertebølle, Swifterband, Rössen / Bischheim) did the TRB evolve? Which culture(s) influenced the TRB, and what reasons were crucial for this development? The transition from the TRB to the EGK, including when and why it took place, will also be analysed. The state of the art prior to the project’s commencement and its first results shall be presented in the following.
Early and middle Neolithic: introduction
2005
Preface 13 Introductory chapter i A prehistory of our time 17 Peter van dm Broeke, Harry Fokkens and Annelou nan Gijn chapter! The discovery of prehistory in the Netherlands 33 Ayolt Brokers chapter 3 Shaped by water, ice and wind: the genesis of the Netherlands 45 Kier van Gijssel and Bert van der Valk Part I Hunters and gatherers chapter 4 Palaeolithic and Mesolithic: introduction 77 Wil Roebroeks and Annelou van Gijn chapter 5 Neanderthals and their predecessors 93 Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Wil Roebroeks chapter 6 The first'modern'humans 115 Upper Palaeolithic Eelco Rtnsink and Dick Stapert Jèarure A A lost crajt 135 jlinttool manufacture in prehistory Jaap Beuker chapter 7 From tundra hunting to forest hunting 139 later Upper Palaeolithic and Early Mesolithic Jos Deeben and Nico Arts jêature B A drowned land 157 Mesolithicjrom the North Seajloor Leo Verhört chapters Living in abundance 161 Middle and Late Mesolithic Leo Vtrhart and Henny Groenendijk 500,000 years ago to 5300 BC r feature C Mesolithic along the Overijssel Vecht 179 tamp sites and burial pits at Mariènberç} Ad Verlinde feature D Hunting camps in the swamps 183 the riuer dunes near Hardinxueld Leendert Louu>e Kooijmans chapter 9 Hunters and gatherers: synthesis 187 Jos Deeben and Annelou uan Gijn 5300-290080 Part II The first farmers chapter» Early and Middle Neolithic: introduction 203 Annelou uan Gtjn and Leendtrt Louuie Kooijmans chapter it Colonists on the loess? 219 Early Neolithic A: the Bandkeramik culture Marjone de Grooth and Pieter uan de Velde feature E Mines in the marl 243 theflmt extraction at Rijckholt Marjone de Grooth chapter 12 Hunters become farmers 249 Early Neolithic B and Middle Neolithic A Leendert Louute Kooijmans feature F Stone Agefarmers along the North Sea 273 the Rijsurijk-Ypenburg cemetery Hans Koot feature G import jrorn all quarters 277 stone axes in the northern Netherlands Jaap Beuker chapter 13 Megalith builders and sturgeon fishers 281 Middle Neolithic B: Funnel Beaker culture and the Vlaardingen group Annelou van Gijn and Jan Albert Bakker jiature H Funerary buildings Jrom erratic boulders 307 the construction and junction of the hunebedden Jan Albert Bakker chapter 14 The fruits of the land 311 Neolithic subsistence Corrie Bakels and J«rn Zeiler chapter 15 The first farmers: synthesis 337 Annelou uan Gijn and Leendert Louute Kooijmans Part III Mixed fanning societies chapter Late Neolithic, Early and Middle Bronze Age: introduction 357 2900-110080 Harry Fokkens chapter From stone to bronze 371 technology and material culture Jay Butler and Harn) Fokktns feature] Opening up the peat bogs 401 the timber trackways of Drenthe Wil Casparie chapter Longhouses in unsettled settlements 407 settlements in Beaker period and Bronze Age Harry Fokkens JorrureJ Shelljishers and cattle herders 429 settlements of the Smc|!f Graue culture in Wesrjnsia Willem Jan Hogesrijn chapter 19 Mounds for the dead 433 funerary and burial ritual in Beaker period, Early and Middle Bronze Age Erik Drenth and Eric Lohqf Jiature K Barrow research and palynolojjy 455 methods and results Willy Groenman-uart Waateringt feature!, BronieAaewar 459 a collertiue bunal at Wassenaar Leendert Louwe Kooijmans chapter 20 Mixed farming societies: synthesis 463 Harry Fokkens Dates before 50,000 are based on various physical dating techniques, other than radiocarbon, and expressed as 'years ago'. Dates in the period 50,000-10,000 years ago are based on uncalibrated radiocarbon dates and expressed as 'years ago' or 'years BP' (= Before Present). Dates in the last 10,000 years are based on calibrated radiocarbon dates and expressed as 'years BC'. Only these dates can be equated with calender or solar years. See chapter i, section 'periods and dates' for the principles of radiocarbon dating.
The Neolithic settlement and land use history in northwestern Germany is subject to detailed archaeological and palynological investigations that are carried out within the framework of the DFG priority program “Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation –the Emergence of Neolithic Monuments and Early Complex Societies in Northern Central Europe”. Up to now, only little is known about the settlement structure and the environmental conditions and changes in northwestern Germany during the 4th and 3rd millennium BC, although various megalithic monuments, grave mounds as well as surface finds indicate that the area was settled by the West Group of the Funnel Beaker and the subsequent Single Grave Cultures. Therefore, five local research areas were selected that bear high potential for interdisciplinary investigations into the structural context between graves and settlements, the temporal and spatial patterns of the Neolithic occupation period, and on the human impact on the landscape. The research areas are located in the Elbe/Weser Triangle (Flögeln / Sievern, Wanna and Lavenstedt), in the Emsland (Hümmling) and the Wildeshauser Geest on sandy geest islands, all in the federal state of Lower Saxony. At least one pollen profile from each local research area was recovered from bogs and fens to work on the landscape reconstruction of Northwestern Germany. First results imply differences in the chronological development and intensity of the human impact on the vegetation possibly depending on regional differences or on the profile’s vicinity to different find categories like settlements or graves. The archaeological investigations will focus on three of the local research areas where promising sites were identified. At Holzhausen in the Wildeshauser Geest, geomagnetic surveys generated a structure that might be evoked by remains of a causewayed enclosure. In addition, two promising TRB settlements were discovered at Sievern and Lavenstedt. The close connection of the settlement at Lavenstedt to various Neolithic tombs provides the opportunity for working on questions concerning TRB settlement structures. At Sievern, the site was yet dated to the oldest Neolithic settlement in Northwestern Germany which is supported by results from pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of the profile from the neighbouring bog “Dorumer Moor”. Therefore, we expect gain of knowledge about the Neolithic transition in the area.
"Landscape, Histories and Societies in the Northern European Neolithic" presents papers from two sessions of the conference of the European Association of Archaeologists held in 2011 in Olso. The papers of this volume describe new research on the relationships between landscape, history and society in the northern European Neolithic. They focus on the Funnel Beaker complex and related Neolithic contexts, with case studies extending from Poland and the Czech Republic to Norway and Scotland. Several case studies examine the significance of enclosures – from early causewayed enclosures in the north associated with the very beginnings of the Neolithic to the significance of palisade enclosures constructed towards the end of the Neolithic in Scotland and Sweden. The volume also includes new studies on the origin, significance and interpretation of Neolithic burial and megalithic architecture found in a range of landscapes across northern Europe. Importantly, the volume also outlines the significance of other kinds of places that were not monumentalised in the same way, such as fens, the seashore and the wider environment, in the construction of Neolithic worldview. Finally, it concludes with a series of articles that consider the significance of particular forms of material culture – axes, grinding stones, pottery and food – in social reproduction in the Neolithic of northern Europe. Overall, the volume presents an important body of new data and international perspectives concerning Neolithic societies, histories and landscapes in northern Europe.