Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Urine Culture Isolates among Patients Attending to a Teaching Hospital, Jumla (original) (raw)
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Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of urinary isolates in a tertiary care hospital
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most commonly occurring bacterial infections, characterized by multiplication of microorganisms in any part of the urinary tract. UTI affects patient of all age group and both sexes throughout the life span of an individual but prevalence is higher in females. UTI is one of the most frequent hospital acquired infection. UTI is predominantly caused by gram negative bacilli, where Escherichia coli being the commonest. Increasing antibiotic resistance in urinary pathogens makes it essential to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of commonly isolated UTI pathogens so that appropriate antibiotics can be used for prevention of further spread of antimicrobial resistance in community and hospitals.In the present study, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed for various microorganisms isolated from urine specimen of patients with suspected UTI. 140 urine samples were received in the Microbiology laboratory and cultured on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) and MacConkey agar plates. Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests were done to identify the microorganisms grown on culture media. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. In Result,20(14.28%) bacterial isolates were identified. The maximum UTIs were found in females i.e., 55%, whereas in males, it was 45%. Gram negative bacilli (GNB) were responsible for 85% cases of UTI, whereas Gram positive coccus (GPC) was responsible for 15% of the cases. Among the total UTI cases,E.coli (60%) was the predominant isolate followed by Klebsiella spp. (15%), Enterococcus spp. (15%) and Pseudomanasaeruginosa (10%). Gram negative bacteria, isolated from urine sample has shown 100% sensitivity to antibiotics like nitrofurantoin, netilmicin and imipenemand was highly resistant to ampicillin, whereas in the Gram positive bacterial isolates, vancomycin was 100% sensitive and ampicillin was 100% resistant. It is important to have the current knowledge of antibioticsusceptibility pattern of urinary isolates of a particular geographic area, so that the antibiotics can be prescribed judiciously, to prevent antibiotic resistance. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
JPAU , 2020
An infection of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) is known as a urinary tract infection (UTI). The lower urinary tract, the bladder, and the urethra are the most often infected areas. Women are more likely than males to have a bacterial infection. The aim of the research was to determine the causative agent of UTI in patients and see how they responded to standard treatments. A total of 435 urine samples were examined using the culture technique. The samples were streaked evenly on blood agar, MacConkey, and then incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The morphological characteristics of the colony on culture media were used to identify the presumptive bacterium. Gram staining and routine biochemical assays were also used to confirm the findings. On Muller-Hinton agar, the disk diffusion technique was employed to assess susceptibility to 12 different antibiotics. The most prevalent uropathogen was E. coli (44%) samples. The second isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (21%), Klebsiella species (13%) and Proteus species (12%), Enterobacter species (10%). In overall, the uropathogens were highest susceptible to Meropenem (82.2%), Amikacin (63.6%) and Cefixime (59.8%) highest resistance to Azithromycin (84.2%), Gentamycin (75.6%) and Nalidixic acid (64.4%), (84.2%), Gentamycin (75.6%) and Nalidixic acid (64.4%) was the least effective. The present Study can be helpful for the clinicians in finding proper drugs in the developing countries In both genders and age groups, E. coli was the most common uropathogen (44%). The most successful medications for the treatment of UTI Meropenem (82.2%), Amikacin (63.6%), and Azithromycin (93.15 percent), whereas Azithromycin like Bangladesh where multi-drug resistance problem has just complicated the treatment of UTIs.
Alterations in antibiotic susceptibility of urinary tract infection pathogens
Journal of Nephropathology, 2012
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the third most common infection in human. In a study on 32600 ambulatory patients' urine samples from six laboratories, E. coli, Kelebsiella and Enterobacter were the most common pathogens. E. coli and other isolates were more sensitive to Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin compared to the other antibiotics tested and therefore these may be the drugs of choice for the empiric treatment of community-acquired UTI in our region.
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2018
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting people of all age groups i.e. from neonate to geriatric age group. Widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant microorganisms. As the antibiogram of the microorganisms are frequently changing hence the present study was done to analyze the recent antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens in urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: In present study is a retrospective analysis of culture results of urine samples, was conducted at Microbiology department of tertiary health care hospital in Mumbai. The age & sex of patients, the organism isolated and also the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were collected from the laboratory registers using a standard data collection form. Results: The overall prevalence of UTI was 33.54% of which 66.78% were females and 33.22% were from males. High prevalence was observed in females as compared to males (2:1). Though the overall prevalence was high in old aged (>45 years) patients, in females high prevalence was seen among middle-aged (31 to 45 years) patients and in male high prevalence was seen among old age (>45 years) patients. From total 584 uropathogens, E.coli (53.77%) was the commonest isolate causing UTI followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.40%). The most effective antimicrobial agents in our study were Meropenem, gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin and Cotrimoxazole whereas higher resistance was observed among Fluoroquinolones, Amoxicillin and third generation Cephalosporins, these are the drugs which are commonly given emperically for UTI. Conclusion: As drug resistance among bacterial pathogens is vary with time to time regular surveillance and monitoring is necessary for giving updated information to physician for most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Prevalence, Antibiotics resistance, Uropathogenes.
GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. The pathogens traditionally associated with UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns are changing from time to time and across different environment. Knowledge of the antibiotic resistance patterns of uropathogens in specific geographical locations is an important factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment. This study therefore evaluates the causative organisms present in urine specimen and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among patients suspected for UTI attending the general outpatient department clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty (150) mid-stream urine samples were collected from patients suspected of having a UTI and subjected to macroscopic assessment, isolation, and characterization as well as resistance-susceptibility test of isolates using standard conventional techniques. Results showed that UTI was frequently encountered in females 39 (26%) than males 21 (14%) while 60 % of the samples yielded no growth after 48 hours incubation. The most common pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (47.19%), followed by Escherichia coli (20.22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.73%), Candida albicans (10.11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.62%) and Proteus mirabilis (1.12%). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were highly susceptible to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (88.10%) with lower susceptibility to Ofloxacin (52%), Cloxacillin (50%). This information will directly affect selection of empirical therapy for UTI and emphasizes the need for choosing an appropriate antimicrobial treatment in specific geographical locations.
Indian Journal of Microbiology Research, 2023
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial infections. Gram-negative bacilli are frequently isolated as the causative pathogens in UTIs, and antibiotics are commonly used to treat them. However, the overuse of antibiotics has led to the development of resistance in some uropathogens. Aim and Objective: To find the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in clinically significant isolates among urine sample in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: Fresh mid-stream urine samples were collected aseptically in sterile containers. The samples were inoculated on 5% sheep blood agar and MacConkey agar. The isolates were identified to the species level using biochemical tests/Vitek 2 compact. Result: A total of 5847 specimens were examined for significant bacteriuria, out of which 1160 showed bacterial growth in urine cultures. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (57.67%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.63%). The antibiotics aminoglycosides (84%), carbapenems (79%), and nitrofurantoin (63%) displayed a high rate of sensitivity against these pathogens. Conclusion: Due to the variability of drug sensitivity among bacterial pathogens over time, regular surveillance and monitoring are essential to provide physicians with updated information for the most effective empirical treatment of UTIs. Keywords: Antibiotics, Antibiotics resistance, Cystitis, Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection, Urine culture, Uropathogen.
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is most important cause of mortality and morbidity in this world affecting all age groups. Resistance to antibiotic is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates all over the world particularly in developing countries and is evolving and growing problem in UTI. Methodology: The study was conducted at ALKA Hospital, Lalitpur from February to November, 2013. Urine samples were collected and cultured; the culture positive isolates were subjected for antibiotic susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer Method. Results: E. coli was found the most predominant organisms followed by Klebsiella pneumonia. Gram negative bacilli showed best susceptibility towards nitrofurantoin followed by gentamicin whereas ampicillin was found out to be the least effective drug. Cloxacillin was found to be the most effective followed by nitrofurantoin against gram positive bacteria. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 66.3% of total bacterial isolates. Conclusion...
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacteria Responsible for Urinary Tract Infection ( Uti ) *
2018
The urinary tract infection is most commonly caused by gram-negative bacilli in the family Enterobacteriaceae and usually belongs to genera Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. The study was aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI). A total of 50 samples were collected from UTI patients attending urology clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano for period of 6 month from December 2016 to May, 2017. Each of each urine sample was streaked using a sterilized platinum wire loop onto the surface of freshly prepared MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates for isolation and the isolates were identified using laboratory methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The result indicated that Escherichia coli are the most prevalent organism with total 47 occurrences accounting for 24.23%, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with total of 39 isola...
IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd, 2017
Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in humans and major cause of morbidity. The causative agents for urinary tract infection vary from place to place and they also vary in their sensitivity and resistance pattern with the widespread availability of antimicrobial drugs. UTI is difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistant pattern to antimicrobial drugs. Aim: This study is carried out to know the bacteriological profile and its antibiotics sensitivity pattern in patients with UTI at tertiary care hospital, Valsad. Materials and Method: Total 771 mid-stream urine samples were collected from suspected UTI patients. They were tested for bacterial culture and all Culture positive samples were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of total 771 samples, isolates were detected in 302(39.16%) samples. Incidence of infection was more common in females (55%) as compared to males (45%). Escherichia coli (36.75%) was the most common pathogens followed by Kleseilla spp. (18.21%), Gram positive organisms (16.22%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.25%) and Candida spp.(8.60%). Isolated pathogenic organism shows high resistance to commonly use antibiotic and sensitive to higher generation of fluroquinolones and carbapenemase. Conclusion: In this study, females were mostly affected and most common organisms were E.coli and Klebseilla. The commonly isolated pathogens have been changing and increasing resistance pattern is observed due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics and alerting us to update effective empirical treatment regularly.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Causing Human Pathogenic Bacteria
The present study aimed to ascertain the current situation of antimicrobial resistance of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) caused by human pathogens. 10 midstream urine samples were collected from adult patients were analyzed for Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strain isolation and identified. The MDR strains were identified by the Kerby Bauer method following the definition of the National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards. This result was clear that E. coli was the predominant pathogen (31.5%) causing UTI, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.8%), Proteus mirabilis (7.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). The percentages of resistance of all isolates to the antimicrobial agents were: 83.3% to SXT, 80.6% to Nalidixic acid, 67.3% to Amoxycillin, 61% to Cotrimoxazole, 48.8% to Gentamycin, 46% to ciprofloxacin and 43% to cephalexin. Isolated UTI strains were tested for susceptibility against antibiotics, few of the antibiotics were sensitive, but most...