Biomarker approach for assessing chronic toxicity of Captan® herbicide using haematological, growth, endocrine and biochemical endpoints in air breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus (original) (raw)
Related papers
Imazapyr+imazapic herbicide determines acute toxicity in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016
Imazapyr (IMY) and imazapic (IMI) are imidazolinone herbicides which have been associated in a commercial formulation (Kifix s). To date, there are no studies on the toxicity of an IMYþ IMI herbicide in fish. This work aimed to assess the acute toxicity (24 and 96 h) of IMYþ IMI (0, 0.488 and 4.88 mg/L) towards Rhamdia quelen through hematological, biochemical, immunological, ionoregulatory and enzymatic indexes. Red blood cell count was lower at 4.88 than at 0.488 mg/L (24 and 96 h); mean corpuscular volume was lower than control at both concentrations (24 h) and at 0.488 mg/L (96 h); lymphocytes declined at 4.88 mg/L comparing to control (96 h); and monocytes increased at 4.88 mg/L (96 h) in comparison with the respective control and with 4.88 mg/L at 24 h. Aspartate aminotransferase was higher at 0.488 mg/L (96 h) than the respective control and the respective concentration at 24 h; uric acid reduced at 4.88 mg/L comparing with 0.488 mg/L (96 h); and cortisol was lower at 4.88 mg/L compared to 0.488 mg/L and control (96 h). Herbicide exposure lowered plasma bactericidal activity at both concentrations (24 h) and at 0.488 mg/L (96 h); and plasma complement activity declined at 4.88 mg/L comparing with 0.488 mg/L and control (96 h), and was lower at all concentrations at 96 h than at 24 h. Plasma K þ levels were higher at 4.88 mg/L than in the remaining groups (24 and 96 h); and Na þ levels decreased at 4.88 mg/L compared to control (96 h). Na þ /K þ-ATPase and H þ-ATPase activities in gills were lower at 4.88 mg/L comparing with control (24 h) and with the respective concentration at 96 h; and AChE activity in brain was higher at 0.488 and 4.88 mg/L than control (24 h) and the respective concentrations at 96 h, while in muscle it was higher at 0.488 and 4.88 mg/L than control (96 h) and the respective concentrations at 24 h. The present findings demonstrate that, despite IMY þIMI targets the animal-absent AHAS enzyme, such formulation displayed an acute toxic effect upon R. quelen homeostasis by impacting on vital functions such as immune defense, metabolism, ionoregulation and neurotransmission.
Chemosphere, 2007
The effects of the herbicide, clomazone, on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase and TBARS formation in teleost fish (Rhamdia quelen) were studied. The fish were exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 mg L À1 of clomazone for 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 h. After 192 h of exposure period, fish were transferred to clean water and kept in the same for 192 h to study the recovery response. Same parameters as that of exposure period were assayed after 96 and 192 h of recovery period. Specific AChE activity was reduced in the brain and muscle after treatments, reaching a maximum inhibition of 47% in the brain and 45% in the muscle after 12 h of exposure. Fish exposed to clomazone increased TBARS production in the liver for all exposure periods. The brain presented elevated TBARS levels after 12, 24 and 48 h, but after 96 and 192 h, these levels decreased. The decrease of TBARS levels persisted in brain tissue after 96 h of recovery and returned to the control value after 192 h in clean water. Catalase activity was reduced for all periods of exposure. Histological analysis showed vacuolation in the liver after herbicide exposure. Some of the alterations observed were completely restored after recovery period.
Folia Biologica, 2015
Hematological alterations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) exposed to herbicides: pendimethalin and ethofumesate tested separately and in mixture. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 63: 167-174. Herbicides are used in large amounts in agriculture and the evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to environmental safety. The aim of the present study was to investigate common carp hematological alterations caused by herbicide exposure. Fish were treated with pendimethalin and ethofumesate tested separately and in mixture administered to aquarium water. Peripheral blood of treated fish was collected after 1, 3 and 7 days of exposure and compared to control. The total number of erythrocytes (RBC), total number of leukocytes (WBC), hematocrit value (Hct), total hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and leukograms were determined at once. The results indicate that herbicide exposure caused different changes in the hematological profile of the fish. In the case of exposure to individual herbicides, short-term fluctuations of various hematological indices were noted. Moreover, a significant increase in RBC and Hct after a short period of exposure (1-3 days) in fish exposed simultaneously to both tested herbicides was observed. Exposure to herbicides affected the leukocyte profile after 3 and 7 days of duration. Fluctuations of hematological parameters are a typical change in fish exposed to pesticides.
Acute toxicity test of agricultural pesticides on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fingerlings
Ciencia Rural, 2008
Toxicity risks of agricultural pesticides to fishes are pivotal. Currently, many questions remain unsolved regarding to the toxicity of commonly used pesticides to silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), a South American catfish. The present studies have been designed to investigate the acute toxicity and the lethal concentration (LC50) of four herbicides, two fungicides and two insecticides to silver catfish fingerlings. All experiments were carried out in triplicates, in a static bioassay system, using commercially available pesticides. The data was analyzed through the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method available from the Environmental Protection Agency. The 96hLC50 and 95% lower and upper confidence limits, respectively, for the following pesticides were determined: glyphosate (7.3mg L-1; 6.58.3), atrazine (10.2mg L-1; 9.111.5), atrazine+simazine (10.5mg L-1; 8.912.4), mesotrione (532.0mg L-1; 476.5594), tebuconazole (5.3mg L-1; 4.95.7), methylparathion (4.8mg L-1; 4.35.3), strobulurin and triazol (9.9mg L-1; 8.711.2). Diflubenzuron was also tested and caused no fish mortality up to 1g L-1. The toxic concentration of these pesticides to silver catfish fingerlings fell above the concentration used for application in the field and, except following accidental application or misplacing of empty recipients, it should not cause fish mortality. Nonetheless, the data obtained will be useful to study the long-term effect of these products on the hematological, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters of silver catfish and related fish species in South Brazil.
Toxicity Assessment of Three Pesticides on African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
2017
The toxic effects of dragon (A), sniper, (B) and kartodim 315ec, (C) on test specimens (Clarias gariepinus) of average weight 56.4 ± 31.1 g and length 18.5 ± 3.50 cm were examined. These pesticides have pervaded the markets, and have become common items in farms, homes, and food storage houses, hence are indiscriminately employed, mostly by rural and urban farmers and sometimes members of the society. Thus, they are potential environmental contaminants, and pose threat to the wellbeing of man and animals especially aquatic organisms. To determine their impacts in the environment, their respective acute toxicity tests were carried out according to the static non-renewable bioassay procedure. The experimental design consisted of a set of five concentrations [100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L, and a control set up (0 mg/L) of pesticides A, B, and C (dragon, sniper, and kartodim 315ec respectively] with two extra replicate concentration and control for each set; in separate 30 L capacity cal...
The present study was planned aiming to investigate the effects of Pendimethalin herbicide exposure on haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers in the tissue liver of catfish and recovery effects of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid on the degree of Pendimethalin sublethal toxicity for 42 day. The experiment was carried out on (100)catfish that randomly divided in to nine equal groups with fife replicates: The 1st group kept as control, the 2nd group and 3rd group exposed to (5 %) and (10%) of Pendimethalin for 7 days, the 4th and 5th group exposed to (5 %) and (10%) of Pendimethalin and recovery with EDTA for 7 day, the 6th and 7th exposed to (5 %) and (10%) of Pendimethalin for 21 day, while the 8th and 9th group exposed to (5 %) and (10%) of Pendimethalin and recovery with EDTA for 14 day. Abnormal behavioral responses of the catfish and the toxic symptoms of pendimethalin exposure are described. Acute exposure to pendimethalin induced leukocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia and increased lipid profile.Moreover, pendimethalin increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase in the liver tissue. We conclude that although pendimethalin is moderately toxic and cause significant deleterious effects on fish and aquatic invertebrates, it does not cause renal toxicity. However, this herbicide pollutant induces major disturbances to the antioxidant system; induction of oxidative stress and LPO is the proposed toxicodynamic pathway for such stress. Toxicity with Pendimethalin (Stomp) can end up in humans through thefood chain. However, fish recovered with EDTA exhibited protective effect by minimizing the Pendimethalin-induced toxicity, through measured values more or less similar to the control group fish.
International Aquatic Research, 2014
The African catfish Clarias gariepinus is a widespread species in the Beninese cotton basin. In this study, the impacts of exposure to agricultural pesticides endosulfan [Thionex 350 EC (emulsifiable concentrate)] and Tihan 175 O-TEQ (oil toxicity equivalent) on growth, feed utilization and energy budget of C. gariepinus were investigated. Fingerlings (1.58 ± 0.02 g) were exposed to borehole water (control), 0.23 ppb (environmental concentration), 440 ppb (Lethal Concentration 50 %/20, LC50/20) and 880 ppb (LC50/10) of Tihan; and to 11 ppb (LC50/20), 22 ppb (LC50/10) and 29.40 ppb (environmental concentration) of Thionex for 28 days. Fish biomass was assessed weekly and fish samples were taken from different aquaria to determine the specific growth rate (effect on growth), feed efficiency rate and protein efficiency ratio (impact on feed utilization), and the biochemical composition of fish (impact on the energy budget). The results showed that endosulfan environmental concentration induced 100 % of mortality in catfish fingerlings while mortality rate was comparable between control fish and Tihan-treated fish over the 28-day period (p [ 0.05). In contrast to survival, the two pesticide types tested induced a marked decrease in growth only during the first 2 weeks of exposure (p \ 0.05). The negative impact of endosulfan on growth was associated to a lower feed utilization and protein efficiency compared with control fish or those exposed to Tihan (p \ 0.05). The energy reserves were more rapidly exhausted in fish exposed to endosulfan to meet energy demand generated by this chemical stressor.
Pendimethalin is a widely used herbicide in agricultural field to control weeds in many areas of India. Chemicals like herbicides; pesticides etc. after releasing from various agricultural fields impair water quality directly or indirectly causing severe damage to the aquatic ecosystem especially to fishes. In the present study, the toxic effect of pendimethalin was evaluated by measuring tissue protein levels in a commercially important fish, Channa punctata. Adult healthy fishes were used and divided into 5 experimental groups; first group was kept as control, second one as DMSO (solvent) exposed, while fishes of third, fourth and fifth groups were exposed to 10% (0.220 mg/L), 20% (0.440 mg/L) and 30% (0.660 mg/L) of 96 h LC50 value of pendimethalin respectively, for duration of 96 hours in a semi static system. The results revealed a significant decrease in liver, gonad and blood protein levels in the exposed fishes in a dose and time dependant manner when compared to control. The occurrence of decreased protein level in the observed tissues of the treated fishes is the indications of dysfunctional protein metabolism in response to the test chemical.
Sublethal Effects of Waterborne Herbicides in Tropical Freshwater Fish
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2011
The study evaluated the sublethal effects of the herbicides glyphosate (Roundup) and diuron (Hexaron) and the mixture of them, used extremely in agriculture, through biomarkers in fish. The glutathione S-transferase activity increased (74%) and catalase activity decreased (37%) at the higher exposure concentration of Hexaron in comparison to the control group, suggesting an activation of this metabolism route. Membrane damage was observed at the higher exposure of Roundup and in the mixture group compared to the control group, which can be related to the nuclear alterations observed in these exposed groups. The cholinesterase activity was also inhibited (37%) in mixture group compared to the control group and no gill morphology damage was found. The results suggested a potential synergic effect in some analysed parameters.