Effect of motor-based speech intervention on articulatory placement in the treatment of a posterior nasal fricative: a preliminary MRI study on a single subject (original) (raw)
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The Angle Orthodontist, 2011
Objective: To use an accurate method of tooth visualization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) movie for the observation of spatio-temporal relationships among articulators. Materials and Methods: The subjects were two volunteers. Each subject repeated a vowelconsonant-vowel syllable (ie, /asa/; /ata/), and the run was measured using a gradient echo sequence. A custom-made clear retainer filled with the jelly form of ferric ammonium citrate was then fit onto the dental arch, and a T1-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequence was taken. Landmarks were used for superimposition of the incisor boundary onto sequential images of MRI movie. Tracings were conducted to observe the spatio-temporal relationships among articulators. Results: The incisor boundary was clearly visible in the magnetic resonance images. After superimposition, the contact distance of the tongue to palate/incisor was found to be longer during /t/-articulation than during /s/-articulation. There were prominent differences in images with and without tooth superimposition in the front oral cavity. Conclusions: The method could distinctly extract a tooth boundary in MRI. Detailed configurational relationships between the tongue and tooth were observed during the production of a fricative and a plosive in MRI movie using this method.
REAL TIME MRI AND ARTICULATORY COORDINATIONS IN VOWELS
2000
This paper describes the use of a real time MRI technique to study the coordination of articulatory movements during the production of vowels. The technique was also applied to study articulatory compensations during bite block experiments (Demolin et al. 1997). One of the main interest of this technique is to allow a detailed spatial description of the main articulators (lip protrusion and opening, jaw opening and retraction, dorsum position, velum opening, larynx height and tongue root advancement) during the production of a sequence of vowels. The technique is also applicable to study the coarticulation of consonants and vowels, but because it is still not possible to obtain a satisfactory sound coordination and because the frame interval is still a bit slow, this question will not be treated in this paper. Measurement accuracy on real time images is evaluated by comparison with similar measurements on static MR images.
Human Brain Mapping, 2012
Compared with complex coordinated orofacial actions, few neuroimaging studies have attempted to determine the shared and distinct neural substrates of supralaryngeal and laryngeal articulatory movements when performed independently. To determine cortical and subcortical regions associated with supralaryngeal motor control, participants produced lip, tongue and jaw movements while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). For laryngeal motor activity, participants produced the steady-state/i/vowel. A sparse temporal sampling acquisition method was used to minimize movement-related artifacts. Three main findings were observed. First, the four tasks activated a set of largely overlapping, common brain areas: the sensorimotor and premotor cortices, the right inferior frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area, the left parietal operculum and the adjacent inferior parietal lobule, the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. Second, differences between tasks were restricted to the bilateral auditory cortices and to the left ventrolateral sensorimotor cortex, with greater signal intensity for vowel vocalization. Finally, a dorso-ventral somatotopic organization of lip, jaw, vocalic/laryngeal, and tongue movements was observed within the primary motor and somatosensory cortices using individual region-of-interest (ROI) analyses. These results provide evidence for a core neural network involved in laryngeal and supralaryngeal motor control and further refine the sensorimotor somatotopic organization of orofacial articulators. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary. com). V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. r fMRI Assessment of Orofacial Articulators r r 3 r r fMRI Assessment of Orofacial Articulators r r 15 r
Speech therapy for compensatory articulations and velopharyngeal function: a case report
Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2011
T he objective of this study was to describe the process of intensive speech therapy for a 6-year-old child using compensatory articulations while presenting with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) and a history of cleft lip and palate. The correction of VPI was temporarily done with a pharyngeal obturator since the child presented with very little movement of the pharyngeal walls during speech, compromising the outcome of a possible pharyngeal flap procedure (pharyngoplasty). The program of intensive speech therapy involved 3 phases, each for duration of 2 weeks incorporating 2 daily sessions of 50 minutes of therapy. A total of 60 sessions of intervention were done with the initial goal of eliminating the use of compensatory articulations. evaluation before the program indicated the use of coproductions (coarticulations) of voiceless plosive and fricative sounds with glottal stops (simultaneous production of 2 places of productions), along with weak intraoral pressure and hypernasality, all compromising speech intelligibility. To address place of articulation, strategies to increase intraoral air pressure were used along with visual, auditory and tactile feedback, emphasizing the therapy target and the air pressure and airflow during plosive and fricative sound productions. After the first two phases of the program, oral place of articulation of the targets were achieved consistently. During the third phase, velopharyngeal closure during speech was systematically addressed using a bulb reduction program with the objective of achieving velopharyngeal closure during speech consistently. After the intensive speech therapy program involving the use of a pharyngeal obturator, we observed absence of hypernasality and compensatory articulation with improved speech intelligibility.
Tongue Dynamics in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Case Study
Journal of Communication Disorders, Deaf Studies & Hearing Aids, 2015
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a subtype of speech sound disorder with unique features that include deficits in speech sound accuracy, prosody, coarticulatory transitions, and consistency on repeated attempts. Articulatory errors are abundant in apraxia such as articulatory groping, perseverative errors, and speech initiation difficulties. There are few studies conducted to see the articulatory pattern of CAS. Present study aimed to analyse the prime articulator, i.e. tongue dynamics in CAS in different place of articulation comparing with typically developing children. One child with CAS and one typically developing age matched control subject were participated in the study. The test material consisted of three meaningful words consisting stops in three different places of articulation including dental /t̪ /, retroflex/ʈ/ and velar /k/. The instrument Mindray ultrasound 6600 with Articulate Assistant Advanced (AAA) ultrasound module Version 2.14 was used for data collection and analysis. The overall results showed variation across trials in CAS and this disparity between the trails were less in typical speaker's utterances compared to CAS. The placement of tongue was diverse across subject during the articulation of /k/ with respect to the tongue height and advancement. Variations were more evident in the tongue front and posterior tongue body region compared to anterior tongue body. In the case of retroflex stop /ʈ/ tongue front and posterior tongue body image was not prominent in all repetition of CAS. But in normal speaker all the three divisions were prominent and variations across trails were less. This information can be useful to set the treatment plans for CAS to resolve the articulatory errors.
An MRI study of the oral articulation of European Portuguese nasal vowels
2012
There is increasing evidence that, in addition to velopharyngeal coupling, lingual position may also change during production of phonemic nasal vowels. In order to investigate differences in oral articulation between European Portuguese (EP) nasal vowels and oral counterparts, imaging data (both static and real-time MRI) of several EP speakers (male and female) are used. Superimposition of outlines of the vocal tract profiles, semi-automatically extracted from MRI images, were used to compare the position of tongue and lips during nasal and oral vowel production. The results suggest that lingual and labial differences between nasal vowels and their oral counterparts are quite subtle in EP. Nasal vowels [5̃], [õ] exhibited more articulatory adjustments with respect to oral congeners than [ı̃] and [ũ].
Characterizing Articulation in Apraxic Speech Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2017
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and accompanying analytical methods are shown to capture and quantify salient aspects of apraxic speech, substantiating and expanding upon evidence provided by clinical observation and acoustic and kinematic data. Analysis of apraxic speech errors within a dynamic systems framework is provided and the nature of pathomechanisms of apraxic speech discussed. One adult male speaker with apraxia of speech was imaged using real-time MRI while producing spontaneous speech, repeated naming tasks, and self-paced repetition of word pairs designed to elicit speech errors. Articulatory data were analyzed, and speech errors were detected using time series reflecting articulatory activity in regions of interest. Real-time MRI captured two types of apraxic gestural intrusion errors in a word pair repetition task. Gestural intrusion errors in nonrepetitive speech, multiple silent initiation gestures at the onset of speech, and covert (unphonated) articulat...
2015 Fifth National Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, Image Processing and Graphics (NCVPRIPG), 2015
Place of articulation obtained by analysis of the speech signal is useful for visual feedback of articulatory efforts for speech training of hearing impaired children and for improving pronunciation by learners of second languages. Its estimation by direct imaging of the oral cavity is needed for validating the estimation from the speech signal. For such applications, an automated technique is presented for estimating the place of articulation by graphical processing of the upper and lower contours of the oral cavity image. It iteratively estimates the axial curve as an axis of symmetry of the oral cavity, such that the curve approximately bisects the normals to it. Distance between the contours along the normal to the axial curve gives the oral cavity opening and position of the smallest opening provides the place of articulation. The values estimated using the automated technique closely matched those obtained by manual marking of the visually estimated place of maximum constriction for the oral cavity images of vowels, stops, and fricatives, from the XRMB and MRI databases.