Toxic content of certain commercially available fairness creams in Indian market (original) (raw)
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Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 2019
In Bangladesh, use of beauty cream is very much popular and a common daily task for the people. The current study is focusing on the assessment of some toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury contamination in some beauty creams commonly used by Bangladeshi people. The results indicate that the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and chromium exceed the maximum allowable concentrations, whereas mercury is found below the acceptable limit set by WHO/EU. However, according to Health Canada, the concentrations of cadmium and chromium for all the selected samples (except cadmium in sample coded A) was within the permissible limit. Health risks associated with these metal intakes via dermal exposure route are evaluated in terms of chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ). The carcinogenic risk (CR) estimated for chromium indicates that it is within the acceptable range. The cancer and non-cancer risk results indicate that although the chances of cancer risk and non-cancer risk resulting from the use of these cosmetic products were unlikely, buildup of these toxic heavy metals overtime on continuous usage could be detrimental for Bangladeshi people.
Quantitative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Unbranded Whitening Creams Sold in Karachi
Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences
The use of cosmetic products contaminated with toxic heavy metals can cause serious health issues among consumers. Especially, skin whitening products are widely used among women and consumers are completely unaware of the presence of toxic metals in such products. Therefore, the present study is conducted for the first time in Karachi that aims to assess the concentration of selected heavy metals in unbranded skin whitening creams sold in local markets of Karachi using Merck Super Nova60 kits. The findings of the study revealed that the mean concentration of heavy metals was found in the order of Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > As among all collected samples. Proper monitoring and control of heavy metals must be required during the manufacturing process of the products to avoid serious health impacts among consumers.
Review of Health Hazards and Toxicological Effects of Constituents of Cosmetics
Poisoning in the Modern World - New Tricks for an Old Dog?, 2019
Cosmetic products are designed for use on human body for beautifying and promoting attractiveness and appearance; for these reasons, cosmetics are in high demand especially among women of all ages in every country. Despite many vulnerabilities associated with cosmetic usage, the cosmetic and 'makeup' continues to enjoy wide acceptability irrespective of age and sex. This is made possible by massive advertising employed by producers and marketers of cosmetics. Advertising is the link between manufactured products and would-be consumers; it plays a crucial role in determining the product that is mostly patronised and vice versa. Therefore, ethical advertising that promotes utilitarian benefits of cosmetics should be encouraged over and above emotional advertisement that lowers self-esteem of consumers and offers such products as solution to their low self-esteem. Despite the ban in many countries of poisonous substances in cosmetic products, inexhaustive list of substances, such as lead, chromium, nickel, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, hydroquinone, steroids, nitrosamine, etc. are still present in many cosmetic products. In most cases, above regulatory values, cancers, renal disorders, thinning and easy brushing of the skin, dermatophyte infection with lesions, macular hyper pigmentation, pityriasis vesicular, diabetes mellitus, micropapular eruption, hypertension, etc. are possible toxicological and health hazards that may be associated with continuous cosmetic application.
Journal of Public Health Research
Background. Skin lightening is very popular among women and some men of the Caribbean, and its popularity appears to be growing. The lightening of skin colour is done to produce a lighter complexion which is believed to increase attractiveness, social standing and improves one’s potential of being successful. Design and Methods. Fifteen (15) common skin lightening creams found in pharmacies and cosmetic retailers throughout Trinidad and Tobago were evaluated for Mercury by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CVAAS) and Arsenic by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (HGAAS). The results obtained were compared to global standards and previous research. Results. Fourteen (14) of the fifteen samples analysed contained Mercury in the range of 0.473 μg/g to 0.766 μg/g. One sample had a Mercury content of 14,507.74±490.75 μg/g which was over 14,000 times higher than the USFDA limit for mercury in cosmetics of 1 μg/g. All samples contained Arsenic in the range...
International Journal of Chemistry, 2016
Forty two different cosmetic samples consisting of 16 facial cosmetics, 6 soaps, 1 shower gel, 12 emulsions, 2 underarm cosmetics, 3 nail cosmetics and 2 perfumes were purchased from department stores and cosmetic shops within Onitsha Main Market and Eke-Awka in Anambra, Nigeria. Seven of these cosmetic (16.67%) were locally manufactured in Nigeria while thirty five (83.33%) were imported into Nigeria. The cosmetics were ashed before digestion and filtration. The filtrates were assayed for mercury and arsenic with AAS SearchTech AA320N. Hydroquinone presence was identified by chromatographic test while steroids, nitrite and N-nitrosamines were identified by colour test and together were assayed by UV-spectrophotometer (Spectrulab 21). The health risk assessment methods developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) were employed to explore the potential human health risk of Mercury and Arsenic in cosmeticsamples. Results showed that two (2) of the cosmetic ...
Medico-Legal Update
Background: Lead and it's compound induced health problems are continue to be an important, preventable public health issue. The common source of lead exposure in modern days is cosmetic products. Aim and Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the awareness about the adverse effects of lead-containing cosmetics in adolescence and the young adult population including factors influencing customers, knowledge about the product ingredients, and quality. Materials and Method: In this study, a questionnaire was prepared using Google form and circulated among the adolescence and young adult subjects to assess the awareness about the adverse effect of lead in cosmetics. The study sample comprised of totally 203 participants of both males and females with the age group between 16 to 24 years. Results: In this study, it is found that 87% of the participants were aware that cosmetic products harm their health. 78% of the participants know lead and its compounds present in the cosmetics. 86% of participants have the habit of checking the ingredients and quality of cosmetic products. About 96% of the participants were influenced by the advertisement of the product before buying it.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Selected Cosmetic Products sold in Nepal
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences
Introduction: Cosmetics are a significant source of heavy metals, as they contain various chemicals as ingredients and additives. There are concerns about the presence of hazardous chemicals in cosmetics, including heavy metals. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of heavy metals, specifically lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), and Arsenic (As), in bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams, and bulk powders sold in Nepal. Methods: Fourteen different brands of bathing soaps, shampoos, face creams and bulk powders were purchased from local markets of major cities of seven provinces of Nepal to determine the concentrations of three metals (Pb, Cd and As) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: The results showed that lead was detected in four samples, and all of them exceeded the permissible limit. Arsenic was detected in only one sample, which also exceeded the limit. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that some cosmetic products in Nepal contain heavy metals, ...
Bioresearch Communications
Skin toning creams and turmeric powders are widely used among Bangladeshi fashion and beauty concerned women and young girls in general. However, it has been reported that excessive use of skin toning cream and turmeric powder can cause various dermatological problems, including skin cancer. These creams and turmeric powder contain a wide variety of active ingredients, including Hydroquinone (HQ), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb), that are toxic, and hazardous to health, especially after prolonged application. As a result, in the current study, we tried to assess HQ and Hg level in commonly used skin toning creams and Pb in turmeric powder in the context of Bangladeshi women collected from the local markets in Dhaka city. HQ, Hg, and Pb levels were analyzed for 40 different Bangladeshi skin toning cream products and 40 different turmeric powder samples. The HQ level was determined by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, the Hg level was determined by Cold Vapor Atomi...
Toxic elements determination in selected cosmetic products: Health risk assessment
Research Square (Research Square), 2023
The aim of this research was to determine the content of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) in selected lipsticks and face foundations of different countries of origin and price categories, as well as the assessment of health risk associated with these metals via dermal and oral exposure. The samples were prepared by acid digestion and then analyzed by ame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS)-Cd, Pb and Ni and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS)-As. Arsenic was found in 50% of lipstick samples and in only two face foundation samples with the highest concentration of 0.28 mg/kg in the lipstick sample, the lead concentration was in the range of 1.15 to 5.12 mg/kg in ten samples. Nickel was found in ve samples out of 20, with the highest concentration of 4.20 mg/kg. Cadmium was found in only one face foundation sample in the cheaper price range (1.11 mg/kg). The obtained results indicate that concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, and Ni were within the permissible limits according to Serbian legislation. Health risk associated with these elements was assessed as noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk. Obtained hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard indexes (HIs) were below 1, indicating the absence of signi cant non-carcinogenic health risk due to exposure to these TEs. The carcinogenic risk results show that investigated cosmetic products can be considered low-risky due to the possibility of causing malignant disease.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015
The concentrations of ten metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn and Al) were measured in some commonly used moisturizing and skin-lightening creams in Nigeria with a view to providing information on the risk of exposure to metals from the use of these products. The metal concentrations in these products were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry after acid digestion of the samples. The measured concentrations of metals in the skin moisturizing creams ranged from <0.15 to 6.3 lg/g Cd, <0.02 to 17.5 lg/g Cu, 2.25 to 6.25 lg/g Cr, <0.25 to 124.3 lg/g Al, 0.2 to 7.3 lg/g Pb, <0.03 to 10.7 lg/g Ni, 17.3 to 372.0 lg/g Zn, <0.02 to 1.0 lg/g Co, 17.75 to 28.8 lg/g Mn, <0.1 to 89.8 lg/g Fe while the concentrations of metals in the skin-lightening products ranged from <0.15 to 16.5 lg/g Cd, <0.02 to 10.0 lg/g Cu, 4.25 to 8.0 lg/g Cr, <0.25 to 128.0 lg/g Al, 0.5 to 4.5 lg/g Pb, <0.03 to 1.65 lg/g Ni, 24.7 to 267.5 lg/g Zn, <0.02 to 2.5 lg/g for Co, 19.3 to 31.8 lg/g Mn, 9.5 to 211.63 lg/g Fe. In a significant number (>93%) of the samples investigated the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni and Co were below the specified limit, or the maximal limit for impurities in colour additives in cosmetics for external use. However, Cr was found at concentrations above the allergenic limit of 1 lg/g. The results also showed that skin-lightening creams contained higher concentrations of the studied metals than the moisturizing creams, except for Ni, which indicates that persons who uses skin-lightening creams in preference to moisturizing ones, are exposed to higher concentrations of metals.