Miniaturized Wireless Neural Interfaces: A tutorial (original) (raw)

Technology of deep brain stimulation: current status and future directions

Nature Reviews Neurology, 2020

Competing interests J. K. K. is a consultant for Medtronic and Boston Scientific. P. B. is a consultant for Medtronic. W. M. G. is the Director, Chief Scientific Officer and share owner of Deep Brain Innovations, LLC. He also receives royalty payments for licensed patents on temporal patterns of deep brain stimulation. M. I. H. has received travel expenses and honoraria from Boston Scientific for speaking at meetings. A. H. was supported by the German Research Council (DFG grant 410169619) and reports lecture fees from Medtronic and Boston Scientific unrelated to the present work. P. A. T. works as a consultant for Boston Scientific Neuromodulation. J. V. works as a consultant to Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and Newronika and has received honoraria for lectures from Boston Scientific and Medtronic as well as research grants from Boston Scientific and Medtronic. A. M. L. has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Aleva, and Abbott and is a co-founder of Functional Neuromodulation. All other authors declare no competing interests. Peer review information Nature Reviews Neurology thanks V. Visser-Vandewalle and Y. Temel for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Neuromodulation devices nowadays

Romanian Neurosurgery

Introduction. Neuromodulation devices have known a great progress in the past years being used in treatment of drug resistant neurological diseases such as epilepsies and migraines. A neuromodulation device can stimulate profound or superficial neural pathways in order to balance chronic drug-resistant disorders that involve disturbances of cellular electrical potentials. Material. Cranial neuromodulation devices implants used until now usually determined skull irregularities, implant site infection, resorption of the bone flap or osteomyelitis. In order to solve these problems, it was needed a customized cranial implant that integrates the neuromodulation device. We report the first description of a fully integrated neuromodulation device within a customized cranial implant, publicised in 2018 by Gordon et al., that demonstrates the utility of a computerized neurostimulation device combined with clear custom-designed cranial implant. Conclusion. The new approach of neurotechnology ...

Deep Brain Stimulation: Technology at the Cutting Edge

Journal of Clinical Neurology, 2010

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery has been performed in over 75,000 people worldwide, and has been shown to be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, tremor, dystonia, epilepsy, depression, Tourette's syndrome, and obsessive compulsive disorder. We review current and emerging evidence for the role of DBS in the management of a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, and discuss the technical and practical aspects of performing DBS surgery. In the future, evolution of DBS technology may depend on several key areas, including better scientific understanding of its underlying mechanism of action, advances in high-spatial resolution imaging and development of novel electrophysiological and neurotransmitter microsensor systems. Such developments could form the basis of an intelligent closed-loop DBS system with feedback-guided neuromodulation to optimize both electrode placement and therapeutic efficacy.

Implantable neurotechnologies: electrical stimulation and applications

Medical & biological engineering & computing, 2016

Neural stimulation using injected electrical charge is widely used both in functional therapies and as an experimental tool for neuroscience applications. Electrical pulses can induce excitation of targeted neural pathways that aid in the treatment of neural disorders or dysfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we summarize the recent trends in the field of electrical stimulation for therapeutic interventions of nervous system disorders, such as for the restoration of brain, eye, ear, spinal cord, nerve and muscle function. Neural prosthetic applications are discussed, and functional electrical stimulation parameters for treating such disorders are reviewed. Important considerations for implantable packaging and enhancing device reliability are also discussed. Neural stimulators are expected to play a profound role in implantable neural devices that treat disorders and help restore functions in injured or disabled nervous system.

Neuromodulation for Functional Electrical Stimulation

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 2019

Neuromodulation for functional rehabilitation uses electrical stimulation to generate or suppress activity in the nervous system in those who have suffered neurologic damage. Technological advances and greater understanding of the structure and function of the nervous system have enabled bioengineers and clinicians to develop treatments and devices to improve the health, function, and quality of life of those with disabilities. Specific applications for individuals with spinal cord injury include use as a neuroprosthesis for paralysis, to improve neurogenic bladder, and to improve lost respiratory function. Specific applications in stroke include electrical stimulation as a treatment to improve motor recovery and as a neuroprosthesis in the lower limb. Some of the devices and treatments are commercially available and some remain in the experimental realm.

Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorder

J. of Health Science, 2019

Neurological disorders with symptoms such as chronic pain, depression, and insomnia are widespread. Very weak electric fields applied through the skull can enhance or diminish neural activity and modulate brain waves in order to treat many of these common medical problems. This approach is to be contrasted with well-established pharmacological methods or more recent invasive electrical Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) techniques that require surgery to insert electrodes deep into the brain. We claim that Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) will provide new treatment methods with much greater simplicity, lower cost, improved safety and in some cases, possibly greater effectiveness. This emerging use of NIBS is a branch of a new multidisciplinary field that we coined Neuro-systems Engineering [1]. This field involves neuroscientists, psychologists, and electrical engineers. This emerging field relies on existing standards for the safe implementation of these novel treatment modalities [2]. Methods of stimulating the brain are based on emerging electro-technologies such as transcranial Direct Current/Alternating Current (DC/AC) electric fields and pulsed magnetic fields. Application of functional and time-dependent brain imaging methods can be used to locate relevant brain regions and determine the most appropriate stimulation method. Application of tailored and individualized control can be combined with other therapy methods to effectively treat neurological disorders while minimizing or even eliminating the use of pharmaceuticals. In this paper, we are presenting our embodiment for a closed loop, feedback controlled, non-invasive application of electrical stimulation of the brain to enhance individual/group performance or to treat neurological disorders.