EFFICACY OF PARAZOQUANTEL AGAINST SCHISTOSOMA HEAMATOBIUM INFECTION AMONG RESIDENT OF WASAI DAM IN MINJIBIR LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KANO STATE, NIGERIA (original) (raw)
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A twelve-month epidemio-ecological study on the prevalence of schistosomiasis was conducted in Bauchi State, from January to December, 2016. Two thousand 2000 samples each of faeces and urine were collected and examined microscopically for schistosome eggs. The urine samples were examined using sedimentation method while the faecal samples were examined using formol-ether concentration technique. Twenty eight 28 (1.40%) of the entire volunteers urine samples collected had eggs of S.haematobium 3(0.15%) had eggs of S. mansoni in their faecal samples. The infection rates in different month by S.mansoni species, infection rate in different sexes and infection rate in individuals from different senatorial zone by schistosomiasis were not statistically significant while the infection rates in different month by S.heamatobium species, infection rate in different age groups, infection rate in individuals using different water source, infection rate in individuals using different types of toilet facilities and the infection rate in individuals in different occupational groups were all statistically significant at (p<0.05). Though there was low prevalence of the disease in the study area, there is need to intensified integrated control measures to reduce or complete eradicate the disease.
International journal of science & technoledge, 2020
1. Introduction Schistosomiasis know as bilharziasis is a major disease of public health importance in tropic and the sub tropic as a source of human morbidity cause by parasitic agent (Nanvya et al., 2011; Goselle et al., 2010). Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease produced by the platyhelminthes worm of the class Trematode, genus Schistosoma. It is commonly known as Blood fluke or Flat worm which is common in developing countries (Gberikon et al., 2015). According to the world Health Organization(WHO), Schistosomiasis is second to malaria alone amid thevector-borne diseases in terms of public health and remuneration importance in the tropic(WHO,2016). The World Health Organization(WHO) has estimated that 160-200 million cases of infections are acquired annually worldwide, with about 120million with symptoms and 20million with varying pathological presentation that is severe illness (Harp and Chowdhury,2011,Mafiana et al,2003, Chitsulo et al.,2000). The disease being endemic to some 74 countries and Some 400 million more people are at risk of becoming infected and an estimated 80% of most severely affected individuals is now concentrated affecting at least 200million people yearly in
Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 2018
A study was carried out to determine prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis among two villages located along Hadejia valley in Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of 125 urine sample from people residing in each of the two villages (Yamidi and Shawara), were screened for the presence or absence of S. haematobium eggs. Urine sample were screened using Concentration Sedimentation Technique. The overall prevalence of S. haematobium infection in Yamidi was 76.8% with mean Eggs per cubic Centiliter (EPC) of 2.9, and in Shawara the overall prevalence was 77.6% with mean EPC of 3.4. Males were found to be more infected than female in both the two villages. People aged 1 to 5 years have highest prevalence of the infection in both the two villages than people among older age group. People with haematuria have highest prevalence of 95.1% and mean EPC of 6.0 than people without haematuria that have lower prevalence of 72.0% and mean EPC of 3.4.There was no significant relationship (p > 0.05) between the infection and presence or absence of haematuria. This study has established that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the study area.
Science World Journal, 2012
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in Abarma district of Gusau Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. A total of 400 urine samples were collected and analyzed for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium using the standard filtration technique out of which 296 (74.0%) were found to be infected. The mean egg intensity of infection was 77.63 eggs/10ml of urine. The infection rate was higher among males 81.7% than the females 68.6%, although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The males had higher mean egg intensity of 139.36 eggs/10ml of urine compared to the females with 38.16%eggs/10ml of urine. The highest infection was recorded in the age group 10-19 years, with 86.8% and egg mean intensity of 102.7 eggs/10ml of urine while the least infection rate occurred within the 30- 39 years and 50-59 years age groups, with 55.0 and 50.0 eggs/10ml of urine respectively indicating infection to be age spec...
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Enwan, a rural community of Edo state, Nigeria was study with a total of 300 individuals volunteering to take part in the investigation for the present of Schistosoma haematobium ovas in their urine samples. Of this total samples which comprises of 193 (64.3%) males and 107 (35.7%) females examined for the presence ova of S. haematobium in their urine using centrifugation technique, overall, 130 (43.3%) had the eggs of S. haematobium in their urine and which was graded as light infection (< 50 ova/10ml) and heavy infection (≥ 50 ova /10ml) of urine. A total of 75 (57.7%) had light infection while 55(42.3%) had heavy infection for S. haematobium. Thirty one (37.3%) had heavy infection while 52(62.7%) light infection of 83(63.9%) positive males for S. haematobium. Twenty four (51.1%) had heavy infection while 23(48.9%) had light infection of 47(36.1%) positive females for S. haematobium. Males had the highest to the lowest prevalence rate at age between 16 – 20years 37(71.2%
Studies were carried out on urinary schistosomiasis in 9 communities of Ohaji/Egbema Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Of the 487 persons examined, 55 (11.3%) were positive for Schistosoma haematobium ova. Highest prevalence was recorded in Umuokanne (27.8%), followed by Umukene (16.3%) and Nwori (13.2%), while Umuagwo had no infected persons. The infection varied significantly among various age and occupational groups (P<0.05). The males had higher infection rate (13.2%) than the females (8.8%). About 80.0% of all the infected persons were within the 1-40 years age bracket, while only 20% were within the fifth decade of life and above. A greater proportion of infected persons (47.3%) had haematuria, while supra-public pain and painful urination was observed in 18.2 and 14.5% respectively. The implications of these findings on the community health management in Imo state are discussed.
Research Journal of Parasitology, 2015
A parasitological mapping of urinary schistosomiasis using filtration method was conducted in Biase and Yakurr LGAs of Cross River State, Nigeria by the Neglected Tropical Diseases Control unit in collaboration with the schistosomiasis/soil transmitted helminths unit of the Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria in November 2012. The results of the study revealed a mean urinary schistosomiasis prevalence of 49% for the six schools under study in Biase and 30% for the six schools under study in Yakurr LGA. The mean ova load was 0.9 for males and 0.8 for females in the two LGAs. Integrated control measures put in place, included chemotherapy of infected individuals with praziquantel and health education on the predisposing factors responsible for the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. An evaluation of the interventions was carried out in November 2014, after two rounds of treatment with Praziquantel and intensive education were given. Urine samples were collected from 600 school children, 300 from each of the two LGAs. The evaluation study using the urine filtration technique revealed a mean schistosomiasis prevalence of 0% for the six schools under study in Biase and 0.02% for the six schools under study in Yakurr LGA with mean ova load reduced to 0.3 for males and 0 for females in the two LGAs. Data analysis with SPSS package revealed a 100% participation of all selected school children in 12 schools (6 in each LGA). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the prevalence between male and female (p>0.005). A student t-test showed a significant difference between prevalence rates in 2012 and the results in 2014 (p>0.005). The spatial distribution showed that endemic schools were distributed within marshy areas where rice was cultivated in the two LGAs. These results showed that with wide scale integrated control measures, urinary schistosomiasis can be eliminated or reduced to a disease of no public health importance.
Human schistosomiasis is a major water-borne parasitic disease in Nigeria with limited control programme. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis, and knowledge of local health personnel in rural communities of the southwestern states of Osun and Kwara, Nigeria, by using a filtration technique and a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Of the 620 individuals examined, 346 (55.8%) had an infection with a mean intensity of 65.60 eggs/10ml urine. The age-related prevalence was unimodal with the highest prevalence, 65.9% and mean intensity 67.4eggs/10 ml of infection in the age group of 10 to 14 years. There was a significant difference (P<0.005) in infection rate with respect to male and female (61.9 vs 47.3%) individuals. Of the 92 health personnel interviewed, 32.6% were clinicians, 22.8% health care assistants, and 44.5% consists of others like chemists and pharmacists. The knowledge of health personnel on urinary schistosomiasis varied significantly (p<0.005). Though 46.7% of the clinicians have good knowledge of the treatment and control measure, and 56.7% have a fair knowledge of prevention of schistosome, a very high number of the interviewee (46.7%) consisting of most of the Auxiliary health workers, and others like chemists and pharmacists have no knowledge of the infection. The high prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection in the current study area clearly indicated that this infection remains unabated and as such, local health personnels should be adequately trained on handling urinary schistosomiasis cases in these communities.
International Health, 2017
Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the current drug of choice for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in endemic areas. It is very efficacious, although the potential for the development of resistance has been reported in some endemic areas among human subjects and in animal studies. Its' limitation include high cost and administration of multiple numbers of tablets. Albendazole (ALB) is used in the treatment of intestinal helminths infection. It is a broad-spectrum single-dose antihelminthic with an excellent cure rate and safety criteria. Currently, it is not routinely used for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis. Methods: Urine samples collected from 596 pupils aged between 2 and 16 years were processed and examined for the presence of ova of Schistosoma haematobium using a standard filtration technique. A total of 100 infected subjects were treated with a standard dose of PZQ (40 mg/kg body weight), while another group of 96 infected subjects were treated with ALB (400 mg for individuals above 3 years). A post-treatment study was conducted 1 month after treatment to assess their cure rate. Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium infection in the study area was 32.8% (196/596). More males were infected (44.2%) (122/276) than females (23.1%) (74/320). The difference in the prevalence rate of infection by gender was statistically significant (X 2 =15.7>3.841, p<0.05). The highest prevalence of infection was observed among subjects aged 14-16 years (42.1%) (32/76), while those aged 5-7 years had the least prevalence (23.7%) (38/160). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis by age of the subjects (X 2 =5.99<9.5, p>0.05). PZQ gave a higher cure rate of 78.0% (78/100) compared with ALB (68.7%) (66/96). There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate obtained with both drugs (X 2 =0.355>0.282, p>0.05). The intensity of egg excretion was greatly reduced in subjects who were not cured by the two drugs. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the use of ALB for the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis. We recommend further assessment of the efficacy of the drug in an area with higher morbidity of urinary schisto-somiasis than the present study area.