Awareness about Anaemia among Young Girls in Rural Areas of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh (original) (raw)
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Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India
Public Health Nutrition, 2022
Objective: High burden of anaemia exists amongst rural adolescent girls in India. The objective of this study was to characterise anaemia in school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India. Design: Linear and multiple logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial was conducted. Participants were classified into anaemic (haemoglobin <12 g/dl) and non-anaemic group and were further classified into deficiencies of Fe, folate or vitamin B 12 , mixed, anaemia of other causes and inflammation. Setting: Three schools in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad District, Haryana, India. Participants: One hundered and ninety-eight non-anaemic and 202 anaemic adolescent girls (12-19 years). Results: Anaemic girls had 29•6 % Fe deficiency, 28•1 % folate or vitamin B 12 deficiency, 15•8 % mixed deficiency and 9•7 % acute inflammation. Anaemia of other causes was found in 16•8 % of the anaemic participants. Girls with Fe and isolated folate deficiency had 2•5 times and four times higher odds of developing anaemia, respectively, as compared with non-anaemic girls. Fe deficiency with no anaemia was found amongst 11 % non-anaemic girls. Non-anaemic girls had a high prevalence of combined deficiency of folate or vitamin B 12 (29•5 %) and acute inflammation (14•4 %). Conclusions: The current strategy of Fe and folic acid supplementation alone will not suffice for achieving the desired reduction in the prevalence of anaemia as unknown causes and anaemia of inflammation contribute to a substantial proportion of anaemia. Integrating other nutrition-specific components like improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices with the ongoing micronutrient supplementation program will comprehensively tackle anaemia. Unknown causes of anaemia warrant further research. Keywords Anaemia Haemoglobin Iron Folate Adolescent Anaemia in adolescent girls is a major public health problem in India with 40 % being afflicted (1). Adolescent girls are vulnerable to anaemia due to regular loss of Fe through menstrual blood in addition to the overall accelerated increase in requirements for Fe due to rapid pubertal growth. Functional consequences of anaemia on growth and development occur even at mild levels or prior to onset of clinical stage of anaemia, making it the third leading cause of disability in the world (2). Some recent evidence challenges the earlier notion that Fe deficiency is the predominant contributor to anaemia globally (3,4). Estimates suggest that less than half the cases of anaemia are due to Fe deficiency, and the other causes are unknown (3-5). Anaemia due to inflammation has been
Anaemia a Health Burden among Rural Adolescent Girls in District Karnal: Prevalence and Coorelates
2015
Adolescence, a critical segment of society considered to be a most nutritionally vulnerable group. In developing countries adolescence anaemia is reported as greatest nutritional problem. Adolescence anaemia have significant impact on health outcomes at a later stage of life. Nutritional anaemia in adolescent girls have an adverse effect on learning ability, productivity, well-being and resistance to diseases. Anaemia during adolescence is associated with foetal wastage, prenatal mortality, increased incidence of low birth weight babies, increased maternal mortality and subsequent high infertility rates. Hence, an effort has been made in the present study to highlight the problem of anaemia in adolescents and to study the dietary and other factors in its aetiology. Two hundred fifty rural school going adolescent girls (13-15 yrs.) of low socio economic background were randomly selected from rural areas of district Karnal, Haryana, India. Very high anaemia pervasiveness (88%) with various grades was observed in the present research. Most of the girls (53.18%) were vegetarian and one half of the respondents were consuming two meals per day. Only one third of the subjects were in the habit of taking packed lunch in routine and maximum respondents (73.63%) were in the habit of keeping fast. Skipping of meals was common among three fourth of the subjects. Most of the subjects complained of anorexia, headache and breathlessness on exertion, lethargic feeling, pale conjunctiva, pale skin and flat nails. The present study also revealed dietary inadequacies particularly in respect of protein, energy, calcium and all micro nutrients (iron, beta-carotene, folic acid) except vitamin C. A positive significant (p≤0.05) correlation was observed between haemoglobin and various daily dietary intake of blood forming nutrients. The present study implicit the prominence of including adolescent girls in the risk group as controlling anaemia among adolescent girls (vulnerable group) could significantly reduce infant and maternal morbidity thus improving family, community and national socioeconomic development.
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Anaemia is a global public health problem which affects both the developing and the developed countries and it is an indicator of poor nutrition and poor health with major consequences for human health, as well as for the social and economic development of a population. 1 Globally, anaemia affects 1.62 billion people, which corresponds to 24.8% of the population. 2 Anaemia is one of the most common health problems in India which is much more prevalent in the rural than in the urban areas. 3,4 Anemia is a nutrition problem worldwide and its prevalence is higher in developing countries when compared to the developed countries. 5,6 Young children and pregnant women are the most affected, with an estimated global prevalence of 43% and 5l% respectively. 7 Anemia prevalence among children of school-going age is ABSTRACT Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem which affects both the developing and the developed countries and it is an indicator of poor nutrition and poor health with major consequences for human health, as well as for the social and economic development of a population. Anemia is a common problem throughout the world and iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency in the world. It affects mainly the poorest segment of the population. The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of Anemia among school going children of rural area of schools of Faridkot district, India. Methods: This study was conducted at the schools of rural area (Jand sahib) of Faridkot District, India. A crosssectional household survey was conducted in rural Schools from January 2010 to December 2010 on 463 children, aged 5-16 years, selected through systematic random sampling method. Study subjects were school children (<16 years). The students and school authority were assured for their confidentiality of their response. Results: The analysis of the obtained data was based on the objective of the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis and data interpretation. Results of the study revealed that 57.2% of the samples are males and 42.8% of the samples are female. 56.8% of the samples are in the age group of less than 5 to 11 years, 31.7% of samples were in the group of 12-14 years and 11.4% of samples are more than 14 years of age. After analysis and interpretation of data, it was found that out of boys 91.69% males were anaemic and out of females 94.89% females were anaemic. Overall incidence of anaemia amongst girls and boys was found to be 85.74%. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in the developing countries tends to be three to four times higher than in the developed countries. Hence, improvement in dietary habits related to consumption of green leafy vegetables should be included in diet plan. Health education, seminars on menstrual hygiene should be conducted at regular interval.
Background: Anaemia is the major serious preventable public health problem in Indian rural adolescent females. WHO report of 2002 states anaemia as the most common factor in infant mortality, maternal mortality and pre-term births. Simple health intervention programmes such as vitamin A and Iron supplementation with deworming can decrease the occurrence of anaemia. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent females, to assess the severity of anaemia and to correlate the association of factors like diet, anthropometry, socioeconomic status and menstrual flow with anemia. Methodology: The cross sectional study included 100 high school-going adolescent females whose Hemoglobin was estimated by three part automated hematology analyzer KX 21. Detailed history was elicited regarding socioeconomic status and menstrual flow. Anthropometric measurements were noted. Results: The prevalence of anaemia among adolescent females in our study in a rural area was found to be 40%. Amongst them, 55% had mild anaemia, 35% moderate anaemia and 10% severe Anaemia. Conclusion: Prevalence of mild to moderate anaemia is higher than severe anaemia in adolescent females. This may be attributed to the impact of school based intervention programs which exist since 2009, vitamin A supplementation, iron supplementation, deworming and dietary education. Keywords: Nutritional, Anemia, Iron deficiency, Adolescence
Prevalence of anemia in adolescence girls of Arunachal Pradesh, India
2020
Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that particularly affects young children and women. India continues to be affected by this serious health problem (Pal et al. 2014). As per the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-2016) anaemia is widespread in India--58.6% of children, 53.2% of non-pregnant women and 50.4% of pregnant women were found to be anaemic. According to the survey, about 40% of women are mildly anaemic, 12% are moderately anaemic, and 1% are severely anaemic. Hence, Sharma et al. (2018) noted “When over half of the women in the country suffer due to anaemia, the idea of ‘Health for All’ seems to be an illusion”.
ijetrm journal , 2022
Anaemia is the world's second leading cause of disability and thus one of the most important global public health problems. Iron deficiency is a major cause of anaemia. It is a common nutritional problem among children and adolescent in India. In India, more than 51% of adolescent and women of reproductive age have iron deficiency anaemia. At all levels, the negative effects of anaemia during adolescence justify public health action unfortunately, because initiatives to prevent anaemia commonly target infants, young children and pregnant and lactating women, and not necessarily adolescents. The needs of adolescents may remain unmet & the consequences of anaemia in adolescents continue as a major health problem in all developing countries including India Keywords Anaemia, Adolescent Girls, Knowledge Objectives 1. To assess the level of knowledge among adolescent girls (age 15-18 years) 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge with selected demographic variables such as age, education of mother, social economic status, type of family and area of residence. Methodology The study conducted among adolescent girls aged 15-18 years in higher secondary sections of St.Goretti's Higher Secondary School for Girls, Carmel Girl's Higher Secondary School Thiruvananthapuram A Non experimental descriptive survey design was chosen for the study and total of 60 samples were selected by convenient sampling technique. The tool used for data collection were of two sections; demographic variables and self-administered questionnaire on knowledge of iron deficiency anaemia. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the Study The findings reveal that 80% have average knowledge, 17% have poor knowledge and 3% have good knowledge. the mean value of study was 17.2 and standard deviation was 3.31. There was a significant association between demographic variable: Area of residence (p<0.05) with level of knowledge of adolescent girls on iron deficiency anaemia. There is no significant association between age, education of mother, socio economic status and type of family (p>0.05) with the level of knowledge of adolescent girls on iron deficiency anaemia.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls in a Rural Area of Tamil Nadu, India
Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow, 2019
Background: Anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem across the globe. The prevalence of anemia is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and indigent access to the healthcare services. Adolescent period is signalized by marked physical activity and rapid growth spurt; therefore they need additional nutritional supplements and are at utmost risk of developing nutritional anemia. This study was carried out to find out the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 255 adolescent girls. After getting informed consent from the subjects, the information regarding age, sociodemographic status, menstrual history, and short clinical details were recorded. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using automated hematology analyser. Results and Discussion: Overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.63% (n = 124). The majority of the anemic girls (55.64%, n = 69) were having mild degree of anemia. Among 255 girls, 188 (73.73%) were from the early adolescent age group (10-14 years). Prevalence of anemia (52.24%) was high among the late adolescents and those belonging to low socioeconomic class. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and socioeconomic status, dietary modification, nutritional supplementation, and helminth control; in addition, compliance with consumption of iron and folic acid tablets will prevent anemia to a great extent among adolescent girls.
PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY IN DELHI, INDIA
Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 2023
Anaemia is a major public health issue in India. As per the National Health Family Survey (NFHS), the prevalence of anaemia has increased (55.8% to 59.1%) from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. Anaemia among adolescent girls is higher (56% to 59%) than among boys (30% to 31%). According to NFHS 5, infant and child mortality rates have improved since the previous round; therefore, attention is required for adolescents because they are future mothers. It is relevant to bring out the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls to prevent maternal and child health in the future. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 adolescent girls in Munirika urban village, Delhi. 60.4% of anaemia cases were found among 250 study participants. The study revealed that anaemia was highly prevalent among adolescent girls. Anaemia was associated with less literate, lower starta, poor diet and underweight factors. Anaemia was found to be significantly more common in adolescent girls, and this incidence was higher in lower socioeconomic strata, parents who were less educated, poor diet habits, and underweight causes. To have an early impact on reducing adolescents' anaemia, school teachers and Frontline Health Workers (FHWs) should educate and counsel them during home visits. There is a need for IFA supplementation and regular diet pattern awareness among adolescent girls. Interpersonal counseling needs to be strengthened at the community level through home visits and initiating awareness programs. The nutritional status of adolescent girls can be improved through counseling and health education. T3 camps should be held at the school level to raise awareness of anaemia among adolescent girls.
Prevalence of anaemia among urban and rural adolescents
Background: Anaemia is one of the most universally prevalent diseases in the world today. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency. A WHO study shows that in developing countries 52% of pregnant women and about 35% to 40% of non-pregnant women suffer from iron deficiency anaemia. Compared to the vast amount of work done on pregnant women and young children, there are relatively few studies on the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls. The exact figures for worldwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls are not known, but are estimated to be quite high. A decrease in the prevalence of anaemia during pregnancy could be achieved through improvement in the status of adolescent girls. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent girls studying in urban and rural schools of Pune city. Material and Methods: Non-probability convenient sampling method was used to select the samples from urban (150) and rural scho...