Development and Characterization of Multilayered Cu/HA/ZnS + PEEK Coating System by Hybrid Technology (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022
In this work, sulfonated polyetheretherketone (S-PEEK)-based coatings, nanocrystalline ZnS and hydroxyapatite (n-HA) particles were developed on Zr-2.5Nb zirconium alloy substrates by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) combined with subsequent heat treatment. The properties of suspensions and deposition kinetics were studied. Cationic chitosan polyelectrolyte ensured the stabilization of the suspension and allowed for the co-deposition of all coating components on the cathode. The heating of the coated samples at a temperature of 450 °C and slow cooling resulted in sulfonation of the PEEK and the formation of dense coatings. The coatings were characterized by high roughness, hardness, modulus of elasticity and adhesion strength. The coatings revealed mild hydrophilicity, improved the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloy and induced the formation of hydroxyapatite with a cauliflower-like morphology on its surface during the Kokubo test. This work explored the great develop...
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 2020
Implant-related infections are a major concern in total joint prostheses, occurring up to 3% in operations. In this work, 5% Zn 2+ was added in HA to offset bacterial activity and 5% Sr 2+ was also incorporated as a binary dopant to reduce the cytotoxic effect of Zn 2+. The nano-sized HA powder was synthesized by hydrothermal method and then heat-treated at 600 ⁰C for 4 hours. The heat-treated powder was plasma sprayed on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate. The addition of dopant did not significantly influence the physical and mechanical properties of the coating. However, the cytocompatibility, antimicrobial, and contact angle properties statistically enhanced. Moreover, the (Sr, Zn)-HA coating was post-heat treated at 500 and 600 ⁰C for 3 hours. X-ray diffraction confirmed that after heat treatment phase purity and crystallinity increased, and residual stress decreased. Mechanical stability was evaluated by adhesive bond strength, and the results showed that after heat-treatment bonding strength increased from 26.81 ± 2.93 to 29.84 ± 3.62 and 34.66 ± 2.57 MPa, at 500 ⁰C and 600 ⁰C respectively. Similar to the mechanical property, antibacterial activities and biological functions are also significantly improved. More interestingly, it was also observed that the Zn 2+ ions released from the coating depend on Ca 2+ , P, and Sr 2+ ions while Ca 2+ , P, and Sr 2+ ions relied on heat treatment temperatures. However, (Sr, Zn)-HA coating at 600 ⁰C demonstrate cytotoxic effects on MC3T3-E1 cells, characterized by poor cellular morphology on the coating surface and ultimately, cell death. The doping of Sr 2+ with Zn 2+ , therefore, can offset the cytotoxic effects and enhanced biological performance. All the outcomes of this study signify that, (Sr, Zn)-HA
High performance nano hydroxyapatite coating on zinc for biomedical applications
Journal of Materials Science, 2023
Zinc and its alloys have been given promising consideration as a new biodegradable implant for use in the human body. Compact and uniform nano hydroxyapatite coatings containing chitosan were successfully deposited onto zinc substrate in an aqueous solution utilizing microwave-assisted process in about 10 min. The quick composite coatings are derived by microwave heating compared with the coatings derived by electrodeposition. The as-deposited coatings formed by electrodeposition synthesis were known as brushite, which was converted to hydroxyapatite after 1 h of immersion (post treated) in 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at 100°C. The incorporation of chitosan (from 0.01-0.05 g/l) into the coating composition results in a smooth and uniform coating structure. SEM, EDS, and an X-ray diffractometer were utilized to analyze coated samples' surfaces to evaluate their surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structures. The in vitro degradation behavior of the composite-coated samples in simulated body fluid at pH 7.4 and 37°C was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The outcomes showed that microwave-derived coatings provided superior corrosion resistance for zinc implants as compared to electrodeposited coatings. Furthermore, the use of chitosan in hydroxyapatite coatings increased electrochemical corrosion performance. Low chitosan concentrations (0.01-0.03 g/l) exhibit superior anti-corrosion properties than higher concentrations (0.05 g/l). Against Staphylococcus aureus, the coatings demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy. These corrosion outcomes and the fruitful deposition of a hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite coating on zinc substrate indicate that the coating is efficient for the creation of new composite coatings for either functional implants or regenerative medicine. The resultant coating may be an excellent option for bone implants.
Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2002
This study aims to strengthen the bonding at HA coating/Ti-6Al-4V interface by adding an intermediate ZrO(2) bond coat between them. The bonding strength of the HA/ZrO(2) coating was evaluated with the separately prepared HA coating as control. The phase, microstructure and chemistry, and surface roughness of the plasma-sprayed two-layer HA/ZrO(2) coating on Ti-6A1-4V substrate were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and surfcorder, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the bonding strength increases from 28.6+/-3.22 MPa for HA coating to 36.2+/-3.02 MPa for HA/ZrO(2) composite coating. Elemental analysis employed on the surface of ZrO(2) bond coat, on which the HA top coat was first dissolved completely in HCl acid, reveals the sign of diffusion of calcium ions from HA to ZrO(2) bond coat. In addition, rougher surface morphology provided by ZrO(2) bond coat is also considered to aid in the bonding at HA/ZrO(2) interface. Similar coating s...
Surfaces, 2020
Stainless steel is renowned for its wide use as a biomaterial, but its relatively high corrosion rate in physiological environments restricts many of its clinical applications. To overcome the corrosion resistance of stainless steel bio-implants in physiological environments and to improve its osseointegration behavior, we have developed a unique zein/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coating on a stainless steel substrate by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD). The EPD parameters were optimized using the Taguchi Design of experiments (DoE) approach. The EPD parameters, such as the concentration of bio-ceramic particles in the polymer solution, applied voltage and deposition time were optimized on stainless steel substrates by applying a mixed design orthogonal Taguchi array. The coatings were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wettability studies. SEM images and EDX results indicated that the zein/HA coating was succes...
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nanohydroxyapatite - nanosilver coatings on Ti13Zr13Nb alloy
Ceramics International, 2017
Titanium and its alloys are the biomaterials most frequently used in medical engineering, especially as parts of orthopedic and dental implants. The surfaces of titanium and its alloys are usually modified to improve their biocompatibility and bioactivity, for example, in connection with the deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings. The objective of the present research was to elaborate the technology of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) coatings decorated with silver nanoparticles (nanoAg) and to investigate the mechanical and chemical properties of these coatings as determined by EPD voltage and the presence of nanoAg. The deposition of nanoHAp was carried out at two voltage values, 15 and 30 V. The decoration of nanoHAp coatings with nanoAg was carried out using the EPD process at a voltage value of 60 V and a deposition time of 5 min. The thickness of the undecorated coatings was found to be 2.16 and 5.14 µm for applied EPD voltages of 15-and 30-V, respectively. The release rate of silver nanoparticles into an artificial saliva solution increased with exposure time and EPD voltage. The corrosion current, between 1 and 10 nA/cm 2 , was significantly higher for undecorated nanoHAp coatings and close to that of the substrate for decorated nanoHAp coatings. The hardness of the undecorated nanoHAp coatings obtained at 15 and 30 V of EPD voltage attained 0.2245 ± 0.036 and 0.0661 ± 0.008 GPa, respectively. Resistance to nanoscratching was higher for thicker coatings. The wettability angle was lower for coatings decorated with nanoAg.
Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 2017
Increased use of reconstruction procedures in orthopedics has improved the life of patients undergoing surgery. However, surgical site infection remains a major challenge. Efforts were made to fabricate antibacterial surfaces with good biocompatibility. This present study aimed to fabricate zinc-incorporated chitosan/gelatin (CS/G) nanocomposite coatings on the titanium substrates via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Physicochemical characterization confirmed that zinc was successfully deposited in a metallic oxide/salt complex status. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) results observed formation of core-shell nanosized particles released from the coatings. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the particles presented faces of ZnO with organic background. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile and shear bond strength between substrates and zinc-incorporated coating surfaces. Zinc-incorporated CS/G coatings presented antibacterial abilities against both Gra...
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017
Hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2) based coatings are used in biomaterial applications and biomedical industrial applications due to its bioactive and biocompatible properties. In this study, commercially pure zirconium was coated in the solution consisting of calcium acetate (CA, (CH 3 COO) 2 Ca)) and β-calcium glycerophosphate (β-Ca-GP, (β-C 3 H 5 (OH 2)PO 4 Ca)) by micro arc oxidation (MAO) in a single-step process for 1, 10 and 30 min duration times to produce HA-based coatings. The phase structures, surface morphologies, functional groups of molecules, chemical composition of surface and the binding energies of atoms on the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Zirconium (Zr), monoclinic and cubic zirconium oxide (ZrO 2), cubic calcium zirconium oxide (Ca 0.15 Zr 0.85 O 1.85), orthorhombic calcium zirconium oxide (CaZrO 3) and HA phases on the coatings were detected by XRD analysis. The strongest intensity of crystal HA was also observed in XRD for the coating produced at 30 min. The surface morphologies of coatings produced by MAO method at 1 min have very porous structures because of the existence of micro discharge channels during the process. The surface coatings morphologically have HA microstructure owing to the crystallization of HA particles at 10 min and the existence of growing HA particles in MAO process at 30 min. The HA phase is confirmed by v 3 (PO 4-3) and v s (OH-) FTIR band assignments in ATR-FTIR and by the binding energies of Ca2p, P2p and O1s in XPS for coating produced at 30 min.
Frontiers in Materials, 2018
Nanocrystalline Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings were deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on the surface of ultrafine-grained titanium substrates. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy provided information about the morphology and texture of the thin film while in-column energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the presence of Zn in the coating. The Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite coating was formed by an equiaxed polycrystalline grain structure. Effect of substrate crystallinity on the structure of deposited coating is discussed. An amorphous TiO2 sublayer of 8-nm thickness was detected in the interface between the polycrystalline coating and the Ti substrate. Its appearance in the amorphous state is attributed to prior to deposition etching of the substrate and subsequent condensation of oxygen-containing species sputtered from the target. This layer contributes to the high coating-to-substrate adhesion. The major P-O vibrational modes of high intensity were detected by Raman spectroscopy. The Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite could be a material of choice when antibacterial osteoconductive coating with a possibility of withstanding mechanical stress during implantation and service is needed.
Preparation and physicochemical characterization of hydroxyapatite coatings on zinc surfaces
2010
This work presents a study on an alternative coating method based on electrochemical techniques which are designed to form a crystalline hydroxyapatite layer very similar to the process corresponding to the formation of natural bone. In this study, a sample electrochemical method of coating the solid surfaces of zinc, with a film of apatite, was developed. The hydroxyapatite deposit was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and chemical analysis. The data suggest that the method utilized in this work can be successfully applied to obtain deposition of uniform coatings of crystalline hydroxyapatite on zinc substrates. As a result, both the lattice parameters a and c of the apatite layer decreased with increasing Zn fraction.