First report of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli and Xanthomonas citri pv. fuscans causing common bacterial blight of bean in Belgium (original) (raw)
Related papers
Phytopathology, 2004
Mkandawire, A. B. C., Mabagala, R. B., Guzmán, P., Gepts, P., and Gilbertson, R. L. 2004. Genetic diversity and pathogenic variation of common blight bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans) suggests pathogen coevolution with the common bean. Phytopathology 94:593-603.
Phytopathology, 2011
Common bacterial blight (CBB) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, and is the most important bacterial disease of this crop in many regions of the world. In 2005 and 2006, dark red kidney bean fields in a major bean-growing region in central Wisconsin were surveyed for CBB incidence and representative symptomatic leaves collected. Xanthomonad-like bacteria were isolated from these leaves and characterized based upon phenotypic (colony) characteristics, pathogenicity on common bean, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with X. campestris pv. phaseoli- and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans-specific primers, and repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) and 16S-28S ribosomal RNA spacer region sequence analyses. Of 348 isolates that were characterized, 293 were identified as common blight bacteria (i.e., pathogenic on common bean and positive in PCR tests with the X. campestris pv. phaseoli- and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans-specif...
Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight amongPhaseolus Species and Common Bean Improvement
Crop Science, 1999
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is highly susceptible to common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoH (Smith) Dye. High levels of cultivar resistance would minimize yield losses, reduce bactericide use and production costs, and facilitate integrated disease-and-crop management and the production and distribution of pathogen-free seed. We aimed to (i) assess the levels of CBB resistance of different Phaseolus species in the tropics, (ii) determine the CBB reaction of resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines, and (iii) report on CBB resistance of lines developed from P. vulgaris × P. acutifoHus (tepary bean) hybridization and gene pyramiding at CIAT. Between 1994 and 1998, we evaluated, in the field, 162 accessions of tepary, scarlet runner (P. coccineus), lima (P. lunatus), and common beans, 119 CBB-resistant cultivars and advanced breeding lines of common bean, and six lines recently developed by interspecific hybridization and gene pyramiding. For inoculation, we used aspersion, surgical blades, and/or multiple needles. The highest levels (scores of 1.2-2.0) of CBB resistance were found in P. acutifoHus accessions, G40029 and G40156, followed by P. lunatus (scores of 4.2-6.2), P. coccineus (scores of 4.8-5.5), and P. vulgaris (scores of 4.5-6.4). Resistance available in P. coccineus and P. vulgaris landraces has already been transferred to common bean. But resistance transferred from P. acutifolius was much lower (scores of 3.8-4.5) than those available. Gene pyramiding produced lines with high CBB resistance (scores of 1.5-2.4), and is thus, a suitable method for developing CBB-resistant cultivars of different market dasses. C OMMON BEAN is a legume crop of worldwide significance (Singh, 1992). In the tropics and subtropics, it is frequently and severely attacked by CBB, a systemic (Burkholder, 1921), seed-transmitted (Aggour et al., 1989b) disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye (Xcp) (Saettler, 1989; Schuster and Coyne, 1981). CBB is widespread in Latin America, particularly in northwestern Argentina, south central Brazil, Venezuela, Central America and Cuba, and coastal Mexico. These regions typically grow small-seeded, susceptible cultivars of the common bean race Mesoamerica (Singh et al., 1991). The pathogen attacks all aerial plant parts, including leaf petioles, pods, and seeds, but the characteristic symptoms of chlorotic borders around the necrotic lesions are more severe and conspicuous on leaves of susceptible cultivars. Similarly, the movement of bacterial populations through vascular tissue may depend on the level of CBB resistance (Goodwin et al., 1995). Susceptible cultivars accumulate larger bacterial populations, these moving faster through vascular tissues,
Common bacterial blight (CBB) is the most devastating factor that affects common bean crops in all common bean growing areas. This review was to review with an objective of reviewing the biology, economic importance of CBB of common bean crop disease and its management options, with an emphasis on the future research direction and priorities. CBB disease, caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) and its fuscans variant Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans (Xff) is the major bottleneck in bean production in the world as well as in Ethiopia. It is a serious bacterial disease of common bean which causes lesions on the leaves, stems, pods and seeds of the plant. The disease affects seed quality and can reduce yield by up to 45%, may be more in susceptible cultivars. CBB is very difficult to control due to seed-borne nature of the bacteria and its capacity to produce huge amounts of secondary inoculum. Since the disease is very important in c...
Transmission of the Common Blight Pathogen in Bean Seed
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Common blight in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), incited by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye, is a serious seedborne disease in various parts of the world. We tried to detect possible differences in seed infection and transmission of bacteria in selected bean cultivars/lines. Dry seeds, flower buds (24 to 36 hr before anthesis), small pods (2 to 3 days old), and green seeds of individual plants of Bac-6, ‘Venezuela 44% ‘Pompadour Checà’ dry beans, and of dry seed of Great Northern (GN) ‘Tara’ were examined for possible internal infection after inoculating the seeds, seedlings, and plants with common blight bacterium at various sites. Inoculation of the pedicels of the flower buds and small pods resulted in transmission of the bacteria through the vascular tissue of the pod to the seeds, causing internal infection without any external symptoms shown either by the pods or seeds. Bac-6 was resistant to seed infection, and ‘Venezuela 44’ was most susceptible, followed by ‘...
Folia Microbiologica, 2010
Common bean seed lots collected from different seed dealers and Malawii agriculture station were screened for the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. In the laboratory the pathogen was isolated following the routine laboratory assay method, i.e. direct plating method using yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar medium (YDC). Yellow, convex, mucoid colonies of Xanthomonas were consistently isolated on YDC from seed samples. The presumptive pathogen was confirmed by isolation on semiselective medium, such as mTBM and MD5A. Further, the pathogen was confirmed by biochemical, physiological and, finally, the pathogenicity tests. Five samples out of seven were positive for Xanthomonas. The isolates were found to cause common blight of 3-week-old common bean plants by 7 d after inoculation. Bacteria with the same characteristics as those inoculated were re-isolated from the infected plants. Common beans (Phaseolus spp. L.) are one of the most ancient crops of the world. Beans are the most important grain legumes for direct human consumption in the world. Total production exceeds 23 Tg
Phytopathology, 2006
Common bacterial blight (CBB) disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli and the brown-pigmented variant X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans. CBB first was described in Castilla y León County, Spain, in 1940, and is now a major constraint on common bean production. In this secondary center of diversity of the common bean, large-seeded Andean cultivars predominate, although medium-seeded Middle American cultivars also are grown. Xanthomonad-like bacteria associated with CBB in Castilla y León were characterized on the basis of carbohydrate metabolism, brown pigment production, genetic analyses (repetitive-element polymerase chain reaction [rep-PCR] and random amplified polymorphic DNA [RAPD]) and pathogenicity on cultivars representing the two common bean gene pools (Andean and Middle American). X. campestris pv. phaseoli was more prevalent (80%) than X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (20%). Patterns of carbohydrate meta...
Plant Disease, 2008
Both the common bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen (Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli) and X. fuscans subsp. fuscans, agent of fuscous blight, cause indistinguishable symptoms in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. Yield losses can exceed 40%. Lack of information about the specificity between X. campestris pv. phaseoli strains and major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or alleles conferring resistance makes the task of identifying genetic changes in host–pathogen interactions and the grouping of bacterial strains difficult. This, in turn, affects the choice of pathogen isolates used for germplasm screening and complicates breeding for CBB resistance. Common bean host genotypes carrying various sources and levels of resistance to CBB were screened with 69 X. campestris pv. phaseoli and 15 X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains from around the world. Differential pathogenicity of the CBB pathogen was identified on the 12 selected bean genotypes. The X. fuscans subsp. fuscans strains showed greate...