Rapidly growing cutaneous tumour of the hand: Orf (original) (raw)
Epidemiology and Infection, 2005
Orf of the hand is an uncommon zoonotic infection caused by a dermotropic DNA virus that belongs to the Parapoxvirus genus of the family Poxviridae. It is transmitted to humans through contact with infected sheep and goats and is reported as an occupational disease. We report nine cases of human orf seen in the hands of individuals, who were not occupationally exposed, after the feast of sacrifice in Turkey. Three cases were teachers and six out of the nine were housewives. We observed musculoskeletal complications and misdiagnoses. It is important to consider human orf in the differential diagnosis of hand lesions to prevent overtreatment and complications.
ORF FROM THE DERMATOLOGIST PERSPECTIVE: A SERIES OF 11 CASES AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE p.374-380
Orf is a parapoxvirus infection. It is widespread in sheep and goats, especially affecting lambs and kids. In humans, it occurs rarely and is often underdiagnosed due to the self-limiting evolution. Transmission is achieved through direct contact with sick animals or indirectly through contaminated objects and food. The clinical picture of human orf is dominated by the presence of single inflammatory nodule, exudation, appeared at the site of inoculation and evolving into 6 stages: maculopapular (erythematous papule from debut) in the target (the nodule with centrally bulla, concentric aspect), exudative (acute exudative nodule), regenerative (surface crust), papillomatous (papillomatous-looking surface), regression (removing the crust and healing), self-limiting evolving in 6-8 weeks. The diagnosis of orf is eminently clinical and based on correct history. If possibe, we must perform an electron microscopy of biopsy material.Treatment is symptomatic and prevents complications. Orf is not an disabling disease. The amputation of the finger is very rarely necessary. The orf is a disease that strengthens the belief of doctors that cooperation between the veterinary doctor and dermatologist is highly beneficial to all our patients.
Orf: Report of eleven cases in five Iranian families
Background: Parapox virus is the causative agent of Orf disease which is basically seen in sheep and goats. It can be transferred to the human by direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact to infected meat or contaminated butchery instruments like knife. The skin lesions are usually found in fingers. Patients: Totally, 11 subjects from five families infected with Orf disease were surveyed. The diagnosis was verified on clinical manifestations and pathological changes. Local antiseptic (betadin) and tetracycline ointment were administered for all patients, however, 3 cases were treated with oral antibiotic. No disseminated signs or complications have been reported and patients cured in the third (6 cases) or forth week (5 cases). Little scars were noted in 3 cases after one month follow up. Conclusion: If there is a similar lesion in the members of a family, one should notice the background of epidemiological and clinical manifestations. Despite the rarity of Orf disease, its spread still exists in urban families, therefore, it is essential to wear gloves at the time of touching meat to prevent infection.
Orf Infection with Multiple Lesions in the Burn Area
Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology
Orf, a viral zoonotic disease, is caused by the orf virus, an epitheliotropic DNA virus from the parapoxvirus group. 1 It is caused by direct or indirect contact of decontaminated skin with infected animals. The incubation period is 3-15 days, and it usually progresses with one or more nodular lesions that appear on the dorsal surface of the fingers. The disease usually heals spontaneously after a course of 4-8 weeks. 2-5 Here, we present two pediatric patients with orf, unlike the classical localization, occurred in the burn area and progressed with multiple lesions. CASE REPORTS CASE 1 A two-year-old male patient had a second degree burn due to hot water on the right side of his scalp, face and neck 10 days ago. In his dermatological examination, numerous red papules, plaques and vegetative masses were found on an erythematous and intensely edematous surface in the area extending from the right frontal region of the scalp to the occipital region (Figure 1A). Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and skin punch biopsy were taken from the lesions of the patient whose family was engaged in ovine breeding. Since eczema herpeticum was in the differential diagnosis and some of the lesions had a secondary infected appearance, acyclovir and ampcillin sulbactam treatments were started. As the HSV and VZV PCR results were negative, acyclovir treatment was discontinued, but ampicillin sulbactam treatment was continued for one week. Histopathological examination of the case re
A Review on Human Orf: A Neglected Viral Zoonosis
Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine, 2021
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiologic agent of Orf or ecthyma contagiosum in humans but primarily affects different domestic and wild animals. The disease mostly affects sheep, goats and other small wild ruminants and spreads to humans through direct contact with infected animals or by way of contaminated fomites worldwide. ORFV is taxonomically classified as a member of the genus Parapoxvirus. It is known to have tolerance to inactivation in a drier environment, and it has been recovered from crusts after several months to years. Among immunocompetent people, the lesions usually resolve by its natural course within a maximum of 8 weeks. In immunosuppressed patients, however, it needs the use of various approaches including antiviral, immune modifier or minor surgical excisions. The virus through its association with divergent host ranges helps to develop a mechanism to evade the immune system. The relative emergence of Orf, diagnosed on clinical ground among human cases, in unusual fre...
Orf Virus Infection in Human (EchtymaContagiosum): A Report of Eight Cases in the North of Iran
2015
Orf or Ecthyma contagiosum is a zoonotic disease that is the result of a dermatophitic parapox virus infecting goats and sheep. The virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or fomites. Here in this paper, we reported eight patients infected with orf viruses and also tried to provide a relatively complete data of this disorder by reviewing of the literatures. Worthknowing about the disease may occur at any location, so all clinicians and researchers need to have this disease in mind as a differential diagnosis in patients who has a history of working with animals.
Erythema multiforme after orf virus infection: a report of two cases and literature review
Epidemiology and infection, 2015
Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review of the literature, highlighting important clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of this condition. Orf and its associated complications can occur in rural areas, as well as urban settings, where it is less well-known, through religious or cultural practices involving animal slaughter. Obtaining a history of animal exposures from patients with lesions suspicious for orf and secondary skin eruptions can guide diagnosis and identification of the inciting immune stimulus. Determining the pathophysiology and relative contribution of host and viral factors contributing to EM and other orf-associated hypersensitivity reactions could facilitate the identification ...
Microbial pathogenesis, 2018
Orf disease is known to be enzootic among small ruminants in Asia, Africa, and some other parts of the world. The disease caused by orf virus is highly contagious among small ruminant species. Unfortunately, it has been neglected for decades because of the general belief that it only causes a self-limiting disease. On the other hand, in the past it has been reported to cause huge cumulative financial losses in livestock farming. Orf disease is characterized by localized proliferative and persistent skin nodule lesions that can be classified into three forms: generalized, labial and mammary or genitals. It can manifest as benign or malignant types. The later type of orf can remain persistent, often fatal and usually causes a serious outbreak among small ruminant population. Morbidity and mortality rates of orf are higher especially in newly infected kids and lambs. Application of antibiotics together with antipyretic and/or analgesic is highly recommended as a supportive disease mana...