Depression among Youth Living with HIV/AIDS (original) (raw)
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The prevalence of depression among adolescent with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AIDS Research and Therapy, 2021
Background Depression is particularly common among adolescents with HIV/AIDS and has been associated with disruption of the important developmental process, subsequently leading to a wide range of negative mental, physical and psychosocial consequences, as well as poor quality of life in those population groups. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no prior systematic reviews and meta-analytic studies that determined the prevalence of depression among adolescents with HIV/AIDS. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for relevant literature until May 2020. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool prevalence rates from individual studies. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneities and to compare the prevalence estimates across the groups. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s quality assessment checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Cochran’s Q and the I 2 tests wer...
Screening for depression among youth with HIV in an integrated care setting
AIDS care, 2017
Youth living with HIV (YLWH) are at risk for depression. Depressive symptoms can impact treatment engagement, health outcomes, and quality of life. Early identification of symptoms can guide treatment planning. This study aimed to identify trends in depressive symptoms for YLWH in a specialty-care clinic and follow-up clinical treatment procedures. An archival review of a clinical database provided depression screening information for a sample of 130 YLWH between 11 and 25 years old in the southeastern United States. Findings indicated that approximately 24% of the sample screened positive for depression-risk. Most commonly endorsed symptoms included fatigue (54.3%) and sleep difficulties (48.5%). Depressive symptoms did not differ significantly by age, gender, race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. Youth who acquired HIV behaviorally were more likely to endorse the critical item (i.e., self-harm and/or suicidal ideation) than youth who acquired HIV perinatally. Forty-percent of th...
Psychiatric Diagnoses in Adolescents Seropositive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2000
To provide a descriptive analysis of the prevalence of past and current psychiatric disorders in adolescents positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Structured interview in a convenience sample in a primary care urban adolescent clinic in Washington, DC. Participants: Thirty-four HIV-seropositive adolescents ranging in age from 16 to 21 years. Main Outcome Measures: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-P) was administered by a child psychiatrist or a clinical child psychologist. Extensive review of medical records was also conducted. Editor's Note: This pilot study provides a fertile acorn for future research in the area of psychiatric risk factors and HIV infections-a deadly duo if there ever was one (or is it two?
Youths and HIV/AIDS: Psychiatry's Role in a Changing Epidemic
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2005
Objective-To review the past 10 years of published research on human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the United States, including psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors, epidemiology, biology, neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae, disclosure issues, prevention strategies, and biological and behavioral treatments. Method-Researchers reviewed the English-language literature with a focus on child and adolescent risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS, prevention, and treatment. Results-Substantial scientific advances have occurred over the past two decades leading to decreased morbidity and mortality in the United States from AIDS-related opportunistic infections. At the same time, rates of HIV infection are increasing in teenagers, young women, and minorities, and growing numbers of youths are living with an infected family member. Understanding HIV risk behavior requires a broad theoretical framework. Comprehensive HIV prevention programs have led to reduced risk behavior among HIV-affected youths and teens at risk of infection. Biological and behavioral treatments of HIV infection continue to evolve and have led to longer life span, improved quality of life, and fewer psychiatric problems. Conclusions-HIV/AIDS has significant mental health implications, and psychiatry can play a critical role in curbing the epidemic. With minimal effort, mental health professionals can adapt and apply the strategies that they use to treat psychiatric symptoms to prevent HIV transmission behaviors.
Understanding HIV/AIDS: Psychosocial and Psychiatric Issues in Youths
Contemporary psychiatry (Hagerstown, Md.), 2003
The definition of AIDS has undergone several revisions since the mid-1980s when HIV was identified as the causative agent of AIDS and specific diagnostic tests were developed to identify the infection. The 1993 CDC classification system is based on CD4+ T lymphocyte cell counts and clinical conditions associated with HIV infection including opportunistic infections. 4 HIV-infected individuals with a CD4+ T cell count of < 200 have AIDS by
Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 2016
Adolescents in HIV endemic settings are a priority demographic with respect to HIV prevention. Some studies have shown that behaviours associated with HIV transmission, may be mediated by mental health factors such as depression. We undertook this study to explore the prevalence and associations of depression symptomology among adolescents living in the HIV endemic community of Soweto, South Africa through the Botsha Bophelo Adolescent Health Study (BBAHS). We estimated the prevalence of depression using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale, using a score of ≥24 to indicate 'probable depression'. Among the 789 adolescents (14-19 years) with depression scores, 262 (33%) met the criteria for probable depression (99 [38%] men and 163 [62%] women; p = 0.061). In multivariable logistic regression, factors independently associated with depression included being female (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.45-4.00), marijuana use (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.21-5.93), physical violence (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.62), pregnancy (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.03-3.88) and incarceration (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 0.99-4.42). These data indicate that a concerning proportion of adolescents in Soweto may be suffering from depression and those screened as potentially depressed, were more likely to be female and have cofactors relating to increased risk for HIV. As part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy, we recommend that depression screening for adolescents be integrated into public and school health programs that triage those suffering into treatment programs.
Preventing mental health conditions in adolescents living with HIV: an urgent need for evidence
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2020
IntroductionAs adolescents transition from childhood to adulthood, they experience major physical, social and psychological changes, and are at heightened risk for developing mental health conditions and engaging in health‐related risk behaviours. For adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV), these risks may be even more pronounced. Research shows that this population may face additional mental health challenges related to the biological impact of the disease and its treatment, the psychosocial burdens of living with HIV and HIV‐related social and environmental stressors.DiscussionPsychosocial interventions delivered to adolescents can promote positive mental health, prevent mental health problems and strengthen young people’s capacity to navigate challenges and protect themselves from risk. It is likely that these interventions can also benefit at‐risk populations, such as ALHIV, yet there is little research on this. There is an urgent need for more research evaluating the effects of in...
Depression and social support among HIV-affected adolescents
AIDS patient care and …, 2007
Adolescents of parents infected with HIV/AIDS (HIV-affected adolescents) were recruited from August 1993 to March 1995 to examine their depression as a function of their social support. Adolescent depression and the size, frequency of contact, satisfaction, negative role model influence, and positive social support were examined. Adolescent depression was associated with higher parent depression score, parental HIV disclosure, conduct problems, and was inversely related to higher self-esteem, being male, and a positive living situation. Negative social support was significantly associated with higher adolescent depression, indicating negative role model influence may be more salient than size, frequency of contact, perception, or positive social support. The findings underscore the complex relationships between social support and mental/behavioral outcomes among HIV-affected adolescents as well as the need to examine HIV disclosure in more detail within the context of adolescent social support.
Psychological Symptoms Among 2032 Youth Living with HIV: A Multisite Study
AIDS patient care and STDs, 2015
This study determined the prevalence and patterns of psychological symptoms in adolescents and young adults living with HIV (YLWH) in medical care and relationships between psychological symptoms, route and duration of infection, and antiretroviral treatment (ART). A clinic-based sample of 2032 YLWH (mean age 20.3 years), recruited from 20 adolescent medicine HIV clinics, completed a cross-sectional survey of health behaviors and psychological symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Overall, 17.5% of youth reported psychological symptoms greater than the normative threshold on the Global Severity Index. A wide variety of symptoms were reported. The prevalence of clinical symptoms was significantly greater in youth with behaviorally acquired HIV compared to those with perinatally acquired infection (20.6% vs. 10.8%, OR=2.06 in Multiple Logistic Regression (MLR)), and in those not taking ART that had been prescribed (29. 2% vs. 18.8%, OR=1.68 in MLR). Knowing one's HIV s...