Use of Waste Banana Peel Ash in Glaze Making (original) (raw)
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Inorganic wastes in glaze recipes and their effects on microstructure
This work reports on recycling various amounts of inorganic wastes (scraps of glass packaging waste, key sawdust, copper slag, and pyrite ash) into artistic ceramic glazes. These waste materials were used in the range of 0.6-20% in artistic glaze compositions. Glazes were composed of a mixture of acidic (SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 ), basic (Na 2 O, K 2 O, CaO, ZnO, PbO), and amphoteric (Al 2 O 3, Cr 2 O 3 ) oxides and formulated using the Seger method. These glaze compositions were applied over the surface of the porcelain body and fired at 1080°C and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). As a consequence, results showed that, different inorganic wastes could be used in artistic glaze compositions for the obtaining attractive colors and textures.
The Use of Roof Tile Wastes in Stoneware Glazes
Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 2014
In this study usability of roof tile waste, which emerges after production in a roof tile factory in Turkey-Eskisehir, as glaze raw material has been analyzed. Terracotta roof tile wastes' chemical (XRF) and mineralogical (XRD), dilatometer and thermal microscopy analyses, grain size distribution, and color and melting characteristics at 1160°C have been determined. In the first phase, roof tile waste has been used with ulexite, which is a boron compound, in a binary glaze system; in the second phase however roof tile waste has taken place in transparent stoneware glaze recipe with varying rates from 40 % to 95 %. Following the glaze firings at 1160°C, it has been observed that matte and flossy glazed surfaces changing from brown to black have been formed.
Recycling of Afyon-Iscehisar marble waste in transparent stoneware glaze recipes
The present study focuses on the recycling of marble waste, generated by the marble industry for producing transparent stoneware glazes. The marble waste came from a marble-cutting plant located in Afyon-Iscehisar, Turkey. Ceramic stoneware glazes containing up to 40 wt% waste were prepared. The stabilized glaze slurries were applied onto stoneware tiles, which were sintered at 1000 °C. Five different glaze mixtures containing marble waste were prepared and evaluated for firing color, water emission, and thermal behavior. Microstructural evolution was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the marble waste can be used in transparent stoneware glaze production , resulting in a new possibility for recycling this waste and conserving natural resources. After 20 wt% waste addition, development of opaque glaze surface texture occurred because of high calcium oxide incorporation to the system.
New glaze compositions were synthesized from combinations of ceramic glaze and cement kiln dust. The products show very good chemical resistance to acid and alkaline corrosion, with no visual changes on the surfaces of the samples. This resistance can be attributed to the very well balanced composition of wastes and commercial ceramic glaze materials. Corrosion data reveal the results of mass loss either at 25°C or 100°C. The mass loss is very low, showing that it is possible to develop glazes with excellent chemical resistance to strong acid and alkaline solutions corrosion starting from different concentrations of cement kiln dust associated with commercial ceramic glaze materials. The IR spectra of the prepared samples show characteristic bands related to the vibrations of triangular and tetrahedral borate and tetrahedral silicate groups together with metal-oxide groups. The surface hardness data of the glazes determined by Mohs are found to be 5-6 at early immersion times up to ∼9 days, but there is obvious deterioration beyond 9 days. The results point out that it possible to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of elements released through the chemical attack and their implications on microstructural and mechanical degradation of the working surface of glazed ceramic tiles.
Ash from sunflower husk as raw material for ceramic products
Ceramics International, 2011
The objective of the present work was to characterize a residual material (ash) from edible oil industrial production and to study its feasibility as a starting material for fabrication of ceramics for the construction industry. The characterization of the ash was carried out by a range of techniques, such as humidity content measurement, particle size distribution analysis, weight loss on calcination, scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition analysis by X-ray dispersion energy and X-ray diffraction. The ash was compacted without other additions into ''green bodies'', which were treated at different temperatures in order to determine the sintering behaviour, and the occurrence of possible chemical reactions at the processing temperatures. From the experimental results and the analysis of the equilibrium diagrams of the major oxides present, the theoretical sintering temperatures were determined to be too high for an attractive cost-effective industrial scale process. Therefore new mixtures were designed adding different contents of milled discarded (cullet) glass to the ash in order to lower the working temperature. Final sintered products containing 30%, 40% and 50% of ash were produced which exhibit adequate properties for their use as ceramic products with a typology of lightening bricks. #
The Use of Glass Wastes in Stoneware Glazes as Alternative Raw Materials
Ceramics - Technical
discuss alternative raw materials L iving standard is dependent upon continuously improved technological development. to prepare high quality materials and to use them effectively in daily life, however, requires that many industrial branches continue to consume natural sources. To protect living environment threatened by growing and developing industry is one of the major problems for human beings. Day by day production rates of different industrial branches rise with the increasing demands of largely growing population. Therefore, level of waste disposals, their storage, transportation and attempts for their evaluation seem to be environmentally and economically inevitable issues to be necessarily considered. Mankind has to take required actions to ensure the safest and more comfortable life for the present time and coming future. 1, 2 Current economic needs require increasingly more economical development of manufacturing techniques, together with improving or maintaining of chemical product's physical parameters. 3 Improving the properties of materials, reducing costs and using all the potential of a raw material are becoming increasingly necessary for worldwide industry. Thus, research regarding the recycling and exploitation of industrial wastes for the manufacture of more value-added materials has become increasingly urgent. Industrialisation processes generate a variety of wastes that cause serious environmental effects when they are discarded carelessly. At present the waste is being deposited in an open area where it pollutes the environment. Its utilisation will result in significant cost savings and also the problem of pollution of the environment will be solved. In recent years, the recycling of these wastes has emerged as an alternative to reduce the consumption of natural raw material, minimise energy consumption and, at the same time, diminish environmental effects. Glazes serve to eliminate surface porosity, increase the mechanical strength of ceramic materials, and confer aesthetic qualities to decoration systems and can consist of a glassy or vitreous phase, heterogeneous phases, or glass-ceramic phases, with the glassy matrix corresponding to 80-90 percent of the layer and the remainder to one or more crystalline phases. Thus, the production of glazes is an excellent alternative for recycling materials, since different types of wastes can be included in their compositions. A great variety of colours can be obtained by varying the proportion of waste in the composition. Recycled glass can be obtained from several sources such as flat glass, glass bottles, lamps, television screens and so forth. Moreover, its amorphous nature and composition (mainly silicon oxide, calcium oxide and sodium oxide) make it an excellent candidate for application in the ceramics industry as a flux agent and/or frits for glazes and engobes. For that reason, the recycled glass must possess compositional homogeneity and must be available in large quantities. In this study, the utilisation capability of the glassware wastes taken from a commercial glass factory in Eskisehir, Turkey has been investigated in the production of stoneware glaze. Hot stage microscope, dilatometer, X-ray fluorescent (XRF) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and grain size distribution analyses of the waste were performed. By adding glassware wastes to standard glaze, new glaze recipes were composed and they were applied onto stoneware bodies and fired at 1160ºC. Obtained glazes underwent certain tests in order to determine their firing shrinkage values, thermal expansion coefficients and optical parameters. materials and methods
The effects of adding Oryza sativa straw ash to ceramic crystalline glaze
4TH INTERNATIONAL SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (ISTEC) 2020: Exploring Materials for the Future
Oryza sativa (Rice straw) is a natural resource that has the potential as a raw material in the ceramic field. Rice straw ash (RSA) contains high silica (SiO2) after it goes through the calcination process. This paper presents the investigation on the effects of crystalline glaze using RSA as an alternative substance for silica in the glaze formulation. Silica is significant material was used in the crystalline glaze to react with zinc oxide to seeding crystals as willemite (Zn2SiO4) in the form of spherulites during the firing process. This study is performed to identify SiO2 content from RSA because this residue is still not fully utilized in Malaysia. The aims of the present study are to identify the effects of adding RSA to ceramic crystalline glaze and the potential of conventional silica replaced with RSA, as well as identifying the optimum calcination temperature of rice straw. Rice straws were fired at different firing calcination temperatures of 700 ºC, 800 ºC, 900 ºC, and 1000 ºC. Crystalline glaze samples were then fired at 1200 ºC for four hours of gloss temperature and hold for five hours at crystallization temperature. After firing, the morphology of the crystalline structure on the ceramic substrate body identified using visual observation. In summary, amorphous silica derived from RSA brings high silica content. It provides a potential alternative material for silica used in crystalline glaze, SiO2 content in rice straw ash combined with zinc oxide to encourage the nucleus crystal seed. From XRF test, 89.7% silica content was determined in RSA and the results also show apparent growth of crystals on the ceramic substrate samples with different effects.
The Use of Glass Waste in Stoneware Glazes
discuss alternative raw materials L iving standard is dependent upon continuously improved technological development. to prepare high quality materials and to use them effectively in daily life, however, requires that many industrial branches continue to consume natural sources. To protect living environment threatened by growing and developing industry is one of the major problems for human beings. Day by day production rates of different industrial branches rise with the increasing demands of largely growing population. Therefore, level of waste disposals, their storage, transportation and attempts for their evaluation seem to be environmentally and economically inevitable issues to be necessarily considered. Mankind has to take required actions to ensure the safest and more comfortable life for the present time and coming future. 1, 2 Current economic needs require increasingly more economical development of manufacturing techniques, together with improving or maintaining of chemical product's physical parameters. 3 Improving the properties of materials, reducing costs and using all the potential of a raw material are becoming increasingly necessary for worldwide industry. Thus, research regarding the recycling and exploitation of industrial wastes for the manufacture of more value-added materials has become increasingly urgent. Industrialisation processes generate a variety of wastes that cause serious environmental effects when they are discarded carelessly. At present the waste is being deposited in an open area where it pollutes the environment. Its utilisation will result in significant cost savings and also the problem of pollution of the environment will be solved. In recent years, the recycling of these wastes has emerged as an alternative to reduce the consumption of natural raw material, minimise energy consumption and, at the same time, diminish environmental effects. Glazes serve to eliminate surface porosity, increase the mechanical strength of ceramic materials, and confer aesthetic qualities to decoration systems and can consist of a glassy or vitreous phase, heterogeneous phases, or glass-ceramic phases, with the glassy matrix corresponding to 80-90 percent of the layer and the remainder to one or more crystalline phases. Thus, the production of glazes is an excellent alternative for recycling materials, since different types of wastes can be included in their compositions. A great variety of colours can be obtained by varying the proportion of waste in the composition. Recycled glass can be obtained from several sources such as flat glass, glass bottles, lamps, television screens and so forth. Moreover, its amorphous nature and composition (mainly silicon oxide, calcium oxide and sodium oxide) make it an excellent candidate for application in the ceramics industry as a flux agent and/or frits for glazes and engobes. For that reason, the recycled glass must possess compositional homogeneity and must be available in large quantities. In this study, the utilisation capability of the glassware wastes taken from a commercial glass factory in Eskisehir, Turkey has been investigated in the production of stoneware glaze. Hot stage microscope, dilatometer, X-ray fluorescent (XRF) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and grain size distribution analyses of the waste were performed. By adding glassware wastes to standard glaze, new glaze recipes were composed and they were applied onto stoneware bodies and fired at 1160ºC. Obtained glazes underwent certain tests in order to determine their firing shrinkage values, thermal expansion coefficients and optical parameters. materials and methods
Reuse of glass waste in the manufacture of ceramic tableware glazes
Today, various studies are carried out to spread the understanding of sustainability. The sustainability of production processes gains importance in corporate areas. In this study, the use of glass waste instead of frit used in glaze compositions in the ceramic industry was evaluated. The chemical and physical properties of glass wastes on samples were examined. The glaze formulations were prepared using 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of glass waste instead of frit. Glass wastes were added to glaze compositions and 12 different glaze formulation studies were carried out. Transparent, Opaque, and Matte test glazes were prepared with glass waste added glaze formulations, and these glazes were applied to ceramic bodies. SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis of standard glaze and glass waste added glazes was performed to determine the microstructural and morphological characterizations. Also, surface whiteness, brightness, L*a*b values, glaze flows, harcort test results, and final water absorption values were compared. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that it is appropriate to use 3% glass waste by weight instead of the frit in the production of ceramic tableware.