Estimation of the Contribution of Non–Assisted Reproductive Technology Ovulation Stimulation Fertility Treatments to US Singleton and Multiple Births (original) (raw)
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Fertility and Sterility, 2011
Objective: To study birth outcomes among live born infants conceived by women who used infertility treatment. Design: Population-based surveillance of women who recently delivered a live infant. Setting: The birth outcomes among infants whose mothers used assisted reproductive technology (ART) or ovulation stimulation medications alone were compared with the outcomes of infants conceived without treatment. Patient(s): Stratified random sample of women who were attempting conception and gave birth to a live infant in six US states (n ¼ 16,748). Intervention(s): Assisted reproductive technology and ovulation stimulation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Adjusted odds ratios for perinatal outcomes. Result(s): The prevalence of infertility treatment use overall among women attempting conception was 10.9% (5.4% ART procedures, 5.5% ovulation stimulation medications). Singletons of mothers who received ART procedures were more likely to be born with low birthweight, preterm, and small for gestational age (SGA) than singleton infants conceived without treatment. Singleton infants of mothers who used ovulation stimulation medications alone were more likely to be SGA than singleton infants conceived without treatment. No differences were found between ART and no treatment twin infants. Conclusion(s): Among singleton infants, ART is associated with decreased fetal growth, decreased gestational length, and SGA; ovulation stimulation alone is associated with SGA. (Fertil Steril Ò 2011;96:314-20. Ó2011
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015
We sought to quantify the risk of multiple births associated with the use of different modalities of medically assisted reproduction. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study using a birth cohort from 2006 through 2009. This cohort was built with the linkage of data obtained by a self-administered questionnaire and medical, hospital, pharmaceutical, birth, and death databases in Quebec. Cases were pregnancies resulting in multiple live births (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision/International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes). Each case was matched, on maternal age and year of delivery, with 3 singleton pregnancies (controls) randomly selected among all Quebec singleton pregnancies. Data on the use of different fertility treatments were collected by a selfadministered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for body mass index, number of previous live births, ethnicity, family income, place of residence, marital status, subfertility, reduction of embryos, diabetes, metformin treatment, folic acid supplementation, and lifestyle factors, were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). We evaluated the associations between each type of fertility treatment (ovarian stimulators used alone, intrauterine insemination [IUI] used with ovarian stimulation, and assisted reproductive technologies [ART]) and the risk of multiple births. RESULTS: A total of 1407 cases of multiple births and 3580 controls were analyzed. More than half of multiple births following medically assisted reproduction (53.6%) occurred among women having used ovarian stimulation with or without IUI. The use of ovarian stimulators alone and IUI with ovarian stimulation increase the risk of multiple births (adjusted OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.2e6.4; and adjusted OR, 9.32; 95% CI, 5.60e15.50, respectively) compared to spontaneous conception. The use of invasive ART was associated with a greatly increased risk of multiple births. Among only the 465 women who used medically assisted reproduction for conception, the use of IUI with ovarian stimulation was associated with an increased risk of multiple births (adjusted OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.12e3.49) when compared to ovarian stimulators used alone. Invasive ART were associated with an increased risk of multiple births (adjusted OR, 6.81; 95% CI, 3.72e12.49) when compared to ovarian stimulators used alone. CONCLUSION: Although the risk of multiple births associated with invasive ART can be decreased by elective implementing of single embryo transfer, special attention should be paid to the greatly increased risk associated with ovarian stimulation used alone or with IUI.
Effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology (ART)
Evidence report/technology assessment, 2008
We reviewed the evidence regarding the outcomes of interventions used in ovulation induction, superovulation, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) for the treatment of infertility. Short-term outcomes included pregnancy, live birth, multiple gestation, and complications. Long-term outcomes included pregnancy and post-pregnancy complications for both mothers and infants. MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration resources. We included studies published in English from January 2000 through January 2008. For short-term outcomes, we excluded non-randomized studies and studies where a pregnancy or live birth rate per subject could not be calculated. For long-term outcomes, we excluded studies with fewer than 100 subjects and those without a control group. Articles were abstracted for relevant details, and relative risks or odds ratios, with 95 percent confidence intervals, were calculated for outcomes of interest for each study. We identified 5294 abstracts and (for the three questions discussed in...
Fertility and Sterility, 2004
Three hundred eighty-three programs submitted data on procedures performed in 2000. Data were collated after November 2000 so that the outcome of all pregnancies established would be known. Main Outcome Measure(s): Incidence of clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and delivery. Result(s): Programs reported initiating 99,989 cycles of ART treatment. Of these, 73,406 cycles involved fresh nondonor IVF (46.6% with intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]), with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%; 549 were cycles of gamete intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 24.7%; 763 were cycles of zygote intrafallopian transfer, with a delivery rate per retrieval of 29.9%. The following additional ART procedures were also initiated: 7,581 fresh donor oocyte cycles, with a delivery rate per transfer of 43.7%; 13,083 frozen embryo transfer procedures, with a delivery rate per transfer of 20.4%; 2,721 frozen embryo transfers using donated oocytes or embryos, with a delivery rate per transfer of 23.5%, and 1,200 cycles using a host uterus, with a delivery rate per transfer of 35.8%. In addition, 326 cycles were reported as combinations of more than one treatment type, 41 cycles as research, and 319 as embryo banking. As a result of all procedures, 25,394 deliveries were reported, resulting in 35,345 neonates, of which 35,031 were live born and 314 stillborn. Conclusion(s): In 2000, there were more programs reporting ART treatment and a significant (13.5%) increase in reported cycles compared to 1999. In comparable cycle types, overall success rate (deliveries per retrieval) exhibited an actual increase of 0.6%, which represents an increase of 2.2% when compared to the success rate for 1999.
Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 2017
The purpose of this study is to examine the spectrum of infertility diagnoses and assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments in relation to risk of preterm birth (PTB) in singletons. Population-based assisted reproductive technology surveillance data for 2000-2010 were linked with birth certificates from three states: Florida, Massachusetts, and Michigan, resulting in a sample of 4,370,361 non-ART and 28,430 ART-related singletons. Logistic regression models with robust variance estimators were used to compare PTB risk among singletons conceived with and without ART, the former grouped by parental infertility diagnoses and treatment modalities. Demographic and pregnancy factors were included in adjusted analyses. ART was associated with increased PTB risk across all infertility diagnosis groups and treatment types: for conventional ART, adjusted relative risks ranged from 1.4 (95% CI 1.0, 1.9) for male infertility to 2.4 (95% CI 1.8, 3.3) for tubal ligation. Adding intra-cyto...
Fertility and Sterility, 2013
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a prior assisted reproductive technology (ART) live birth on subsequent live-birth rates. Design: Historical cohort study. Setting: Clinic-based data. Patient(s): The study population included 297,635 women with 549,278 cycles from 2004 to 2010 from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcome Reporting System. Try 1 refers to ART cycles up to and including the first live birth, try 2 to ART cycles after a first live birth. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Live-birth rates by cycle number, try number, and oocyte source. Result(s): Younger women at try 1 are more likely to return for try 2. Women returning for try 2 were more likely to have had an ART singleton versus multiple birth (33.2% after a try 1 singleton versus 8.1% after twins and 4.9% after triplets) and were less likely to have a diagnosis of diminished ovarian reserve or tubal factors. Live-birth rates were significantly higher for try 2 compared with try 1 for autologous fresh cycles, averaging 7.7 percentage points higher over five cycles. Live-birth rates were not significantly different for try 2 versus try 1 with thawed autologous cycles or either fresh or thawed donor cycles. Conclusion(s): These results indicate that when fresh autologous oocytes can be used, livebirth rates per cycle are significantly greater after a prior history of an ART live birth. (Fertil Steril Ò 2013;100:1580-4. Ó2013 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Fertility and Sterility, 2012
Objective: To compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies conceived with different types of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures with those of naturally conceived pregnancies. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The perinatal database of the Japanese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Patient(s): A total of 242,715 women with singleton pregnancies were examined as a base cohort. Three study groups were created according to the type of ART procedure used, namely ovulation stimulation medications (n ¼ 4,111), IUI (n ¼ 2,351), and IVF-ET (n ¼ 4,570). Controls adjusted for multiple maternal characteristics were selected randomly for each study group. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Result(s): Patients who conceived through the ART procedures were associated with an increased incidence of placenta previa, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infant and a decreased incidence of spontaneous cephalic delivery, regardless of the type of ART procedure. Conclusion(s): Among singleton pregnancies, patients conceived with ART procedures were at increased risk for several adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, regardless of the type of ART procedure used. These results suggest that maternal factors associated with infertility may contribute to the adverse outcomes rather than the ART procedures themselves.
Fertility and Sterility, 2011
Objective: To analyze information on assisted reproductive technologies (ART) performed globally. Design: Data on access, efficacy, and safety of ART were collected for the year 2003 from 54 countries. Setting: National and regional ART registries globally. Patient(s): Patients undergoing ART globally. Intervention(s): Collection and analysis of international ART registry data. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of cycles performed in reporting countries and regions globally for different ART procedures with resulting pregnancy, live birth and multiple birth rates. Result(s): A total of 433,427 initiated cycles reported in this registry resulted in 173,424 babies born. This corresponded to a delivery rate per aspiration of 22.4% for in vitro fertilization (IVF), 23.3% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and a delivery rate per transfer of 17.1% for frozen embryo transfer. Although there is wide variation among countries and regions, the overall proportion of deliveries with twins and triplets from IVF and ICSI was 24.8% and 2.0%, respectively. There were wide variations in access, and compared with the previous report (year 2002), there was a 3.9% increase in the number of reported cycles and a minor increase in the delivery rate per aspiration. There was also a marginal decline in the mean number of embryos transfered and in the rate of multiple births. Conclusion(s): ART access, efficacy, and safety varies greatly globally. Collection and analysis of data over time will benefit ART patients, providers, and policy makers. (Fertil Steril Ò 2011;95:2209-22.
Human Reproduction, 2014
What are the access, effectiveness and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) worldwide in 2006? summary answer: ART access, effectiveness and safety vary markedly among countries. Overall, there was an increase in the use of ICSI, single embryo transfer (SET) and frozen embryo transfer (FET). There was a decline in the multiple delivery rate (DR) and preterm birth rate. what is known already: ART is widely practiced worldwide and there is a need for its continuous monitoring to improve the comprehensiveness and quality of ART data and services. study design, size, duration: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional survey of ART cycles undertaken worldwide in 2006. participants, setting, methods: A total of 2352 clinics in 56 countries provided data. Data were analyzed at a country and regional level. The forms for data collection were developed by the International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ICMART) and sent to each country or regional ART register. main results and the role of chance: A total of .1 050 300 initiated cycles resulted in an estimated .256 668 babies. The overall pregnancy rates (PRs) and DRs per aspiration for IVF were 30.7 and 22.8%, respectively, and for ICSI 29.7 and 20.0%, respectively. The PRs and DRs for FETs were 26.4 and 17.8%, respectively. Multiple DR per PR were 22.2% for twins and 1.5% for triplets following fresh IVF/ICSI and 16.4% for twins and 0.8% for triplets for FETs. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome complicated .4585 cycles (0.6%). Access to ART varied from 11 to 3988 cycles per million population. ICSI comprised 66.0% of all initiated cycles, FET 27.4% and SET 20.7%. Perinatal mortality rate was 25.2 per 1000 births for fresh IVF/ICSI and 17.5 per 1000 for FETs. limitations, reasons for caution: 44.6% of the countries provided incomplete data. Quality of data varies among individual countries and is dependant on the policy of the local regulatory authority for monitoring ART clinics. Continuous efforts are needed to improve comprehensiveness and quality of data collected. wider implications of the findings: Adopting the policy of SET, FET and the cessation of transferring more than two embryos should be widely applied. ICMART will continue helping countries and regions to establish their own ART registries. †