Size effect of platinum nanoparticles in simulated anticancer photothermal therapy (original) (raw)
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Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2020
The effectiveness of PTT depends on the photosensitizer being a molecule which is toxic for the cancer cells after electromagnetic wave irradiation. Therefore, a simulation of PTT was performed in this work on two colon cancer cells (SW480 and SW620) using platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Interestingly, in the literature the dependence between the synthesis method and the photothermal properties of Pt NPs was not discussed. Consequently, in this paper, we evaluated the photothermal properties of Pt NPs synthesized by two different methods: polyol (PtI NPs) and green chemistry (PtII NPs). Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed that the size of both Pt NPs obtained was 2 nm, the NPs were not agglomerated, and that the PtII NPs were distributed on green tea supports. The selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the crystallinity of both types of Pt NPs. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of the PtII NPs showed interactions between the NPs and stretching modes for C=O groups from flavonoids and polyphenols. Therefore, these chemical compounds could be responsible for reducing Pt 4+ ions to Pt 0. Moreover, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay showed that the PtII NPs exhibited 10% and 20% better cytotoxicity effect on SW480 and SW620 cells, than PtI NPs. The viability of cancer cells decreased when Pt NPs were used in PTT. The highest percentage of dead cells (82%) was observed for PtII NPs and 650-nm laser irradiation. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy showed structural changes induced by both Pt NPs and laser irradiation of cells in the range corresponding to levels of DNA, phospholipids, proteins, and lipids. Moreover, the calculated photothermal conversion efficiency showed that the value of this parameter is around 35%, regardless of the synthesis method and used wavelengths.
Pharmaceutics
In this review, advancement in cancer therapy that shows a transition from conventional thermal therapies to laser-based photothermal therapies is discussed. Laser-based photothermal therapies are gaining popularity in cancer therapeutics due to their overall outcomes. In photothermal therapy, light is converted into heat to destruct the various types of cancerous growth. The role of nanoparticles as a photothermal agent is emphasized in this review article. Magnetic, as well as non-magnetic, nanoparticles have been effectively used in the photothermal-based cancer therapies. The discussion includes a critical appraisal of in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest clinical studies completed in this area. Plausible evidence suggests that photothermal therapy is a promising avenue in the treatment of cancer.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Gold nanorods are the most commonly used nanoparticles in photothermal therapy for cancer treatment due to their high efficiency in converting light into heat. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of gold nanorods of different sizes (large and small) in eliminating two types of cancer cell: melanoma and glioblastoma cells. After establishing the optimal concentration of nanoparticles and determining the appropriate time and power of laser irradiation, photothermal therapy was applied to melanoma and glioblastoma cells, resulting in the highly efficient elimination of both cell types. The efficiency of the PTT was evaluated using several methods, including biochemical analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The dehydrogenase activity, as well as calcein-propidium iodide and Annexin V staining, were employed to determine the cell viability and the type of cell death triggered by the PTT. The melanoma cells exhibited greater resistance to photothermal therapy, bu...
Enhanced photothermal heating and combination therapy of gold nanoparticles on a breast cell model
BMC chemistry, 2022
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in addition to the damage to non-malignant normal cells are the most difficult in cancer treatment. Drug delivery and Plasmonic photothermal therapy based on the use of resonant metallic nanoparticles have developed as promising techniques to destroy cancer cells selectively. In the present work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using trisodium citrate. The prepared AuNPs have a small size of 14 ± 4 nm and exhibit high stability with Zeta potential − 18 mV, AuNPs showed higher photothermal heating efficiency compared to irradiation with a 532 nm laser alone on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 0.125 mM AuNPs coupled with laser irradiation for 6 min was found to significantly reduce (34%) the cell viability compared to 5% obtained with AuNPs in the same concentration and 26% with laser irradiation for 6 min without AuNPs. Moreover, the prepared AuNPs were used as an anticancer drug carrier for Doxorubicin (Dox), upon loading Dox to AuNPs there was a slight increase in the particle size to 16 ± 2 nm, FT-IR spectroscopic results showing the binding of Dox to AuNPs was through the-NH group. The potential cytotoxicity of the DOX@AuNPs nanocomposite was significantly increased compared to free DOX on the MCF7 cell line with a decrease in IC 50. All these results suggested the potential use of AuNPs as therapeutic photothermal agents and drug carriers in cancer therapy.
Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Phototherapy: An Overview
Nanomaterials, 2021
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces’ functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective tre...
Comparative in Vitro Study of Ag and Co/Ag Nanoparticles Mediated by Photothermal Therapy of Cancer
Egyptian Journal of Zoology, 2015
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The Pimpled Gold Nanosphere: A Superior Candidate for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy
International Journal of Nanomedicine
Background: The development of highly efficient nanoparticles to convert light to heat for anti-cancer applications is quite a challenging field of research. Methods: In this study, we synthesized unique pimpled gold nanospheres (PGNSs) for plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT). The light-to-heat conversion capability of PGNSs and PPTT damage at the cellular level were investigated using a tissue phantom model. The ability of PGNSs to induce robust cellular damage was studied during cytotoxicity tests on colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) and fibroblast cell lines. Further, a numerical model of plasmonic (COMSOL Multiphysics) properties was used with the PPTT experimental assays. Results: A low cytotoxic effect of thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG 400-SH-) was observed which improved the biocompatibility of PGNSs to maintain 89.4% cell viability during cytometry assays (in terms of fibroblast cells for 24 hrs at a concentration of 300 µg/ mL). The heat generated from the nanoparticle-mediated phantom models resulted in ΔT=30°C, ΔT=23.1°C and ΔT=21°C for the PGNSs, AuNRs, and AuNPs, respectively (at a 300 µg/mL concentration and for 325 sec). For the in vitro assays of PPTT on cancer cells, the PGNS group induced a 68.78% lethality (apoptosis) on DLD-1 cells. Fluorescence microscopy results showed the destruction of cell membranes and nuclei for the PPTT group. Experiments further revealed a penetration depth of sufficient PPTT damage in a physical tumor model after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining through pathological studies (at depths of 2, 3 and 4 cm). Severe structural damages were observed in the tissue model through an 808-nm laser exposed to the PGNSs. Conclusion: Collectively, such results show much promise for the use of the present PGNSs and photothermal therapy for numerous anti-cancer applications.