Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of bark extracts of Terminalia arjuna (original) (raw)

Abstract

To uncover the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity, five different extracts of Terminalia arjuna bark were examined. In the present study, the free radical scavenging potential of five extracts of the bark of Terminalia arjuna was assessed by measuring its capability for scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide radical, nitric oxide radicals (NO), as well as its ability in reducing power capacity assessment, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, using appropriate assay systems compared to natural and synthetic antioxidants. Total antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically. In DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the highest IC 50 value was showed by methanol extract with a value of 6.34 µg/ml followed by ethanol and petroleum ether having value of 7.76 and 25.63, respectively, as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) of 5.698 and 8.816, respectively. Methanol extract showed highest activity having IC 50 value of 14.436 and 25.184 µg/ml in hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging assay, respectively. All the five fractions showed good reducing power and cupric reducing capacity with increasing concentration again taking methanol extract to the top position. The methanol extract yielded 817.488 ± 8.108 mg/g gallic acid equivalent phenolic content and 199.122 ± 8.282 mg/g Quercetin equivalent flavonoid content that was highest among five extracts. Methanol extract of T. arjuna was found to possess the highest total antioxidant capacity (415.925 ± 2.291) followed by ethanol (377.675 ± 1.889) mg/g Ascorbic Acid Equivalent, respectively. A linear correlation appeared between the total antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic contents of the extracts with good correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.891). n-Hexane and chloroform extract showed least activity in all the measures. The results obtained beacon that T. arjuna is a potential source of antioxidants and thus could prevent many radical related diseases.

Figures (20)

Table 1. ICso values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna in DPPH scavenging assay.

Table 1. ICso values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna in DPPH scavenging assay.

Figure 1. Comparative DPPH radical scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Figure 1. Comparative DPPH radical scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Table 2. ICso values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna in HzOz2 scavenging assay. that of ascorbic acid (5.698 g/ml) and BHT (8.816 pg/ml) which are known free radical scavengers. Figure 1 exhibits the comparative % inhibition among T. arjuna bark extracts and standard compounds (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene). The highest scavenging effect was showed by methanol extract with a value of 6.34 pg/ml followed by ethanol and petroleum ether having value of 7.76 and 25.63, respectively as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and BHT of 5.698 and 8.816, respectively. These results indicated that extract has a noticeable effect on scaven- ging the free radicals. In fact, ICs) value of methanol and ethanol extract appeared to have slightly better than standard BHT at 50% inhibition. However, a maximum inhibition was achieved at a higher concentration of 250 ug/ml compared to 250 ug/ml for both of ascorbic acid and BHT respectively.

Table 2. ICso values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna in HzOz2 scavenging assay. that of ascorbic acid (5.698 g/ml) and BHT (8.816 pg/ml) which are known free radical scavengers. Figure 1 exhibits the comparative % inhibition among T. arjuna bark extracts and standard compounds (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene). The highest scavenging effect was showed by methanol extract with a value of 6.34 pg/ml followed by ethanol and petroleum ether having value of 7.76 and 25.63, respectively as opposed to that of the scavenging effects of ascorbic acid and BHT of 5.698 and 8.816, respectively. These results indicated that extract has a noticeable effect on scaven- ging the free radicals. In fact, ICs) value of methanol and ethanol extract appeared to have slightly better than standard BHT at 50% inhibition. However, a maximum inhibition was achieved at a higher concentration of 250 ug/ml compared to 250 ug/ml for both of ascorbic acid and BHT respectively.

Figure 2. Comparative H2O2 scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Figure 2. Comparative H2O2 scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Figure 3. Comparative nitric oxide scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Table 3. ICs values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna bark in Nitric oxide scavenging assay.

Figure 3. Comparative nitric oxide scavenging activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Table 3. ICs values of different extracts of Terminalia arjuna bark in Nitric oxide scavenging assay.

Figure 4. Comparative reducing power of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Figure 4. Comparative reducing power of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

Table 5. Total phenol contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna

Table 5. Total phenol contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna

Figure 5. Comparative cupric reducing antioxidant capacity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA. Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD.

Figure 5. Comparative cupric reducing antioxidant capacity of Terminalia arjuna bark extracts, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA. Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD.

Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD. Table 4. Total antioxidant capacity of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD. Table 4. Total antioxidant capacity of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 6. Calibration curve of ascorbic acid.

Figure 6. Calibration curve of ascorbic acid.

Figure 7. Total antioxidant capacity of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 7. Total antioxidant capacity of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 9. Total phenol contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 9. Total phenol contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 8. Calibration curve of gallic acid.

Figure 8. Calibration curve of gallic acid.

Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD Table 6. Total flavonoid contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Values are the mean of duplicate experiments and represented as mean + SD Table 6. Total flavonoid contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 10. Correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic contents of Terminalia arjuna extracts.

Figure 10. Correlation between the total antioxidant capacity and the total phenolic contents of Terminalia arjuna extracts.

Figure 11. Calibration curve of quercetin.

Figure 11. Calibration curve of quercetin.

Figure 12. Total flavonoid contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

Figure 12. Total flavonoid contents of the different extracts of Terminalia arjuna.

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