Expression of Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Transcripts in Egyptian Children With Autism (original) (raw)
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There is evidence that oxygen free radicals play a vital part in the pathophysiology of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Although it has not been investigated yet, several recent studies proposed that nitric oxide (NO) and other parameters related to oxidative stress may have a pathophysiological role in autism. This study aims to evaluate the plasma levels of antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma level of Nitric oxide (NO), a marker of oxidative stress, in Egyptian autistic children. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood with poorly understood etiology and pathology. The present study included 40 children with autism diagnosed by DSM-V-TR criteria and Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Controls included 40 age-matched healthy children. Cases were referred to Outpatient Clinic of Children with Special Needs Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. We compared levels of SOD, and NO in children with autism and controls. Level of NO was significantly higher in autistic children compared with their controls, while SOD was significantly lower among patients than controls. These findings indicate a possible role of increased oxidative stress and altered enzymatic antioxidants, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of autism. By /Shadia Abd El-Hamid 1, Naglaa Mostafa Sherif 1 , Nermine Ezz-eldine 2, 1 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Egypt 2 Research on Children with special needs department, national research center, Egypt
A Prospective Study of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Autistic Disorders
E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009
The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in a prospective, blinded cohort study of participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). OS biomarkers, including: blood glutathione (GSH), urine lipid peroxide, blood superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and blood GSH peroxidase (GPx) among participants diagnosed with ASDs (n=28) were evaluated in comparison to laboratory provided reference ranges. Testing was conducted using Genova Diagnostics (CLIA-approved). Participants diagnosed with ASDs had significantly (p<.005) decreased blood GSH and GPx relative to laboratory reference ranges. By contrast, participants diagnosed with ASDs had significantly (p<.000) increased urine lipid peroxide levels relative to laboratory reference ranges. A bimodal distribution of significant differences from the laboratory reference for blood SOD levels were observed (high=10.7%, low=14.3%). Finally, a significant (p=.05) inverse correlation was observed between blood GSH levels and ASD severity using Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores. The present observations are compatible with increased OS and a decreased detoxification capacity, particularly of mercury, in patients diagnosed with ASDs. Patients diagnosed with ASDs should be routinely tested to evaluate OS biomarkers and potential treatment protocols should be evaluated to potentially correct the OS abnormalities observed.
Oxidative Stress Markers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2012
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author MEGF was the principal investigator, designed the study, conducted the data analysis and wrote of the paper. Author M-LDH oversaw the laboratory measurements and performed the statistical analysis. Authors HV, CM and RG were the study neurologists, oversaw patient care and assisted with interpreting the results, Author EN classify the participants for the group control. Authors LB and MR assisted with interpreting the results. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Other Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Serum of Autistic Children
Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2015
The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of oxidative stress in the serum of children affected with autism spectrum disorder. Twenty autistic children aged 3 to 12 years, were gender and age-matched with 20 typically developing children. Changes in the levels of the redox-sensing transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) was measured in serum of autistic children and controls. Other oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and paraoxonase 1 activity were determined in serum as well. Significant increase was observed in serum NF-κB of autistic children compared to that in controls (by 138.6%). There was also marked increase in malondialdehyde level by 87.3% in autistic patients. Meanwhile, there were significant decreases in reduced glutathione (by 24%), catalase activity (by 40.8%), paraoxonase 1 activity (by 36.6%), and total antioxidant capacity (by 36.5%) compared to the control group. These data clearly demonstrate increased oxidative stress in serum of autistic children and suggest that the NF-κB signaling pathway is activated in autism, possibly due to increased oxidative burden.
2005
a former primary care physician, treats ADHD and autism with nutritional interventions. Dr. McGinnis receives NIH funding and coordinates a multi-university oxidative stress in autism study. He is currently organizing an international oxidative stress in autism symposium scheduled for 2005. innoVision Comnuinications is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The learner should study the article and its figures or tables, if any, then complete the seltevaluntion al the end of the activit)'. The activit)' and self-evalualion are expected to take a maximum of 2 hours. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Indirect markers are consistent with greater oxidative stress in autism. They include greater free-radical production. impaired energetics and cholinergics, and higher excitotoxic markers. Brain and gut. both abnormal in autism, are particularly sensitive to oxidative injury. Higher red-tell iipid peroxides and urinary isoprostanes in autism signify greater oxidative damage to biomolecules. A preliminary study found accelerated lipotuscin deposition-consistent with oxidative injury to autistic brain in cortical areas serving language and communication. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of potent antioxidants-vitamin C or carnosine-significantly improved autistic behavior. Benefits from these and other nutritional interventions may be due to reduction of oxidative stress. Understanding the role of oxidative stress may help illuminate the pathophysiology of autism, its environmental and genetic influences, new treatments, and prevention.
Frontiers in physiology, 2014
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are defined solely on the basis of behavioral observations. Therefore, ASD has traditionally been framed as a behavioral disorder. However, evidence is accumulating that ASD is characterized by certain physiological abnormalities, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and immune dysregulation/inflammation. While these abnormalities have been reported in studies that have examined peripheral biomarkers such as blood and urine, more recent studies have also reported these abnormalities in brain tissue derived from individuals diagnosed with ASD as compared to brain tissue derived from control individuals. A majority of these brain tissue studies have been published since 2010. The brain regions found to contain these physiological abnormalities in individuals with ASD are involved in speech and auditory processing, social behavior, memory, and sensory and motor coordination....
Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Molecular Neurobiology, 2020
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of July 11, 2016, the reported average incidence of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was 1 in 68 (1.46%) among 8-year-old children born in 2004 and living within the 11 monitoring sites' surveillance areas in the United States of America (USA) in 2012. ASD is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder that is also considered a hidden disability, as, for the most part; there are no apparent morphological differences between children with ASD and typically developing children. ASD is diagnosed based upon a triad of features including impairment in socialization, impairment in language, and repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. The increasing incidence of ASD in the pediatric population and the lack of successful curative therapies make ASD one of the most challenging disorders for medicine. ASD neurobiology is thought to be associated with oxidative stress, as shown by increased levels of reactive oxygen species and increased lipid peroxidation, as well as an increase in other indicators of oxidative stress. Children with ASD diagnosis are considered more vulnerable to oxidative stress because of their imbalance in intracellular and extracellular glutathione levels and decreased glutathione reserve capacity. Several studies have suggested that the redox imbalance and oxidative stress are integral parts of ASD pathophysiology. As such, early assessment and treatment of antioxidant status may result in a better prognosis as it could decrease the oxidative stress in the brain before it can induce more irreversible brain damage. In this review, many aspects of the role of oxidative stress in ASD are discussed, taking into account that the process of oxidative stress may be a target for therapeutic interventions.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2004
There is great evidence in recent years that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study was performed to assess the changes in red blood cells thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities in patients with autism (n = 27) compared to age-and sex-matched normal controls (n = 26). In the autistic group, increased TBARS levels (p < 0.001) and XO (p < 0.001) and SOD (p < 0.001) activity, decreased CAT (p < 0.001) activity and unchanged ADA activity were detected. It is proposed that antioxidant status may be changed in autism and this new situation may induce lipid peroxidation. These findings indicated a possible role of increased oxidative stress and altered enzymatic antioxidants, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of autism. ■ Key words autism • thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) • superoxide dismutase (SOD) • catalase (CAT) • xanthine oxidase (XO) • adenosine deaminase (ADA) • free radicals