The transition to IPv6, part 1: 4over6 for the China education and research network (original) (raw)
Related papers
Design and implementation scheme for deploying IPv4 over IPv6 tunnel
Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2008
IPv4 to IPv6 transition is an inevitable process when deploying IPv6 networks within the present IPv4 Internet. The two protocols are expected to coexist for a number of years during the transition period. A number of transition techniques exist to address the various needs of different networks. One of them is tunneling mechanism. Tunneling means encapsulation of one protocol into another one so that the encapsulated protocol is send as payload on the network. In this paper, a scheme is presented for tunneling of IPv4 packets in IPv6 packets. This scheme will be useful in the future when most of the networks would be converted into IPv6 networks involving minimum IPv4 routing.
A Comparative Analysis of Transition Mechanisms for IPv6/IPv4 Routing Environment
1999
This paper introduces an analysis for IPv6/IPv4 routed protocols on different transition mechanisms named IPv4 compatibility mechanisms that can be implemented by IPv6 hosts and routers. These mechanisms include providing complete implementations of both versions of the Internet Protocol (IPv4 and IPv6), and tunneling IPv6 packets over IPv4 routing infrastructures. They are designed to allow IPv6 nodes to maintain complete compatibility with IPv4, which should greatly simplify the deployment of IPv6 in the Internet, and facilitate the eventual transition of the entire Internet to IPv6.
A Prototype and Roadmap for Transition to IPv6 with Performance Evaluation
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2017
The migration from IPv4 to IPv6 can not be achieved in a brief period, thus both protocols co-exist at certain years. IETF Next Generation Transition Working Group (NGtrans) developed IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanisms. Since Iraq infrastructure, including universities, companies and institutions still use IPv4 protocol only. This research article tries to highlight, discuss a required transition roadmap and extend the local knowledge and practice on IPv6. Also, it introduces a prototype model using Packet tracer (network simulator) deployed for the design and implementation of IPv6 migration. Finally, it compares and evaluates the performance of IPv6, IPv4 and dual stack using OPNET based on QoS metrics such as throughput, delay and point to point utilization the key performance metrics for network with address allocation and router configuration supported by Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. In addition it compares dual-stack to the tunneling mechanism of IPv6 transition using OPNET. The results have shown that IPv6 network produces a higher in throughput, response time and Ethernet delay, but little difference in packet dropped, additionally the result in TCP delay, Point to point utilization shows small values compared to dual-stack networks. The worst performance is noted when 6 to 4 tunneling is used, tunneling network produces a higher delay than other scenarios.
An approach to support traffic engineering in IPv6 networks based on IPv6 facilities
Telecommunication Systems, 2019
IPv6 is an Internet protocol with the ability to provide a large number of addresses to allow the connectivity of each existing thing to the global network. It also allows the deployment of many technologies and services of the next generation. One of the major changes that occurred in the IP header with this new version is the addition of the IPv6 flow label field, which was created with the intention of labeling packets that belong to a particular flow to provide an appropriate treatment by routers. However, this field has not been widely exploited yet, and it is being set to zero in almost all IPv6 packets. The main Internet routing problem is that said routing is based on the shortest path algorithm, which leads to the possibility of some paths being congested while others are underused. To solve the congestion problem, many solutions aiming at traffic engineering support have been proposed, but this topic remains an open issue. This paper describes a new solution to support traffic engineering based on the usage of the IPv6 flow label for providing fast packet switching, which we have called PSA-TE6. In this document, we present the PSA-TE6 operation and evaluation regarding the label space reduction, label stacking cost and its minimization. The results show that PSA-TE6 is cheaper compared to the IP/MPLS solution when there is no label stacking, and that PSA-TE6 also outperforms IP/MPLS when the stacking is enabled until achieving a 40% presence of tunnels for encapsulation levels greater than 1.
A Review of IPv6 Multihoming Solutions
ICN 2011, The Tenth International …, 2011
Multihoming is simply defined as having connection to the Internet through more than one Internet service provider. Multihoming is a desired functionality with a growing demand because it provides fault tolerance and guarantees a continuous service for users. In the current Internet, which employs IPv4 as the network layer protocol, this functionality is achieved by announcing multihomed node prefixes through its all providers. But this solution, which employs Border Gateway Protocol, is not able to scale properly and adapt to the rapid growth of the Internet. IPv6 offers a larger address space compared to IPv4. Considering rapid growth of the Internet and demand for multihoming, the scalability issues of the current solution will turn into a disaster in the future Internet with IPv6 as the network layer protocol. A wide range of solutions have been proposed for multihoming in IPv6. In this paper, we briefly review active solutions in this area and perform an analysis, from deployability viewpoint, on them.
Evaluation and Study of Transition Techniques Addressed on IPv4-IPv6
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013
IPv4/IPv6 transition rolls out many challenges to the world of internet. IETF proposes various transition techniques including dual IP stack, IP translation and tunnelling transition mechanisms. A detailed study is made on the IPv6 addressing architecture. Out of the three mechanisms Tunnelling proves to be most effective in the study which has been done. The 6rd mechanism that is used for IPv4/IPv6 transition mechanism permits an IPv6 mobile node to roam into IPv4 based network and get serviced besides roaming in IPv6 based network. This paper aims at a comparative study on the three transition techniques such as Softwire mesh which supports Dual Stack, NAT444 which supports translation and IPv6 Rapid Development (6rd) mechanism in tunnelling mechanism.
Tunneling and translation are the two popular transition mechanisms for hybrid (IPv4/IPv6) network. ISPs configure both mechanisms to provide interconnectivity in hybrid (IPv4/IPv6) environment. This research document provides an ISP independent architecture to provide interconnectivity in hybrid network by deploying tunneling and translation mechanism through a decision entity. For the demonstration, NAT64/DNS64 (translation) and Tunnel broker service (Hurricane electric with 6in4 tunneling) are used. This architecture enables a user to deploy their required tunneling and translation mechanism under the umbrella of a decision entity which identifies the packet requirement.
Implementation of Multiprotocol Label Switching VPN over IPv6
2020
Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)-VPN is widely deployed between enterprises and service providers to offer a variety of advanced services to maintain their security over a single infrastructure. Many service providers are replacing frame relay and ATM services with MPLS VPNv4. In order to deal with shortcomings of IPv4, IPv6 is a tremendous approach to build up a broader global Internet. As MPLS does not support IPv6, thus by taking benefit from the MPLS features, we transport IPv6 VPN traffic on MPLS IPv4 core network to refer it as MPLS VPNv6 in this paper. It is a prominent solution for enterprises as it has enhanced security with optimized network performance. It deals with issues of scalability, easy management, redistribution policies, overlapping, and shortcoming of IP addresses. In this paper, we have created a single network infrastructure of MPLS VPN over which IPv4 and IPv6 traffic can be routed without applying any additional stress on the network. MPLS VPNv6 enables...
Deploying IPv6 Service Across Local IPv4 Access Networks
This paper introduces a new protocol called D6across4, which stands for Deploying IPv6 Service across local IPv4 access networks. The protocol aims to encourage Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to start deploying IPv6 service to their customers (end-users). It utilizes the automatic IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnels to transport IPv6 traffic (data and control information) over local IPv4 access networks. The key aspects of this protocol include: providing IPv6 service to end-users equivalent to native one, stateful operation, and requiring simple configurations on both end-user’s host and ISP sides at the time of setup. D6across4 connected hosts can communicate with other IPv6 hosts outside their local IPv4 access network. The simulation results showed that D6across4 performance parameters (e.g. latency and throughput) are acceptable in comparison to both IPv4 and IPv6 performance parameters.