Human Fetal Growth and Age Estimation Based on Osteometry on the Diaphysis of Fetal Tibia (original) (raw)
2020, International Journal of Innovative Research and Development
Introduction Human growth and developmental aspects have wide range of applications and scope. Very extensive studies have been carried out, in respect of growth on infants and children (Bhalla et al. 1986; Tsuzaki et al.1990), children through adolescence (Kulkarni 1985; Padmanathan et al.1990), and also adults (Macho1986). However very few studies are available on the growth aspects of human fetus in its intrauterine lifebased on its osteometry (Moss et al. 1955; Simon et al. 1984). Although various studies have been carried out by earlier workers on fetal growth and development, the aims of those studies varied from one another. Most of the earlier studies aimed to concentrate on developmental aspects rather than growth aspects based on osteometric analyses (O'Rahilly 1973;Moore 1977; Kulkarni et al. 1981). Few studies were aimed to estimate the age of related human fetus. (Mehta and Singh 1972; Kosa 1997). Methodology adopted in the earlier studies to prepare fetal material in dealing with prenatal growth and development was not uniform. Ford (1956) and Moore and Persaud (1993) measured human fetuses which were preserved in formalin. In various studies, observations and measurements were taken from photographs (Burdi 1969), radiographs (Scheuer et al.1980) and ultrasonographs (Falkner and Roche 1987; Mankeekar 1993). Moss et al. (1955) studied fetal bones prepared with alizarin staining. In some other studies (Ford 1956; Mehta and Singh 1972) fetal bones were dissected from preserved fetuses and measured. Mehta and Singh (1972) measured the crown-rump length of fetuses, after fixing them in 10% formalin for 4 to 6 months. As one can observe, no uniform method had been adopted in all those earlier studies in preparing the fetal specimens. The number of fetal specimens considered in the earlier studies also varied from one another. It has been noted that in many cases the number has been found to be quite inadequate. Gray and Gardner (1969), Gardner and Gray (1970) studied a series of only 40 embryos and fetuses. Mehta and Singh (1972) measured the diaphyseal lengths of only 50 fetuses. Feltz (1954) studied only 53 femora. Because of the inadequacy as well as variability in the sample size, no proper comparison could be made between these studies. In the case of osteometry, from the earlier studies, which were aimed to estimate the age from fetal long bones, it has been observed that not all the studies included all the long bones.
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